Cardiac Interventions in Pediatric Cardiology: The FutureApollo Hospitals
Pediatric Cardiac interventions have come a long way from the initial intervention in the 1950's. Balloon angioplasty
has been accepted as the procedure of choice in several congenital anomalies. Apart from balloon angioplasties/
valvuloplasties, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect (muscular) device closure have been FDA approved
with adequate world wide clinical experience and long-term follow-up. In addition, newer procedures are under
clinical trial for perimembranous VSD device closure in the catheterization lab; per operative closed heart procedure
in the operation theatre or as a hybrid procedure. Palliative procedures like flow restriction to lungs with devices to
equate with surgical pulmonary artery banding; stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus in duct dependent cyanotic
heart disease in the newborn or a combination of these form transcatheter Norwood stage I in the cath lab.
Experience and technology will also help make transcatheter Fontan operation possible and that does not seem too far. The emphasis in pediatric cardiac interventions shall always remain that the decision, procedure, and management of their complications is a joint effort of the surgeon and the interventionalist.
Cardiac Interventions in Pediatric Cardiology: The FutureApollo Hospitals
Pediatric Cardiac interventions have come a long way from the initial intervention in the 1950's. Balloon angioplasty
has been accepted as the procedure of choice in several congenital anomalies. Apart from balloon angioplasties/
valvuloplasties, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect (muscular) device closure have been FDA approved
with adequate world wide clinical experience and long-term follow-up. In addition, newer procedures are under
clinical trial for perimembranous VSD device closure in the catheterization lab; per operative closed heart procedure
in the operation theatre or as a hybrid procedure. Palliative procedures like flow restriction to lungs with devices to
equate with surgical pulmonary artery banding; stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus in duct dependent cyanotic
heart disease in the newborn or a combination of these form transcatheter Norwood stage I in the cath lab.
Experience and technology will also help make transcatheter Fontan operation possible and that does not seem too far. The emphasis in pediatric cardiac interventions shall always remain that the decision, procedure, and management of their complications is a joint effort of the surgeon and the interventionalist.
Il ruolo dell’ecocardiografia nell’ictus acutoPlinio Fabiani
What can we expect from echocardiography in the acute phase of stroke ? We can seek not only for clots in the heart chambers , vegetations adherent to valves, or aortic arch atheromas, but any favorable condition that can facilitate atrial fibrillation , the leading cause of cardioembolic stroke .
12. Ecocardiografia
• Determinare il tipo di difetto e le dimensioni
• Misurare i margini (per chiusura percutanea)
• Valutare l’emodinamica: direzione del flusso,
gradiente trans-settale, sovraccarico dx
• Pressione ventricolare dx da IT
• Funzione biventricolare
• Lesioni associate
43. Fisiopatologia
• Presenza di shunt sx-dx e sovraccarico sx
• DIV piccolo: gradiente di pressione ventricolare
• DIV ampio: uguaglia le pressioni ventricolari
51. DIV pm
• Stretto rapporto con la valvola
aortica
• Frequente
• Possibile chiusura spontanea
• Possibile IP
• Prolasso di cuspide (IA)
• Membrana subaortica
• Stenosi sottopolmonare
56. DIV muscolare
• Frequente
• Possibile chiusura spontanea
• Rara IP
• DIV multipli-formaggio svizzero
ALL’ECO BISOGNA CERCARLO
IN TUTTE LE PROIEZIONI
57.
58.
59. DIV da deviazione del setto conale
CHE PATOLOGIA E’??
COME SARA’ LO SHUNT???
63. ECO-dinamica
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Velocità sullo shunt (Bernoulli)(grad VS-VD)
Curva settale
Velocità IT (PAPs)
Velocità IM (grad AS-VS)
Velocità IP (PAPm e PAPd)
Velocità PFO (grad AS-AD)
VCI (stima PVC)
68. Dotto di Botallo pervio
Non e’ una cardiopatia congenita…
•
•
•
•
•
DBP (persistente) se pervio dopo i 2 mesi
Shunt dx-sx fetale
Alla nascita inversione dello shunt
Vasocostrizione e proliferazione intimale
Legamento arterioso (coartazione ApSx!!!)
84. All’ecocardigramma la proiezione
corretta è la parasternale asse corto
alta. Si parte dall’asse corto efflusso dx
e si sposta la sonda più cranialmente
(stessa proiezione del dotto)