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Tanvir Sultana, M, PKSF.ppt

This document discusses agricultural technology and its role in sustainable growth and development in Bangladesh. It notes that agricultural technologies include new crop varieties, improved management practices, and agricultural machinery. The use of such technologies has increased employment, incomes, productivity and food security in Bangladesh. However, to increase agricultural productivity sustainably, the country needs to improve resource use efficiency, farmers' skills and education, incentives for technology adoption, and manage social impacts. The government and private sector are taking various initiatives to disseminate technologies and support farmers, but challenges remain around soil fertility, irrigation, and research-extension linkages.

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Technology for Sustainable Growth and Development Tanvir Sultana Manager (Operations); PKSF
Topic focused on Agricultural Technology Agricultural Technologies refers to the tools and machinery that are used primarily or entirely in order to support agricultural enterprise. Types of agricultural technologies are – New Varieties Improved Management Practices Agricultural machinery
Agricultural Technology can… • Increased employment opportunities and higher wage rates. • Allowed farmers to cut their units costs of production by using of new varieties, fertilizer, expansion of irrigation. • Increase cropping intensity and changes cropping patterns. • Improved varieties with increased vitamin content that contribute to the reduction of human disease. • Longer cropping seasons to regulate food supply and reduce the number of months that households go hungry • Improved storage and processing to extend the shelf-life of food and reduce waste. • Overcome major inequalities in access to land.
Increase Agricultural Productivity in a sustainable way should be based on • improving resource productivity by reorganizing production processes and managing resources more efficiently; • increasing the use of intellectual capital as a production input; • up-grading farmers’ levels of education and farming skills; • creating an environment and incentives conducive to farmers’ adoption of appropriate technology; • implementing safeguards against negative environmental effects; and • managing the resulting social adjustment processes
Projection of Structural Change Percentage share of GDP Sectors Average (FY 04-FY10) Target FY 2015 Target FY 2021 Agriculture 19.5 15.5 15.0 Industry 28.0 32.0 37.0 Of which Manufacturing 17.3 21.1 28.0 Service 52.5 52.5 48.0 Source: BBS and Vision 2021
How Big is Bangladesh’s Agriculture • Cropping Intensity-191% • Cultivated area is decreasing at 0.43% but no. of small farms increasing at 2% per year • Average farm size is 0.5ha, which is decreasing but no sign of decreasing productivity • High degree of land fragmentation 3.2 plots per farm, average size of plots 0.16 ha. • Non farm household number is increasing at 7% per year • Irrigated land 61% • Homestead agriculture is becoming important.
For Sustainable Agricultural Development Need……. • Financial Support • Technical Support • Technology New Variety Innovate new strategy for management practies Cropping System Machinery
Support for……. Small and Marginal Farmers and Sharecroppers Small and Medium Entrepreneur Small Service Providers whom are involved in Agriculture Ultra poor people who are involved in agricultural activities
Why they are They are very much productive They are efficient Early adopter in new technology Leading Investor in agricultural production Lack of Capital Because
Government’s recent interventions Farmers database and Farmers Inputs Support Card to 1 Crore 82 Lakh farmers. Increased subsidy on Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizer, diesel, electricity, seeds) Farmer friendly agricultural credit policy 1 Crore 82 Lakh farmers’ new bank accounts being opened Enhanced Agricultural rehab grants to victims of natural calamities Support for accelerated mechanization of agriculture Surface water irrigation
Initiatives Taken by research institutions • BRRI has released salt tolerant, submerge-tolerant , drought tolerant, salt-cold-drought tolerant rice varieties using gene- marker technology. Short duration varieties are also innovated by BRRI. • BARI is working with growing high value vegetables, wheat, maize and flower esp. heat tolerant wheat and tomato varieties, develop large number of farm machinery. • BINA released short duration crops helps to reduce food scarcity in monga-prone areas and generate employment. • BADC multiply the seed varieties • DAE disseminated modern technologies and effective agricultural extension services to the farmers, providing training, field demonstration.
Initiatives Taken by private Companies • IFDC- priority focus on soil fertility management, agribusiness and fertilizer sector development. • Bengal Meat offer top manufacturers of fresh, hygienic and halal meat (cattle, goat and sheep) in the local and international market. • BRAC has developed a popular maize hybrid from imported lines • BRAC, Lal Teer, and other companies breed vegetables including bottle, snake, sweet, and bitter gourds from both imported and local genetic materials; • BRAC and at least one private company breed hybrid rice, using materials from the IRRI and BRRI.
Inline with GoB initiatives MFIs are providing  Loan support  Capacity building training  Technology dissemination  Value Chain Development  Livestock insurance
Agricultural Loan Disbursed by MFIs is gradually increasing Tk. in Crore 10/7/2022 14 Sector 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011* 2012* 2013* Total Loan Disbursed 24170 34910 47360 132650 168940 147480 31260 37910 56310 Agriculture Loan disbursed 5950 9170 11770 30470 41330 47620 15040 17450 26510 Agriculture (%) 24.63% 26.3% 24.9% 22.9% 24.5% 32.29% 48.1% 46.04% 47.08% a) Crop (%) 7.6% 9.8% 9.9% 10.8% 12.1% 16.99% 37.13% 34.32% 34.13% b) Livestock (%) 13.8% 13.1% 11.8% 9.4% 9.3% 11.43% 6.09% 5.69% 9.37% c) Fisheries(%) 3.3% 3.3% 3.1% 2.8% 3.1% 3.86% 4.88% 6.03% 3.57% Source: Bangladesh Microfinance Statistics; Credit Development Forum (CDF) and InM. * Excluding GB
Capacity Building Training 1. Crop Related Training 2. Non-crop Related Training 3. Specialized Training Training for Beneficiary Training for POs’ Staffs Technology Use and Management Related Training
Urea Super Granule (USG) •Production of rice increased by 15-20 % •Decreased urea application by 20-30%
Porous Pipe (AWD Method) 26 Saves 20-25% water over traditional method
Pheromone Trap Controlled insect infestation in Brinjal/Gourds by 80% . Reduced cost (50-70%) of insecticides application.
Vermi compost • Brings back natural fertility of soil • No chemical fertilizer are required • Absorbs and retains rain water in soil • Year round availability • Reduce, reuse, recycle • Non polluting • Profitable commercial business
Summer Tomato 10/7/2022 20 13.17 ton/acre; Net Profit- ~Tk. 3.0 lakh
Maria Model Production increased by 10-15 %
Solar power irrigation system will save 760 MW power and 800 million liter diesel every year if the conventional power and diesel run irrigation pumps are converted into solar power.
Mechanization of farming • Irrigation was the first operation that was mechanized • Tillage was the next operation that was mechanized • Power thresher has been developed to thresh bulk production of rice and it is estimated that more than 60 thousand are in use in the country. • Entire maize shelling is done by power corn sheller. • Rice transplanter, reaper and combine harvester became cost effective farmer using these during sowing/planting and harvesting time.
Some agricultural machineries that are used in different stage of crop cultivation
Value Chain Development
Livestock Insurance Protect the farmers from their financial losses due to death of cows Farmer is provided maximum up to tk.35000/= as a compensation against the premium of tk.200 Ensure the livestock treatment for insured cows, necessary immunization and medicines are supplied About 200,000 number of cows have been insured under this livestock insurance No. Insured cattle died- 983 and claim has been settled by the Premium
Information Communication Technology Agricultural Call Centre Provide agricultural information to the farmer according to their need Ensure gaining information related to agriculture, livestock, fisheries, nutrition and weather Easy communication with specialized agriculturist Agricultural Counseling Centre New idea and technologies can disseminate to the farmers and farm owners To decrease the distance between farmer and technical To give easy excess to the technical knowledge for the farmers To develop self confidence of the farmers Mobile Cinema Van
0 100 200 300 400 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 301.17 322.57 335.41 337.97 338.14 8.49 9.69 9.72 9.95 12.55 7.3 8.87 15.52 19.54 21.78 Crop Wheat Maize Food Grain Production In lakh MT Contributes 13.09% to the Total GDP, 47.5% labor force involved in Agriculture Remarkable progress has been done mainly because • Use of green Revolution Technology (HYV, fertilizers, irrigation and pesticide) coupled with growth of institutional infrastructure • Appropriate use of production inputs under favourable climatic conditions
Challenges • Ensuring Food Security at national, household and individual level • Decline in soil fertility and lose of land and water resources • Non availability of quality seed • Lack of maintenance of soil fertility • Lack of irrigation coverage • Lack of linkage between research extension linkages
Strategies • Diversification of Agricultural crops • Priority attention in planned crop intensification • Motivate farmers to use recommended doses of chemical fertilizer and use of organic fertilizer • Proper utilization of soil guide and soil testing facilities • Ecological favourable months may be devoted for growing high profit non rice crops • Efficient management of seed beds and adoption of the System of Rice in Intensification (SRI) for reducing yield gap • Distribution of Khas land to the landless and marginal farmers in rental basis
Number of poultry and livestock 2213.94 2280.35 2346.86 2428.66 2490 495.58 506.52 516.66 528.36 532.11 412.34 426.77 441.2 457 472.53 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Chicken livestock Duck Contributes 1.84% to the Total GDP Main growth drivers are supply of improving breed, feed fodder, veterinary health services, small holder farmers and private sector investment.
Challenges • Restriction of breeds and livestock breeding programme. inappropriate organizational setup with inadequate extension manpower, • No land especially is ear-marked for animal grazing and fodder production • inadequate animal health care services, • limited diseases diagnostic and research facilities, • preponderance of emerging and re-emerging diseases, • shortage in preventive and curative inputs supply, • increasing population and food safety issues, • poor investment and weak value chain, weak research- extension linkages.
Major potentials are • Livelihood development tools for poor and pro poor employment and income generation poverty reduction, nutrition, food security and safety, and social safeguards, • Export earnings, rising demand and scope of increased productivity. • Some comparative advantages over crop, fishery and forestry as they require less land, small capital and is least influenced by seasonal changes
Fish Production Trend In lakh MT 0 5 10 15 20 Capture Culture Marine Fisheries 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 GDP contribution 3.68% Fish production has increased through pond aquaculture using hatchery- reared fish fingerlings, conversion of fish pond by raising embankments around low laying lands. Production of capture fisheries has stagnated because of underinvestment in fishing in the flood plains
Challenges • Genetic degradation in crap and other farmed fish species • Decline in the growth of inland open water fisheries • Depletion of resources and degradation of public water bodies and habitat • Low productivity of aquaculture fish and brackish water shrimp
Strategies for Development High priority given to closed water fisheries production Increasing fresh water, (rather than brackish water) golda production in coastal areas. Potential use of cage culture in flood plains, with individual ownership. Emphasis on supply of inputs and promotion of technical knowledge among the educated youth, in pond and other closed water bodies culture. Breed development, feed production and supply, extension and supply of veterinary services, including vaccinations, shall be promoted. Ensuring quality fish seed and quality fish feed towards the fish farmer
Agricultural growth and poverty reduction • Direct and relative immediate impact of improved agricultural performance on rural incomes. • Impact of cheaper food for both rural and urban poor. • Contributes to growth and the generation of economic opportunity in the non-farm sector. • Shift away from being primarily agricultural towards a broader base of manufacturing and services.
Sustainable issues of technology • If new technologies are not carefully managed, they can create additional demand on resources which may simply not be sustainable in the future. • Poorly managed irrigation has led to falling water tables, salinisation and other problems. • Modern crop varieties have frequently displaced many local varieties. But the relationship of these changes to overall genetic diversity is difficult to unravel.
Recommendations • Modern high techs in agriculture that are available in Bangladesh are need to adopt judiciously • Develop climate impact modules that give a better understanding of how climate change may affect total agriculture sector at local level in order to be well prepared. • Establish storage and cold storage facilities • Use organic fertilizer to safeguard soil health • Develop market for agro commodities for both local and export market • Escalating women’s participation in agricultural farming • Development modern testing facilities and accreditation • Introduce Micro Insurance • ICT for extension will be widely used for regular forecasting
Thank You