early 1871 Belgian inventor Zénobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to produce power on a commercial scale for industry.[1]
In 1878, a hydroelectric power station was designed and built by William, Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England. It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos. The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor-saving devices and farm buildings.[2]
In January 1882 the world's first public coal-fired power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. A Babcock & Wilcox boiler powered a 93 kW (125 horsepower) steam engine that drove a 27-tonne (27-long-ton) generator. This supplied electricity to premises in the area that could be reached through the culverts of the viaduct without digging up the road, which was the monopoly of the gas companies. The customers included the City Temple and the Old Bailey. Another important customer was the Telegraph Office of the General Post Office, but this could not be reached through the culverts. Johnson arranged for the supply cable to be run overhead, via Holborn Tavern and Newgate.[3]
In September 1882 in New York, the Pearl Street Station was established by Edison to provide electric lighting in the lower Manhattan Island area. The station ran until destroyed by fire in 1890. The station used reciprocating steam engines to turn direct-current generators. Because of the DC distribution, the service area was small, limited by voltage drop in the feeders. In 1886 George Westinghouse began building an alternating current system that used a transformer to step up voltage for long-distance transmission and then stepped it back down for indoor lighting, a more efficient and less expensive system which is similar to modern systems. The war of the currents eventually resolved in favor of AC distribution and utilization, although some DC systems persisted to the end of the 20th century. DC systems with a service radius of a mile (kilometer) or so were necessarily smaller, less efficient of fuel consumption, and more labor-intensive to operate than much larger central AC generating stations.early 1871 Belgian inventor Zénobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to produce power on a commercial scale for industry.[1]
In 1878, a hydroelectric power station was designed and built by William, Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England. It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos. The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor-saving devices and farm buildings.[2]
In January 1882 the world's first public coal-fired power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. A Babcock & Wilcox boiler powered a 93 kW (125 horsepower) steam engine that drove a 27-tonne (27-long-ton) generator. This supplk
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent prot...EG TECHNOLOGIES
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent protection of grid--Any details EG TECHNOLOGIES, ERODE,COIMBATORE, CHENNAI, SALEM, TIRUCHENGODE. call: 98422 38186.
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed which is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load very fastly.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
The steadily increasing population has more demand and consumption of electric energy in the market as raised and that of equipment’s used like electrical and electronics are also costlier
So to protect the electrical system from overload or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by ultrafast acting electronic circuit breaker
The electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low -value resistor.
Project report on the Digital clock using RTC and microcontroller 8051Maulik Sanchela
In this is project report, its display on LCD screen that the time, alarm time which we set. It will ring up when the alarm set time and main time are same.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent prot...EG TECHNOLOGIES
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent protection of grid--Any details EG TECHNOLOGIES, ERODE,COIMBATORE, CHENNAI, SALEM, TIRUCHENGODE. call: 98422 38186.
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed which is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load very fastly.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
The steadily increasing population has more demand and consumption of electric energy in the market as raised and that of equipment’s used like electrical and electronics are also costlier
So to protect the electrical system from overload or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by ultrafast acting electronic circuit breaker
The electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low -value resistor.
Project report on the Digital clock using RTC and microcontroller 8051Maulik Sanchela
In this is project report, its display on LCD screen that the time, alarm time which we set. It will ring up when the alarm set time and main time are same.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
2. INTRODUCTION
The relays used in power system protection are of different
types. Among them differential relay is very commonly used
relay for protecting transformer and generators from localised
faults.
Differential relays are very sensitive to the faults occurred
within the zone of protection but they are least sensitive to the
faults that occur outside the protected zone. Most of the relays
operate when any quantity exceeds beyond a predetermined
value for example over current relay operates when current
through it exceeds predetermined value. But the principle of
differential relay is somewhat different. It operates depending
upon the difference between two or more similar electrical
quantities. Using microcontroller technology we are detecting
the input and output current using differential current sense
using CT module and trip the circuit using contactor
technology.
4. AURDINO CONTROLLER
ARDUINO CONTROLLER :
Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based
on the Atmega 328 It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection,
Current Transformer
A current transformer is an “instrument transformer” that is
designed to provide current in its secondary, which is
accurately proportional to the current flowing in its primary.
6. A DC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, WHICH MAINTAINS
CONSTANT VOLTAGE IRRESPECTIVE OF FLUCTUATIONS IN
THE MAIN SUPPLY OR VARIATION IN THE LOAD, IS KNOWN
AS REGULATED POWER SUPPLY .THE 7805 IC REFERRED TO
FIXED POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR, WHICH PROVIDES
FIXED VOLTAGE 5 VOLTS. THE 7805 REGULATOR IS KNOWN
AS FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR. FIXED –VOLTAGE
REGULATOR DESIGN HAS BEEN GREATLY SIMPLIFIED BY THE
INTRODUCTION OF 3-TERMINAL REGULATOR ICS SUCH AS
THE 78XX SERIES OF POSITIVE REGULATORS AND THE
79XXX SERIES OF NEGATIVE REGULATORS, WHICH
INCORPORATE FEATURES SUCH AS BUILT-IN FOLD BACK
CURRENT LIMITING AND THERMAL PROTECTION, ETC.
7. APPLICATIONS:
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION DETECTION OF ENERGY
TAPPING WITH I/P AND O/P METER DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
TECHNIQUE AND POWER THEFT PROTECTION
PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINE FAULTS
PROTECTION OF T C
ADVANTAGES:
NO MANPOWER REQUIRED
MORE ACCURACY
EFFECTIVE POWER THEFT CONTROL
8. DISADVANTAGES
*EXISTING METERS REQUIRED TO SET FOR THE NEW
TECHNOLOGY IS LITTLE DIFFICULT TASK.
*LIMITED OUTPUTS LINIER REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES
ONLY PROVIDE ONE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
*POOR EFFICIENCY THE AVERAGE LINEAR REGULATED
DEVICE ACHIVES AN EFFICIENCY BETWEEN 30% -60% DUE
TO HEAD DISSIPATION
9. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
a full-wave rectifier is a device that has two or more diodes arranged
so that load current flows in the same direction during each half
cycle of the ac supply.
Full-wave rectifier, center-tapped design.
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
The input AC supplied to the full wave rectifier is very high. The
step-down transformer in the rectifier circuit converts the high voltage
AC into low voltage AC. The anode of the centre tapped diodes is
connected to the transformer’s secondary winding and connected to
the load resistor. During the positive half cycle of the alternating
current, the top half of the secondary winding becomes positive while
the second half of the secondary winding becomes negative.
10. CONTACTOR
Operating principle of Contactors
Symbol of contactor the operating principle of a
contactor is very simple. Whenever the electromagnetic coil is
energized, an electromagnetic field is produced. This
electromagnetic field attracts the metallic rod (armature)
towards the gap in the hollow cylindrical magnet. In
contactors with split electromagnets, the movable half of the
electromagnet is attracted towards the fixed electromagnet.
This action closes the contacts. The contacts remains closed as
long as the electromagnet remains excited. When the coil is de
energized, moving contact is pushed back to its normal
position by the spring. Contactors are designed to open and
close contacts rapidly. Moving contacts may bounce as it
rapidly makes contacts with the fixed contacts.
12. FEATURES OF CONTACTORS
A contactor is a relay that is used for switching power.
They usually handle very heavy loads like an electric
motor, lighting and heating equipments and so on.
Though their output is used for switching very high
loads, they are controlled by a circuit with very less
power.
According to the loads they handle, they vary in sizes
from a small device to as huge as a yard.
14. COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
ARDUINO BOARD
LCD
RESISTOR 1K
WORKING OF AUDINO WITH LCD:
LCD CAN BE USED IN TWO MODES- 4 BIT MODE OR 8 BIT MODE. IN 8 BIT MODE
WE REQUIRE 8 DATA PINS AND 3 CONTROL PINS WHEREAS IN 4 BIT MODE, DATA
IS SENT USING 4 DATA PINS AND 3 CONTROL PINS.
R/W PIN IS ALWAYS GROUNDED SO WE REQUIRE ONLY 6 PINS IN 4 BIT MODE,
THUS SAVING NO OF PINS.
FIRST INITIALIZE THE LIBRARY AND THEN DEFINE PINS USING THE COMMAND
LIQUIDCRYSTALLCD(RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7), PINS ARE ASSIGNED IN THIS
ORDER.
15. THEN IN SETUP FUNCTION WRITE THE MESSAGE TO
DISPLAY AS LCD.PRINT(“MESSAGE”).
WE CAN PRINT MESSAGE ANYWHERE IN THE LCD BY
SELECTING COLUMN AND ROW, IT’S DONE BY WRITING
LCD.SETCURSOR(COLUMN, ROW). HOWEVER THERE IS ONE
THING TO CONSIDER, THAT’S THE NUMBER OF COLUMNS
AND ROWS START FROM ZERO. FOR EXAMPLE, TO PRINT A
MESSAGE ON 2ND ROW 1ST COLUMN, WRITE
“LCD.SETCURSOR(0,1);” BEFORE THE PRINT COMMAND.
SIMILARLY FOR 5TH COLUMN AND 3RD ROW, WE WRITE
LCD.SETCURSOR(4,2).
YOU CAN USE “LCD.WRITE()” TO SEND CHARACTERS. TO
PRINT ZERO ON 2ND COLUM 2ND ROW, TYPE
LCD.SETCURSOR(1,1); LCD.WRITE(48); WHERE 48 IS THE
DECIMAL EQUIVALENT FOR ACII ‘0’.