This document discusses three types of surface irrigation methods: border strip irrigation, check basin irrigation, and furrow irrigation. For each method, it describes what it is, when it is used, and key design aspects. Border strip irrigation uses long, graded strips separated by bunds to guide water down a field. Check basin irrigation uses rectangular plots surrounded by levees to pond water for crops that require submergence. Furrow irrigation uses small channels between ridges to irrigate row crops. The document provides details on layout, sizing, construction, and maintenance considerations for each method.

1. DESIGN ASPECTS IN
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION,
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION &
FURROW IRRIGATION METHOD
PREPARED BY - TILVA RAJ
KOYANI UMANG
JADEJA DEVRATSINH
DODIYA RAVI
CHAROLA ANAND

2. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

3. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
 WHAT IT IS ?
 Borders are long,
uniformly graded strips of
land , seperated by earth
bunds.

4. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
 WHAT IT IS ?
 In contrast to basin irrigation these bunds are not to contain the
water for ponding but to guide it as it flows down the field.
 In contrast to furrows these bunds are prevents lateral movement
of water within the bunds where as furrows are provided for lateral
percolation of the water in the sub soil directly.

5. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHEN it USED ?
Larger merchanized farms
Where machines operations are involved in agriculture
Less suited to small scale farms involving hand labour or animal
powered cultivation methods.
Uniform slope(min. 0.05% and max. 2% slope)
Deep homogenous loam or clay of medium infiltration rate.
For close growing crops

6. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
Border layout
The dimensions and shape of borders are influenced by the
soil type,
stream size,
slope,
irrigation depth and
other factors such as farming practices and field or
farm size.

7. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

8. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

9. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
IRRIGATING BORDERS
BORDERS ARE IRRIGATED BY DIVERTING A STREAM OF WATER
FROM THE CHANNEL TO THE UPPER END OF THE BORDER.
ON CLAY SOILS(INFLOW STOPPED AT 60% OF THE BORDER)
ON LOAMY SOILS(IT IS AT 70% - 80% OF BORDER)
ON SANDY SOILS(ENTIRE BORDER COVERED)

10. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
INFILTRATION RATE & STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL

11. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
INFILTRATION RATE & STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE

12. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
CROSS-SLOPE OF BORDER
if the land is not properly graded
and there is a cross-slope,the
irrigation water will not spread
evenly over the field.
it will flow down the slope always
seeking the lowest side of the
border.(as shown in fig.)

13. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF BORDERS
BORDERS ARE KEPT FREE FROM WEEDS.
 UNIFORMLY SLOPED BORDERS
FREQUENT BUND REPAIRATION
CHANNEL AND DRAINS ARE TO BE WEEDED REGULARLY

14. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

15. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Check basins are
rectangular or square
small plots surrounded by
levees or checks.

16. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHEN It USED ?
Crops roots which required submergence in water for periods
longer than 24 hours.
i.e.Potatoes,beet,carrots,rise,citrus,banana,clover, tobacco.
The flatter the land surface,the easy to construct basins.
It is also possible to construct basins on sloping land,even when
the slope is quite steep.

17. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
BASIN LAYOUT
Basin layout not only refers to the shape and size of the basins
but also to the shape and size of the bunds.
♠ What is the shape of the basin : Square,rectangular or irregular ?
♠ How high should be the bund be : 10,50 or 100cm?
♠ What is the shape of bund?

18. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠ BASIN WIDTH
Main limitation of basin width is land
slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin width
1)depth of fertile soil
2)method of basin construction
3)agricultural practices

19. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠ BASIN SIZE
Main limitation of basin width is land slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin SIZE
1)soil type
2)available water flow to the basin
3)land slope

20. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS

21. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHAT IS BUNDS ?
Bunds are earth embankments which contain irrigation water
within basins.
They are sometimes called ridges,dykes,or levees.
The height is governed by
1) irrigation depth
2) free board

22. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
TEMPORARY BUND

23. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
 PERMANENT BUND

24. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
BASIN CONSTRUCTION
1) SETTING OUT OF THE
MARKERS

25. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
BASIN CONSTRUCTION
2) MARKING A
CONTOUR LINE

26. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
BASIN CONSTRUCTION
3) MAKING THE BUNDS BY
WOODEN FRAME &
SMOOTHING THE LAND

27. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
IRRIGATING BASINS
1) DIRECT METHOD

28. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
IRRIGATING BASINS
2) CASCADE METHOD

29. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF BASINS
 Erosion control is made which may be caused by
rainfall,flooding or the passing of people when used as footpaths
Rats may dig holes in the sides of the bunds.
Levelling of basins also required at regular time.

30. FURROW IRRIGATION

31. FURROW IRRIGATION
 WHAT IT IS ?
 Furrows are small,parallel
channels,made to carry
water in order to irrigate
the crop.
 The crop is usually grown
on the ridges between the
furrows.

32. FURROW IRRIGATION
 WHEN IT USED ?
 Furrow irrigation is suitable for many crops,especially row crops.
 Crops that would be damaged if their stems or crown should be
irrigated by furrows.
 I.E. Maize,sunflower,sugarcane,soybean,tomatoes,wheat,
Vegetables,potatoes,citrus,grapes
 Land slope does not exceed 0.5%.

33. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
 FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW LENGTH
( CLAY: 300 TO 400 m
SAND: 60 to 300 m )
1) SLOPE
2) SOIL TYPE
3) STREAM SIZE
4) IRRIGATION DEPTH
5) FIELD LENGTH

34. FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW LENGTH

35. FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW LENGTH

36. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SHAPE
STABLE





Shape is either
u-shaped,
V-shaped,
Parabolic shaped or
Trapezoidal shaped

37. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SHAPE
 LATERAL INFILTRATION IS HIGH

38. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SIZE
 For low permeability of soils
wide and shallow furrow is preferred.
 For highly permeable soils
narrow and deep furrows is provided.
 Furrows of 75mm to 125 mm depth are provided for ROW
crops.

39. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
 FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW SPACING
1) SOIL TYPE

SANDY (30-60 cm,
30 cm for coarse and
60 cm for sand)

CLAY
(75-150 cm)
 Normally 1 m-2 m is provided

40. FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW CONSTRUCTION

41. FURROW IRRIGATION
 FURROW CONSTRUCTION

42. FURROW IRRIGATION
 WETTING PATTERNS

43. FURROW IRRIGATION
 IDEAL WETTING PATTERN

44. FURROW IRRIGATION
 SPACING OF FURROWS

45. FURROW IRRIGATION
 STREAM SIZE
 1) STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL

46. FURROW IRRIGATION
 STREAM SIZE
 1) STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE

47. FURROW IRRIGATION
 PLANTING TECHNIQUES

48. FURROW IRRIGATION
 PLANTING TECHNIQUES

49. FURROW IRRIGATION
 PLANTING TECHNIQUES

50. FURROW IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF furrows
 water should be reach the d/s end of all furrows is regularly
checked.
There should be no dry places or spots where water stays
ponding.
Overtopping of ridges should not occur.
Field channels and drains should be kept free from weeds.

51. Thank you