Presentation by Balakrishna Gowda, Professor and Project Coordinator, Biofuel Park (India) presented at the "IFAD-ICRAF Biofuel Program" side event which took place alongside the thirty-eighth session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA 38) in Bonn, Germany 5 June, 2013.

1. AGRO FORESTRY APPROACH
TO SUSTAINABILITY IN BIOFUEL VALUE CHAIN
Balakrishna Gowda
Professor, Bio fuel Park,
University of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore , India.
Email:gowdabk@yahoo.com

2. Agro forestry model
An approach developed at University of agricultural
sciences, Bangalore
A model for sustainable agriculture practice that can build
a strong foundation crop productivity and for bio fuels
Vision: Food and Fuel and not Food v/s Fuel

3. Facts:
Indian Agriculture system is comprehensive with trees
as a part of crop production
Trees are inseparable part of farming system in
providing scope for meeting the requirements like
- Agriculture implements
- Leaf manure for agriculture land
- shelter
- plant protection
- support bird population
- barrier for many pests
- also yield seeds with oil content

4. The viable option:
• Sensitize farmers to grow trees as in the past
along borders, Bunds, back yards, ravines etc.-
that do not invade into agriculture land and
affect its productivity
• Multispecies, decentralized growing of plants
to get the feed stock for bio fuels in all seasons
• Collection an processing an value addition at
village level for sustainability

5. The back ground
India has more than 300 species of trees naturally growing in
different agro climatic and agro ecological situations which
yield oil from their seeds ranging from 10-70% in the kernels
Karnataka state has around 100 species with oil content
ranging from 10-70%
There are already 5-7 species of trees grown by farmers
which yield in different part of the year
The seeds obtained from these are being used by them for
expelling oil for lighting Medicine and other uses.
contd..

6. Contd..
The process of oil expelling made in villages with
traditional communities with traditional equipments
The de oiled cake was used in agriculture as manure,
which was discontinued long with the advent of Modern
agriculture practice
The oil, oil cake and biomass have natural chemicals
that can check most of the agriculture pests and
diseases

10. Name Seed yield in kg/tree Oil Percentage
Aphanamixis polystachya 25-40 30-40%
Pongamia pinnata 30-150 27-42%
Azadirachta indica 20-35 30-39%
Calophyllum inophyllum 25-50 45-70%
Madhuca indica 30-200 28-38%
Holigarna grahamii 25-40 25-35%
Jatropha curcas 0.5-2.0 30-35%
Madhuca neriifolia 20-30 20-30%
Mimusops elengi 40-60 25-30%
Palaquirum elliptium 25-50 25-35%
Pterygota alata 30-40 30-40%
Seleropyrum pentandrum 10-20 40-50%
Saraca asoca 20-35 40-45%
Sterculia guttata 30-40 30-45%
Mesua ferrea 40-100 40-50%
Naturally available oil yielding species

11. Name of the
species
Flowering Fruiting Duration of
harvest
Pongamia pinnata May-June January to March 2-3 months
Jatropha March –
September
April- May and
October-November
One month each
in two times a
year
Madhuca March april July- August 1-2 months
Neem March April June July 2-3 months
Simarouba February April-May 1-2 monhts
Amoora September-
January
November- April 5-6 monhts
Calophyllum March - May October-
November
2 monhts
Flowering and fruiting period of selected species

12. UAS Bangalore – Back ground activities
 Concept initiated in 1995 for introduction of tree
borne oil seed crops (TBO)
 Documented 95 non edible oil yielding species in the
state
 Selection of high yielders with high oil content in
selected species across the state-1998
 Suitability of species for distinct agro climatic regions
2001 based on the performance
 Establishment of orchards mother plants initiated in
2002

13. • Peoples participation in recognizing high yielders across
the state – Milk union members 2004
• Establishment of first trial model at Doddaballapur –
Bangalore north involving a cluster of 72 villages with milk
union groups
• Success of the model in growing, collection, marketing
and value addition
• Development of a mega model for implementing the
program on a large scale with District as a target

14. BIOFUEL PARK , MADENUR,
HASSAN
University of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore

15. BIO FUEL PARK, HASSAN- A MEGA
MODEL
• Objective: To develop a center of excellence with capability to
provide complete information and model for production of bio
fuels across the state in varied agro climatic situations
• Phase I - 5 years from 2007 onwards
selection of the location:
•Very diverse environmental
conditions Rainfall pattern 450
-7000 mm
•Altitudinal range from 300 -
1600 m
•Varied soil types, diverse
crops,
•diverse vegetation types

16. Sl. No. Land utilization Area in ha Per cent
1 Geographical area of Hassan district 662602 100
2 Forest 58164 8.77
3 Not available for
cultivation
Not available for cultivation 77989 11.77
Barren 30359 4.58
4 Uncultivated Cult waste 11117 1.67
Per pasture 33358 5.03
Tree grown 6312 0.952
5 Fallow Cultivable fallow 43497 6.56
Other fallow 26369 3.98
6 Net sown 370437 55.91
7 Total cropped area 414017 62.48
8 Area sown more than once 43580 6.58
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF THE DISTRICT LAND THE
LAND RESOURCES OF HASSAN DISTRICT

17. LAND HOLDING PATTERN OF THE FARMERS IN THE DISTRICT
Sl.
No.
Farmer / land holding Extent Number /
Area
Per cent
1 Marginal farmers
less than 1 ha
Number 288279 66.11
Area 119167 26.474
2 Small farmers
1-2 ha
Number 96314 22.08
Area 134317 29.83
3 Semi Medium farmers
2-4 ha
Number 38623 8.857
Area 102810 22.84
4 Medium farmers
4-10 ha
Number 11362 2.60
Area 63435 14.09
5 Large farmers 10 ha
and above
Number 1481 0.3396
Area 30399 6.753
6 Total Number 436059 100
Area 450128 100

18. BIOFUEL PARK, HASSAN AT A GLANCE
Project initiated from May, 2007
Established in the district of Hassan with variety of Agro
climatic conditions -- Malnad, Transition zone, dry and semi
arid hills and plains.
Covering 2559 villages
28,000 ha of waste lands and marginal lands of the district to
be covered without interfering in the agricultural land.
Establishment of oil expelling units in each taluk.
Establishment of a model Bio-diesel unit at Madenur, Hassan
Bio-ethanol production from agricultural wastes, sugarcane
and sweet sorghum at Madenur.
Establishment of bio fuel driven power generation units of
One MW capacity in two locations

19. Interaction
with Farmers

22. Biofuel Associations

24. Jatropha curcas Pongamia pinnata
Madhuca indica
Simarauba glauca
Azadirhacta indica
Prominent Species
Aphanamyxis polystachya

25. Calophyllum inophyllum

26. Mesua ferrea Garcinia indica

27. Veteria indica Sterculia urens Sterculia guttata

28. Amoora rohituka

29. Seeds
Simarouba Jatropha
Pongamia
Neem
Mohua

30. Nursery Activities

32. Awareness programme in Schools

37. Planting Programme

40. Oil expeller running on single phase crushing
10-15 kg seeds / hr

42. Market network
• Market network on the lines of milk union- a proven
model in the state and many parts of the country
• Assured purchase and price policy
• Provide linkage with user industries
• Provide maximum benefits to farming community

44. Interactions at Melas

49. Achievements
2050 villages covered for data inventory.
14,85,000 seedlings of five bio-fuel crop species (viz.,
Honge, Mohua, Neem, Jatropha and Simarouba)
Planted in17500 acres equivalent (bunds, margins, waste
lands, ravines, community lands etc.)
1335 Awareness meetings and training programs held at
villages and at Madenur centre
About 106500 farmers and interested people participated
in the program with 40% accounting for women
participants.
Complete bio-fuel village with every household planted bio-
fuel species – 70 villages.
Market linkages being made for sale of bio-diesel feedstock
with assured price and purchase of bio-diesel by KSRTC,
Southern Railways and other agencies in progress.
470 Oil seeds growers & collectors associations are formed.

50. Achievements
The district is expected to produce seeds and oil expelled would
value at Rs.25-30 crores by 2013-14- evaluated by Sweedish
agency at Rs.60 crores in 2012 ?
 Self employment generation to each house hold 15-30 man
days every year
 Use of by products in villages to benefit agriculture
 Seed processing
Oil : 30% for fuel
Cake : 65%c major by product
Used in biogas unit to producing 250 lts biogas/kg
use of slurry as manure
Part of the oil cake as animal feed
Major part as manure reducing use of chemical
fertilizer

51. Mini biodiesel unitBiodiesel unit

52. Model for use of Bio fuel (oil) in villages
ex: village of 100 house hold with about 200 ha of land in a
village @ rate of 10 trees / ha along borders/ hedges
= 2000 trees (average yield @ 10 years >30 kg /tree
Produce =2000 x 15 kg seeds/ tree =30000 kg of seeds
Oil @30% = 9000 kgs
The oil can meet the power requirement of village for 300
days in a year lighting for 5 hrs a day, drinking water for
the village, school and primary health care
Trans esterification process : produce biodiesel being
used by community in all their agriculture
machineries, transport vehicles etc.