Biochar is a solid material made from pyrolysis of biomass that can be added to soils. It improves soil fertility and quality by holding carbon long-term, boosting food security, and reducing emissions. Research shows biochar helps agricultural productivity and is measurable in its effects, though some studies question benefits to Australian soils and there are uncertainties around feedstock availability and deployment approaches. Overall, biochar has environmental benefits and does not disrupt communities when used properly.
Biochar for sustainable land management and climate change mitigationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Annette Cowie, from UNCCD – SPI - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Biochar for sustainable land management and climate change mitigationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Annette Cowie, from UNCCD – SPI - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment.
Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration.Biochar thus has the potential to help mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration. Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases.
Biochar is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. It is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 350-600°C in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. The objective of this review is to show how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. This review summarized the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized and possible mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed to verify the mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.
Biochar is fine-grained or granular charcoal made by heating vegetative biomass, bones, manure solids, or other plant-derived organic residues in an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment and used as a soil amendment for agricultur- al and environmental purposes.
It is a new word to describe fine-grained, highly porous charcoal made from biological material (biomass), high in organic carbon. This excludes fossil fuel products, geological carbon and industrial synthetics (plastics).
Biochar is pyrolysed feedstock under limited or no supply of O2 (Lehmann and Joseph, 2009)
This concept comes from-Terra Preta- ancient soils of the Amazon. (Glaser et al., 2001 and 2002; Lehmann, 2007).
Regarding Biochar and its applications and various products of Biochar used for soil quality enhancement, Biochar Market and global trend.
Feedstocks used for Biochar production. Biochar Production process.
Different byproducts of the Biochar production process are discussed. Biochar production is a Carbon NET ZERO process. Process of Biochar production, Pyrolysis is explained in the ppt. Different products which are produced by biochar producing companies specially with the purpose of soil quality enhancement is also discussed. Different byproducts of pyrolysis are also mentioned. Biochar market and its upward trend in coming years is discussed. Different feedstocks which can be utilized for the biochar production are added in slides. How biochar can be used for waste management and climate change mitigation is explained in the slides. Use of Biochar is explained in special context of Soil quality enhancement.
Energy production using Biochar is also explained. Biochar startups and their products are also explained. Biochar publications are also added in the slides.
CAN BIOCHAR AMENDMENTS IMPROVE SOIL QUALITY AND REDUCE CO2? A Climate Change ...Jenkins Macedo
ABSTRACT
Variations in rainfall, increased mean surface temperature, persistent drought, reduced soil moisture and nutrient, and crop failures have all been evidently linked to anthropogenic-induced climate change, which impacts food security. Agricultural soils can be used to reduce atmospheric CO2 by altering the physicochemical composition of soil organic matter through biochar soil amendments. This study draws on current literature published online, in peer review journal articles, books, and conference proceedings to assess the implications of biochar soil amendments to enhance soil quality, while reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Building on the critical analytical approach, biochar use as soil amendments have been tested to have promising environmental potential, which improves soil quality and quantity thereby enhancing soil moisture status and reduces atmospheric CO2. Analyses of biochar amended soils in terrestrial ecosystems reduces about 12% of the total Carbon (C) emitted through anthropogenic land use change. Biochar amended soil systems are dependable in tracing and quantifying sequestered C and can stay in the soil for thousands of years. The challenge with biochar as soil amendments is the type of biomass that can yield high quality biochar through the pyrolysis process.
Key words: Biochar, amendments, regenerative agriculture, food security, climate change, atmospheric CO2, pyrolysis, Carbon, soil moisture.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Benefits of Soil Organic Carbon - an overviewExternalEvents
The presentation was given by Mr. Niels H. Batjes, ISRIC, during the GSOC Mapping Global Training hosted by ISRIC - World Soil Information, 6 - 23 June 2017, Wageningen (The Netherlands).
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
It is about the importance of Soil carbon.The ways for enhancing the soil carbon and how these soil carbon changes over period of time under different land use systems.
Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment.
Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration.Biochar thus has the potential to help mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration. Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases.
Biochar is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. It is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 350-600°C in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. The objective of this review is to show how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. This review summarized the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized and possible mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed to verify the mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.
Biochar is fine-grained or granular charcoal made by heating vegetative biomass, bones, manure solids, or other plant-derived organic residues in an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment and used as a soil amendment for agricultur- al and environmental purposes.
It is a new word to describe fine-grained, highly porous charcoal made from biological material (biomass), high in organic carbon. This excludes fossil fuel products, geological carbon and industrial synthetics (plastics).
Biochar is pyrolysed feedstock under limited or no supply of O2 (Lehmann and Joseph, 2009)
This concept comes from-Terra Preta- ancient soils of the Amazon. (Glaser et al., 2001 and 2002; Lehmann, 2007).
Regarding Biochar and its applications and various products of Biochar used for soil quality enhancement, Biochar Market and global trend.
Feedstocks used for Biochar production. Biochar Production process.
Different byproducts of the Biochar production process are discussed. Biochar production is a Carbon NET ZERO process. Process of Biochar production, Pyrolysis is explained in the ppt. Different products which are produced by biochar producing companies specially with the purpose of soil quality enhancement is also discussed. Different byproducts of pyrolysis are also mentioned. Biochar market and its upward trend in coming years is discussed. Different feedstocks which can be utilized for the biochar production are added in slides. How biochar can be used for waste management and climate change mitigation is explained in the slides. Use of Biochar is explained in special context of Soil quality enhancement.
Energy production using Biochar is also explained. Biochar startups and their products are also explained. Biochar publications are also added in the slides.
CAN BIOCHAR AMENDMENTS IMPROVE SOIL QUALITY AND REDUCE CO2? A Climate Change ...Jenkins Macedo
ABSTRACT
Variations in rainfall, increased mean surface temperature, persistent drought, reduced soil moisture and nutrient, and crop failures have all been evidently linked to anthropogenic-induced climate change, which impacts food security. Agricultural soils can be used to reduce atmospheric CO2 by altering the physicochemical composition of soil organic matter through biochar soil amendments. This study draws on current literature published online, in peer review journal articles, books, and conference proceedings to assess the implications of biochar soil amendments to enhance soil quality, while reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Building on the critical analytical approach, biochar use as soil amendments have been tested to have promising environmental potential, which improves soil quality and quantity thereby enhancing soil moisture status and reduces atmospheric CO2. Analyses of biochar amended soils in terrestrial ecosystems reduces about 12% of the total Carbon (C) emitted through anthropogenic land use change. Biochar amended soil systems are dependable in tracing and quantifying sequestered C and can stay in the soil for thousands of years. The challenge with biochar as soil amendments is the type of biomass that can yield high quality biochar through the pyrolysis process.
Key words: Biochar, amendments, regenerative agriculture, food security, climate change, atmospheric CO2, pyrolysis, Carbon, soil moisture.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Benefits of Soil Organic Carbon - an overviewExternalEvents
The presentation was given by Mr. Niels H. Batjes, ISRIC, during the GSOC Mapping Global Training hosted by ISRIC - World Soil Information, 6 - 23 June 2017, Wageningen (The Netherlands).
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
It is about the importance of Soil carbon.The ways for enhancing the soil carbon and how these soil carbon changes over period of time under different land use systems.
gli impianti di gassificazione producono energia elettrica e termica dalle biomasse, con layout personalizzato accettano biomasse eterogenee e livelli di umidità elevati,scopri di più sul sito www.rmimpiantisrl.it
Pyrolysis is an thermostatically method of obtaining fuels from plastic waste by incineration process.
in this ppt i have tried to make an approach that if you want to explain your topic than how you can express yourself.
This start from literature review and followed by importance , aim , objective process , and the conclusion of the topic.
hope it will helpful to you .
Hugh McLaughlin - Biochar Workshop
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Sunday November 23rd, 2014
A quick summary of results of experiments in open burn techniques to minimize smoke and maximize charcoal production. Experiments were conducted by volunteers over a 3 day period, November 15-17, 2013, outside of Grants Pass, Oregon.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuel.cenusa brown 5-25-12eXtension Farm Energy
Dr. Robert Brown is a foremost expert and author on biomass conversion processes with the CenUSA project and the Bioeconomy Institute at Iowa State University. In this presentation he focuses on using thermochemical processes for production of liquid biofuels. Discussion of: feedstocks, renewable fuels tegnologies, gasification and pyrolysis, products and by-products, energy efficiency, opportunities and challenges, biochar.
Microalgal applications for biofuel productionSAIMA BARKI
Finding alternate to fossil fuels and 21st century,,
The use of microalgae as an alternate for fossil fuel, need of hour not because of political concerns but because required for the food security of next generations.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
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After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
2. WHAT IS
BIOCHAR?
A solid material derived from the
carbonisation of biomass. It is a fine-
grained charcoal made by pyrolysis.
3.
4. HOW VALUABLE IS BIOCHAR?
Biochar is a powerfully simple tool to
fight global warming. Transfers
agricultural waste into a soil enhancer
that can hold carbon, boost food
security, and discourage deforestation.
(Biochar International 2012)
5. Soils
• Can be added to soils to improve fertility
• Reduce emissions from biomass.
• Improves water quality and quantity
6. Measurable & Verifiable
It is measurable and verifiable in a
characterisation scheme.
(Biochar International 2012)
7. Agriculture
• Help improve agricultural productivity
• Valuable resource
• Value-added product for urban and rural
• agriculture and forest communities
• Reduces forest fires
• Creates jobs
(Sustainable, Obtainable Solutions 2009)
8. Agriculture
(Continued)
Biochar is considered by many
scientists to be the "black gold" for
agriculture (Ansari, p. 1 of 1 2009)
9. HARMFULNESS
• Not enough research proves biochar will
be valuable to Australian soils (The Bio Energy
Website 2012).
• Feedstock availability
• Biochar handling
• Biochar system deployment
(Bracmort, KS 2009)
11. In Summary……..
• Biochar reduces emission gases
• Numerous benefits to soils
• Measurable and verifiable
• Improves agricultural productivity
• Research gaps are still evident
• Holds strong ethics to it’s people.
DIALOGUE:Good Day. I am from Murrumbidgee Landcare Inc. and my name is Candice Gouck. I will be presenting a short proposal of a Biochar project. I will be talking about the Biochar itself and what value it will be bring to our organisation. The benefits, objectives and risks will also be discussed.
DIALOGUE:Biochar is a solid material derived from the carbonisation of biomass. Biochar may be added to soils with the intention to improve soil functions and to reduce emissions from biomass that would otherwise naturally degrade to greenhouse gases. Biochar also has appreciable carbon sequestration value. These properties are measurable and verifiable in a characterisation scheme, or in a carbon emission offset protocol. Biochar is the solid remains of any organic material that has been heated to at least 250°C in a zero-oxygen or oxygen-limited environment, which is intended to be mixed with soils. If the solid remains are not suitable for addition to soils or will be burned as a fuel, the material is char, not biochar. Biochar reduces atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, improves many soils, potentially enhances crop productivity, provides some energy for human use and can be used to safely dispose of certain waste materials (Biochar International 2012).
DIALOGUE:As you can see from the picture on the right, Biochar has many benefits.
DIALOGUE:Sustainable biochar is a powerfully simple tool to fight global warming. The practice has been around for 2,000 years. It converts agricultural waste into a soil enhancer that can hold carbon, boost food security, and discourage deforestation. Sustainable biochar is one of the few technologies that is pretty much inexpensive, widely applicable, and quickly scalable.Pyrolysis means heating biomass (wood, manure, crop residues, solid waste, etc..) with limited to no oxygen in a specially designed furnace that captures all emissions, gasses and oils for reuse as energy (Biochar International 2012).
DIALOGUE:Biochar can be added to soils to improve the soil’s features and reduce emissions from biomass. Biochar improves water quality and quantity by increasing soil retention of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant and crop utilization. More nutrients stay in the soil instead of leaching into groundwater and causing pollution.
DIALOGUE:Biochar also has appreciable carbon sequestration value. These properties are measurable and verifiable in a characterisation scheme, or in a carbon emission offset protocol.
DIALOGUE:From Waste to Income - A once worthless and costly byproduct (in most cultures) is now a valuable resource. Through biochar, biomass becomes a sustainable and value-added product for urban and rural agriculture and forest communities while creating jobs, improving soil and reducing forest fire hazards and has created thousands of new jobs (Sustainable, Obtainable Solutions 2009).
DIALOGUE:Bibens feeds the waste -- called "biomass" -- into an octagonally shaped metal barrel where it is cooked under intense heat, the organic matter is cooked through a thermochemical process called "pyrolysis".In a few hours, organic trash is transformed into charcoal-like pellets farmers can turn into fertilizer. Gasses given off during the process can be harnessed to fuel vehicles of power electric generators.
DIALOGUE:Current knowledge about the effects of adding biochar to Australian agricultural soils is not enough to sustain it’s recommendation. Currently Australia’s Climate Change Research Program did not showe enough proof as to the certainty of biochar saving the environment. However, even though there is this uncertainty, farmers are still making their own biochar which could have negative effects on agricultural production. An environmental sustainability analysis, including a life cycle analysis, will give an indication of the overall impact of biochar use in agricultural situations (Bracmort, KS 2009). As biochar technology is in its early stages of development, scientists in the United States are concerned. Three issues that are important to introducing this type of technology are: feedstock availability, biochar handling, and biochar system deployment.Successful implementation of biochar technology is rooted in the ability of the agricultural community to afford and operate a system that is complementary to current farming practices. The availability of a plentiful feed supply for biochar production is an area for further study. To date, feedstock for biochar has consisted of mostly plant and crop residues, a primary domain of the agricultural community. There may be a role for the forestry community to be involved as woody biomass is deemed a cost-effective, readily available, feasible feedstock. Little is known about the advantages of using manure as a biomass feedstock. Some researchers have stated that manure-based biochar “has advantages over typically used plant-derived material because it is aby-product of another industry and in some regions is considered a waste material with little or no value. It can therefore provide a lower cost base and alleviate sustainability concerns related to using purpose-grown biomass for the process.The spreading of biochar onto soil as a fertilizer is ripe for further exploration. Specifically, theideal time to apply biochar and ensure that it remains in place once applied and does not cause arisk to human health or degrade air quality are concerns.12 Particulate matter, in the form of dustthat is hard for the human body to filter, may be distributed in abnormal quantities if the biocharis mishandled. Additionally, there are potential public safety concerns for the handling of biocharas it is a flammable substance. !Biochar systems are designed based on the feedstock to be decomposed and the energy needs ofan operation. It would be ambitious to expect a “one size fits all” standard biochar system.According to proponents, a series of mass-produced biochar systems designed for the needs of a segment of the agriculture or forestry communities might prove to be feasible (e.g., forestrycommunity in the southeastern region, corn grower community in the midwestern region, poultryproducer community in the mid-Atlantic region). Extensive deployment of biochar systems wouldbe dependent upon system costs, operation time, collaboration with utility providers for the saleof bio-oil, and availability of information about technology reliability.
DIALOGUE:Our proposal is sustainable and can restore degraded land and improve the fertility of soil in an environmentally beneficial way. It is not only of environmental benefit to the Murrumbidgee community, but also to the entire world. This is because it removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is the principle contributor to global warming, and sequesters it in the ground. It also has the potential to reduce damage to riversand oceans causes by fertilizer runoff.
Dialogue:Thank you for listening to our presentation. We appreciate your time and input. Any questions??