Introduction to surveying

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING
PREPARID BY : S.S.SALUNKE.L/CE
B.L.D.E.A s
SHREE
SANGANABASAVAMAHASWAMIJI
POLYTECHNIC

INTRODUCTION TO
SURVEYING
 SURVEYING : It is an art of determining the
absolute and relative position of points, on or
below the earth surface by means of
measurement of distance, direction, elevations.
OBJECTS OF SURVEYING The main primary
object of surveying is to collect precise
information and data for preparation of maps,
plans etc…..
PREPARIED BY :S.S.SALUNKE.L/CE

INTRODUCTION TO
SURVEYING
 PURPOSE OF SURVEYING
1) To locate and measure the property lines.

INTRODUCTION TO
SURVEYING
 To layout buildings, bridges,channels,highwaiy,
sewers, pipelines for construction

INTRODUCTION TO
SURVEYING

PURPOSE OF SURVEYING
 To calculate the distance, areas, and quantities of
various engineering projects
 To establish correctly the boundary points of
property lines etc..
 To fix the national and state boundaries.
 To find out best alignment for canals, roads
railways roadways etc…
 To establish control points

CLASSIFICATION OF
SURVEYING
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NATURE OF
FIELD SURVEY.
1. Land survey
2. Hydrographic survey
3. Astronomical survey

CLASSIFICATION OF
SURVEYING
LAND SURVEYING
Land surveying is carried out to measure
various
objects on land ,its further classified in to,
1. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
2. CADASTRAL SURVEY
3. CITY SURVEY

TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
 This survey is used to locate the topography of
mountains, rivers, roads, railways, etc…

CADASTRAL SURVEY
 This survey is used to fixing the property lines,
calculation of areas, land property and
preparation of revenue maps of state etc…

CITY SURVEY
 This survey is carried out for construction of
roads, streets, water supply lines, sewer lines
etc…

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PURPOSE OF
THE SURVEY.
 ENGINEERING SURVEY
 MILITARY SURVEY
 MINE SURVEY
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ENGINEERING SURVEY
 This survey is carried out to determination of
quantities or collect sufficient data for designing
engineering work,
further its classified in to
• RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
• PRELIMINARY SURVEY
• LOCTION SURVEY

ENGINEERING SURVEY
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
 This is the first engineering survey carried out to
know the details of proposed project . Information
collected during this survey helful in later stage
during execution of work

ENGINEERING SURVEY
PRELIMINARY SURVEY
 The object this survey is to conduct the survey
along the alternative routes found out by the
reconnaissance survey and determine with
greater accuracy, hence this survey carried with
great precision.

ENGINEERING SURVEY
LOCATION SURVEY
 The main object of location survey is to carry out
the detailed survey the route which has been
found and fixed the most economical route from
the data collected in preliminary survey.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY
 MILITARY SURVEY : The survey which are
carried for preparation of maps.
 MINE SURVEY : The survey which are carried for
exploration of minerals form earth like coal, gold,
iron etc
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY : This survey is used to
study the different types of rocks,soils, etc
 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY : This survey is
used to find the ancient culture , old monuments
etc

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
INSTRUMENT USED
 Chain survey
 Compass survey remote sensing survey
 Plane table survey
 Theodolite survey
 Tachometric survey
 EDM survey
 Remote sensing survey

PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF
SURVEYING
 The surveying may primarily divided into two
types
1) PLANE SURVEYING
2) GEODETIC SURVEYING
PLANE SURVEYING : In this type of surveying
the earth surface is assumed to be plane and
curvature of the earth is ignored.
GEODATIC SURVEYING : In this type of surveying
the
earth ‘s curvature is taken in to consideration, this
survey is made with high degree of precision.PREPARIED BY :S.S.SALUNKE.L/CE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANE
AND GEODATIC SURVEY
 PLANE SURVEYING GEODATIC
SURVEYING
 1) Surface of earth is 1) spherical shape of
earth
considered as a plane and taken into account.
the spherical shape is
neglected.
2) All survey line and triangles 2) All survey lines and
triangle are
are considered as plane and considered as
spherical
straight.
3)Small area <250m² 3) Large area >

PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
 The fundamental principles upon which surveying
carried out are
1) Working from Whole to Part
2) To locate a point by at least two measurement.

 WORKING FROM WHOLE TO PART
To achieve this in actual practice a sufficient
number of contol points are established with
higher precision in and around the area to be
surveyed.

 To locate a point by at least two measurement.
object
A B
According to this principle the new station is fixed
by atleast two known fixed reference points
(Linear or Angular)PREPARIED BY :S.S.SALUNKE.L/CE

Introduction to surveying

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