By: Sarchia Khursheed (سەرچیا خورشید)

1. 1
Soran University
Faculty of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department
AZIMUTH ANGLES
Student: Sarchia Khursheed
Group: 2nd
Date: 12.04.2016
Supervisor: Eng. Anwar Jabbar
Introduction

2. 2
The azimuth of an object is the horizontal
angular distance along the horizon to the
location of the object, usually measured
clockwise. By convention, azimuth is measured
from north towards the east along the horizon.
The azimuth angle is like a compass direction
with North = 0° and South = 180°. Other
authors use a variety of slightly different
definitions (i.e., angles of ± 180° and South =
0°).
In plane surveying, azimuths are generally measured from the north,
and are used advantageous in boundary, topographic, control, and
other kinds of surveys, as well as in computations.
Objective
To determine the direction with north and azimuth angles.
Equipment
 Total Station
 Reflector
 Tripod
Procedure
1. First, we select a point on the ground, and setup Total station
on it.
2. At the first point we select the direction of north, and arranging
the direction of Total station with north, by using compass.
3. Next, we select the second point, and set the reflector on it.
4. Then we read the distance and angle between point one and
point two from reflector by reading at Total station.
5. Next, transfer the instrument to the place where there was
reflector which means second point.
6. After that we do some work (step 4 and 5) for another points.

3. 3
Data and Calculation
Readings Angle (Azimuth) Distance (m)
1 > 2 164o44’38” 42.320
2 > 3 33o18’36” 42.341
3 > 4 347o71’69” 37.335
4 > 1 218o97’44” 41.778
Result and Conclusion
In conclusion we know that azimuth defined as a horizontal angle
measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian. Azimuth has
also been more generally defined as a horizontal angle measured
clockwise from any fixed reference plane or easily established base
direction line.
Today the reference plane for an azimuth is typically true north,
measured as a 0° azimuth, though other angular units (grad, mil) can
be used. Moving clockwise on a 360 degree circle, east has azimuth
90°, south 180°, and west 270°. There are exceptions: some
navigation systems use south as the reference vector. Any direction
can be the reference vector, as long as it is clearly defined.
In this procedure by using Total station we determine azimuths of four
points and the distances between them.