The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller family. It provides an overview of microcontrollers compared to general purpose microprocessors, noting that microcontrollers have CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals integrated into a single chip. It then outlines the 8051 microcontroller and its variants, describing features like memory sizes, I/O pins, and timers. Selection criteria for choosing a microcontroller like speed, packaging, and cost are also summarized.
Interrupt is a process that holds the microprocessor for a while and decide what will be next job that will done by the microprocesssor. Interrupt types ,SIM ,RIM ,DMA ,Maskable interrupt ,Non-Maskable interrupt,Trap,RST and many more has been discussed on this powerpoint . You will be able to know each of the interrupt and their functions from the slides ,some diagram that will help you to develop your knowledge about interrupt . Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.Internally, hardware interrupts are implemented using electronic alerting signals that are sent to the processor from an external device, which is either a part of the computer itself, such as a disk controller, or an external peripheral. For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position.software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed. The former is often called a trap or exception and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself. For example, a divide-by-zero exception will be thrown if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero as this instruction is an error and impossible. The operating system will catch this exception, and can choose to abort the instruction. Software interrupt instructions can function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from device drivers, like interrupts sent to and from a disk controller to request reading or writing of data to and from the disk.
Introduction of Motorola microprocessors
Designers
Motorola microprocessor family
Motorola 6800 Microprocessor Family
Variations of 6800
Motorola 680x0 Microprocessor Family
Motorola PowerPC Family
Features of MC6800 Microprocessor
Memory of MC6800 Microprocessor
This presentation discussed the Pentium Processor Family as requirement of the Micro-controller Course in Technological University of the Philippines. It covers the history of Pentium family of processors, list of Intel processors, features of the processors, architecture, modes, pipeline and trends.
Interrupt is a process that holds the microprocessor for a while and decide what will be next job that will done by the microprocesssor. Interrupt types ,SIM ,RIM ,DMA ,Maskable interrupt ,Non-Maskable interrupt,Trap,RST and many more has been discussed on this powerpoint . You will be able to know each of the interrupt and their functions from the slides ,some diagram that will help you to develop your knowledge about interrupt . Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.Internally, hardware interrupts are implemented using electronic alerting signals that are sent to the processor from an external device, which is either a part of the computer itself, such as a disk controller, or an external peripheral. For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position.software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed. The former is often called a trap or exception and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself. For example, a divide-by-zero exception will be thrown if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero as this instruction is an error and impossible. The operating system will catch this exception, and can choose to abort the instruction. Software interrupt instructions can function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from device drivers, like interrupts sent to and from a disk controller to request reading or writing of data to and from the disk.
Introduction of Motorola microprocessors
Designers
Motorola microprocessor family
Motorola 6800 Microprocessor Family
Variations of 6800
Motorola 680x0 Microprocessor Family
Motorola PowerPC Family
Features of MC6800 Microprocessor
Memory of MC6800 Microprocessor
This presentation discussed the Pentium Processor Family as requirement of the Micro-controller Course in Technological University of the Philippines. It covers the history of Pentium family of processors, list of Intel processors, features of the processors, architecture, modes, pipeline and trends.
This presentation discusses the support for interrupts in 8051. The interrupt types, interrupts versus polling etc are discussed. The register formats of IE, IP register are discussed. The concept of priority among the interrupts is discussed.
This presentation gives the details about the data types available in Embedded C. It also discusses the pros and cons of writing codes in C for 8051. Different example codes are considered.
This presentation discusses the support for interrupts in 8051. The interrupt types, interrupts versus polling etc are discussed. The register formats of IE, IP register are discussed. The concept of priority among the interrupts is discussed.
This presentation gives the details about the data types available in Embedded C. It also discusses the pros and cons of writing codes in C for 8051. Different example codes are considered.
RTOS based Confidential Area Security Systemajinky gadewar
Project is about to provide security system for confidential area security system.
It uses ARM LPC-1768 as microcontroller and Micro-Controller Operating System as a RTOS. Project consists of identity module as RFID, Fingerprint Scan and numbered password. It also uses different sensors.
This presentation givens an overview of interfacing of a real tie clock IC with 8051. The contents are referred from book of mazidi.
Also an internal architecture of an RTC is given for reference.
Two Types of Robots for Doing Chores Around the House Jacob Newberger
Jacob Newberger is a mechanical engineering graduate of Pennsylvania State University. Currently an automation validation engineer at Panacea Technologies, Jacob Newberger’s interests include domestic robots.
This connection or communication of multiple microcontrollers in a network is to a get a desired output. It is widely used in modern automobile industries. More and more microcontrollers are embedded in different kinds of products from industrial environment to domestic area.
WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED ON RF-MODULEEng.Manfred Kibona
This paper presents a project-based final year project course on completion of Bachelor degree in Telecommunication engineering. The goal of this project was to provide engineering students a hands-on experience involving actual engineering design on communication circuits, printed circuit board (PCB) design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
The scope of the project was been projected in develop a RF remote control system that will be capable for controlling various electrical appliances in the vicinity of 100 meters. The control signals has to traverse wirelessly by means of modulation with radio frequency carrier signal ranging from frequency band of 385MHz to 480MHz.
To perform its tasks, a single-chip microcomputer relies on a single semiconductor chip. One-chip computers, or microcontrollers, find widespread use in automation and industrial control. A microcontroller incorporates a variety of components, such as a central processing unit, random access memory, read-only memory (ROM or EPROM), input/output (I/O) lines, and more. Burraq Engineering solutions provide Micro Controller Training courses in Lahore. Some single-chip microcontrollers have components such as a DMA channel, an A/D converter, a serial port, a pulse width modulator, etc. that are optimized for a single task.
Presentation On Embedded System,
Presentation on 8051 microcontrollers,
Presentation on INTEL 8051 Microcontroller,
Topic Covered
What is the embedded system
Components
characteristics
Application Areas
Application
Microcontroller
The 8051 Microcontroller
features of 8051
Embedded Software Development Tools
Challenges
Future Trends
Conclusion
Presentation is Simple and Accurate.
Final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai"
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the.pdfaienterpresses
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each. 6.4 Assume
the system described in Problem 6.1 is lo be fed from a 4.0V. 2A00 mAh lithium battery.
Estimate the expected battery life, assuming LEDs are driven dynamically at 30% duty cycle.
What would be the regulator efficiency?? Determine the MCU thermal dissipation for the given
loading conditions and verify if it is operating within a safe temperature range.
Solution
An interface is either Input device, or output device, or a storage device, or processing device.
Input devices are used to provide some data to the microcontroller.
e.g. Switch, 4x4 Keypad Matrix, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor, Light Sensor etc. These
devices provide some input to the microcontroller, and this input is called as data.
Output devices are used to present the processed data to user or other equipment.
e.g. LED, LCD, Buzzer, Relay driver, DC Motor Driver, Stepper Motor driver, 7-Segment
Display etc. These devices convert the processed data to such a format, which is understandable
by human or other equipment.
Storage Devices are used to store the data, normally it is expected to store the data even if the
power is switched off. Some of the storage devices are SD/MMC card, EEPROM, DataFlash,
Real Time Clock, etc. These interfaces are used retain the data and this data can be used as and
when required by the microcontroller for further processing
Processing Devices are those interfaces most important as they reduce product development time
and provides out of box solution. E.g. Ethernet Controller interface, USB to TTL interface, SPI
to SD/MMC interface, Digital to analog module, etc. These interface circuits are flexible to
connect with any microcontroller which can talk in their language (sequence of commands).
A simple LED normally requires 0 or 5V to on / off. This is called as digital signal.
A buzzer beep similar to LED but can be beeped even with intermediate voltage levels between 0
to 5V. This variable voltage input is called as analog signal.
A temperature sensor LM35 generates analog voltage in proportion to the temperature. This
analog voltage needs to be connected to Analog Port pin of a microcontroller for processing
temperature data.
Ethernet controller module requires SPI data format to interface with any microcontroller. SPI is
a complex digital communication format.
Thus every interface is unique in its interfacing standards, but they are same at par with all
microcontrollers..
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the .pdfaienterpresses
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each.
Solution
Microcontroller is a single chip micro computer made through VLSI fabrication. A
microcontroller also called an embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support
circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control. A microcontroller is
available in different word lengths like microprocessors (4bit,8bit,16bit,32bit,64bit and 128 bit
microcontrollers are available today).
Microcontroller Chip
You can find microcontrollers in all kinds of electronic devices these days. Any device that
measures, stores, controls, calculates, or displays information must have a microcontroller chip
inside. The largest single use for microcontrollers is in automobile industry (microcontrollers
widely used for controlling engines and power controls in automobiles). You can also find
microcontrollers inside keyboards, mouse, modems, printers, and other peripherals. In test
equipments, microcontrollers make it easy to add features such as the ability to store
measurements, to create and store user routines, and to display messages and waveforms.
Consumer products that use microcontrollers include digital camcorders, optical players,
LCD/LED display units, etc. And these are just a few examples.
1) A microcontroller basically contains one or more following components:
2) A microcontroller internally consists of all features required for a computing system and
functions as a computer without adding any external digital parts in it.
3) Most of the pins in the microcontroller chip can be made programmable by the user.
4) A microcontroller has many bit handling instructions that can be easily understood by the
programmer.
5) A microcontroller is capable of handling Boolean functions.
6) Higher speed and performance.
7) On-chip ROM structure in a microcontroller provides better firmware security.
8 ) Easy to design with low cost and small size.
Microcontroller structure
The basic structure and block diagram of a microcontroller is shown in the fig (1.1).
Microcontroller Structure
Image Taken From
CPU is the brain of a microcontroller .CPU is responsible for fetching the instruction, decodes it,
then finally executed. CPU connects every part of a microcontroller into a single system. The
primary function of CPU is fetching and decoding instructions. Instruction fetched from program
memory must be decoded by the CPU.
The function of memory in a microcontroller is same as microprocessor. It is used to store data
and program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM (EEPROM,
EPROM, etc) or flash memories for storing program source codes.
Parallel input/output ports are mainly used to drive/interface various devices such as LCD’S,
LED’S, printers, memories, etc to a microcontroller.
Serial ports provide various serial interfaces between microcont.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
8051 microcontrollers
1. 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded
Systems: Using Assembly and C
Mazidi, Mazidi and McKinlay
Chung-Ping Young
楊中平
Home Automation, Networking, and Entertainment Lab
Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN
2. Microcontrollers and embedded
OUTLINES
processors
Overview of the 8051 family
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 2
3. General-purpose microprocessors
MICRO-
CONTROLLERS
contains
AND No RAM
EMBEDDED No ROM
PROCESSORS No I/O ports
Microcontroller
Microcontroller has
vs. General- CPU (microprocessor)
Purpose RAM
Microprocessor ROM
I/O ports
Timer
ADC and other peripherals
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 3
4. Data bus
MICRO- General-
purpose
CONTROLLERS Micro-
Processor I/O Serial
AND RAM ROM
Port
Timer COM
Port
EMBEDDED
PROCESSORS CPU
Address bus
Microcontroller
vs. General-
Purpose Microcontroller
Microprocessor CPU RAM ROM
(cont’)
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 4
5. General-purpose microprocessors
MICRO-
Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and
CONTROLLERS timers externally to make them functional
AND Make the system bulkier and much more
EMBEDDED expensive
PROCESSORS Have the advantage of versatility on the
amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports
Microcontroller Microcontroller
vs. General- The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM,
Purpose and number of I/O ports makes them ideal
Microprocessor for many applications in which cost and
(cont’) space are critical
In many applications, the space it takes,
the power it consumes, and the price per
unit are much more critical considerations
than the computing power
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 5
6. An embedded product uses a
MICRO- microprocessor (or microcontroller) to
CONTROLLERS do one task and one task only
AND
There is only one application software that
EMBEDDED
is typically burned into ROM
PROCESSORS
A PC, in contrast with the embedded
Microcontrollers system, can be used for any number of
for Embedded applications
Systems It has RAM memory and an operating
system that loads a variety of applications
into RAM and lets the CPU run them
A PC contains or is connected to various
embedded products
Each one peripheral has a microcontroller inside
it that performs only one task
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 6
7. Home
MICRO- Appliances, intercom, telephones, security systems,
CONTROLLERS garage door openers, answering machines, fax
AND machines, home computers, TVs, cable TV tuner,
VCR, camcorder, remote controls, video games,
EMBEDDED cellular phones, musical instruments, sewing
PROCESSORS machines, lighting control, paging, camera, pinball
machines, toys, exercise equipment
Microcontrollers Office
for Embedded Telephones, computers, security systems, fax
Systems machines, microwave, copier, laser printer, color
printer, paging
(cont’)
Auto
Trip computer, engine control, air bag, ABS,
instrumentation, security system, transmission
control, entertainment, climate control, cellular
phone, keyless entry
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 7
8. Many manufactures of general-purpose
MICRO- microprocessors have targeted their
CONTROLLERS microprocessor for the high end of the
AND
embedded market
EMBEDDED
There are times that a microcontroller is
PROCESSORS
inadequate for the task
x86 PC When a company targets a general-
Embedded purpose microprocessor for the
Applications embedded market, it optimizes the
processor used for embedded systems
Very often the terms embedded
processor and microcontroller are used
interchangeably
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 8
9. One of the most critical needs of an
MICRO- embedded system is to decrease
CONTROLLERS power consumption and space
AND
EMBEDDED In high-performance embedded
PROCESSORS processors, the trend is to integrate
more functions on the CPU chip and let
x86 PC designer decide which features he/she
Embedded wants to use
Applications In many cases using x86 PCs for the
(cont’)
high-end embedded applications
Saves money and shortens development
time
A vast library of software already written
Windows is a widely used and well understood
platform
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 9
10. 8-bit microcontrollers
MICRO-
CONTROLLERS Motorola’s 6811
AND Intel’s 8051
EMBEDDED Zilog’s Z8
PROCESSORS Microchip’s PIC
Choosing a There are also 16-bit and 32-bit
Microcontroller microcontrollers made by various chip
makers
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 10
11. Meeting the computing needs of the
MICRO-
CONTROLLERS
task at hand efficiently and cost
AND effectively
EMBEDDED Speed
PROCESSORS Packaging
Power consumption
Criteria for
The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
Choosing a
Microcontroller The number of I/O pins and the timer on
chip
How easy to upgrade to higher-
performance or lower power-consumption
versions
Cost per unit
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 11
12. Availability of software development
MICRO- tools, such as compilers, assemblers,
CONTROLLERS and debuggers
AND
EMBEDDED Wide availability and reliable sources
PROCESSORS of the microcontroller
The 8051 family has the largest number of
Criteria for diversified (multiple source) suppliers
Choosing a Intel (original)
Atmel
Microcontroller
(cont’) Philips/Signetics
AMD
Infineon (formerly Siemens)
Matra
Dallas Semiconductor/Maxim
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 12
13. Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-
OVERVIEW OF 51, in 1981
8051 FAMILY The 8051 is an 8-bit processor
The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a
time
8051
Microcontroller The 8051 had
128 bytes of RAM
4K bytes of on-chip ROM
Two timers
One serial port
Four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide
6 interrupt sources
The 8051 became widely popular after
allowing other manufactures to make
and market any flavor of the 8051, but
remaining code-compatible
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 13
14. External
Interrupts
OVERVIEW OF
8051 FAMILY
Counter Inputs
On-chip
Interrupt ROM On-chip Etc.
Control Timer 0
8051 for code RAM Timer 1
Microcontroller
(cont’)
CPU
OSC Bus I/O Serial
Control Ports Port
P0 P1 P2 P3 TXD RXD
Address/Data
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 14
15. The 8051 is a subset of the 8052
OVERVIEW OF
8051 FAMILY The 8031 is a ROM-less 8051
Add external ROM to it
8051 Family You lose two ports, and leave only 2 ports
for I/O operations
Feature 8051 8052 8031
ROM (on-chip program
4K 8K 0K
space in bytes)
RAM (bytes) 128 256 128
Timers 2 3 2
I/O pins 32 32 32
Serial port 1 1 1
Interrupt sources 6 8 6
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 15
16. 8751 microcontroller
OVERVIEW OF
8051 FAMILY UV-EPROM
PROM burner
Various 8051 UV-EPROM eraser takes 20 min to erase
Microcontrollers AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
Flash (erase before write)
ROM burner that supports flash
A separate eraser is not needed
DS89C4x0 from Dallas Semiconductor,
now part of Maxim Corp.
Flash
Comes with on-chip loader, loading program to
on-chip flash via PC COM port
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 16
17. DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
OVERVIEW OF
8051 FAMILY NV-RAM (changed one byte at a time),
RTC (real-time clock)
Various 8051 Also comes with on-chip loader
Microcontrollers OTP (one-time-programmable) version
(cont’) of 8051
8051 family from Philips
ADC, DAC, extended I/O, and both OTP
and flash
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
HANEL National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 17