The document presents a project focused on an automatic load-sharing transformer system using Arduino to protect transformers from overload conditions. It outlines the project's objectives, components, and their functions, emphasizing real-time monitoring and efficient load distribution to prevent overheating and ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical facilities. The system offers advantages like increased reliability and efficiency while detailing the application of advanced fault sensing technologies.

1. AUTOMATIC LOAD
SHARING
TRANSFORMER
USING
ARDUINO
KIPM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
GIDA, GORAKHPUR

2. PRESENTED BY :
ABHINAW KUMAR SINGH
DEVESH MODANWAL
UJJWAL VAISH
AKASH CHAURASIYA
KIPM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
GIDA, GORAKHPUR

3. TABLE OF CONTENT
 Introduction
 Project Objective
 Components and Their Uses
a. Arduino UNO
b. LCD I2C Display
c. Adapter
d. Current Sensor
e. Capacitor
f. 1N4007 Diode
g. BC547 Transistor
h. Hook-Up Wires and Jumper
Wires
 Transformer
 Circuit Diagram
 Advantages &
Disadvantages
 Applications

4. Transformers are vital in power systems but need
protection due to overloading from rising electricity
demands, leading to reduced efficiency and costly
damage. This project prevents transformer failure by
connecting an additional transformer in parallel via a
microcontroller and relay to share excess load.
Alternating their operation avoids overheating, while
priority-based load shedding ensures uninterrupted
power for critical facilities like hospitals and industries.
INTRODUCTION

5. OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this project is to protect
transformers from overloaded conditions by effectively
sharing the load between multiple transformers. It
involves measuring the current and load in watts for both
transformers to monitor their operating conditions.
Additionally, the system continuously tracks the loading
on each transformer to ensure balanced operation. It also
calculates the percentage of overload to identify and
prevent potential damage, ensuring efficient and safe
functioning of the transformers.

6. COMPONENTS LIST :
LCD I2C Display
The LCD displays
real-time
information, such
as the current
load on each
transformer and
the percentage of
overload. This
allows users to
monitor the
system's
performance
conveniently.
Arduino UNO
The arduino UNO
serves as the brain of
the system. It
processes data from
current sensors to
monitor the load on
each transformer.
Based on the load
conditions, it activates
relays to connect or
disconnect the
secondary
transformer and
ensures efficient load
sharing
Adaptor
The adapter provides
a stable DC power
supply to the Arduino
and other low-voltage
components,
converting A0C from
the main supply to
the required DC
voltage level

7. Capacitor
The capacitor
smoothens
voltage
fluctuations from
the sensors and
power supply. This
ensures stable
operation of the
Arduino and other
components.
Current Sensors
Current sensors
measure the load in
amps or watts on
both transformers.
This data is sent to
the Arduino, which
uses it to monitor and
calculate overload
conditions.
N4007 Diode
These diodes prevent
reverse current from
flowing back into the
circuit, protecting
sensitive components
like sensors and the
Arduino.
COMPONENTS LIST :

8. Hook-Up Wires
and Jumper
Wires
These wires
establish electrical
connections
between various
components,
ensuring proper
signal and power
flow throughout
the circuit.
BC547 Transistor
The BC547 transistor
can amplify weak
signals from sensors,
ensuring accurate
data is sent to the
Arduino.
Transformers
Transformers handle
the actual power
distribution. The
primary transformer
supplies the load
under normal
conditions, while the
secondary
transformer is
brought into
operation during
overload situations to
share the excess load.
COMPONENTS LIST :

9. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

10. ADVANTAGE
o Protects transformers
from overheating and
damage
o Ensures uninterrupted
power supply.
o Increases system
efficiency and reduces
manual errors.
o Enables cost-effective
long-distance power
transfer.
o Demand growth rate
dependency on
population and
economy.
o Need for advanced
fault current and
surge voltage sensing.
DISADVANATAGE

11. APPLICATIONS
o Protecting transformers from damage.
o Ensuring uninterrupted power supply
for critical sectors like hospitals and
industries.
o Enhancing system efficiency and
reliability.
11

12. CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, this project provides a practical solution to
transformer overloading by implementing an automatic
load-sharing system using Arduino. It ensures efficient
load distribution, real-time monitoring, and uninterrupted
power supply to critical facilities like hospitals. The system
enhances transformer reliability and lifespan while
offering a scalable and cost-effective approach to power
system stability and management.
12

13. Q&A
13

14. THANK
YOU…