The document discusses audio-visual aids, focusing on television as a significant medium for mass education and its role in instructional environments. It highlights the educational advantages of television, such as combining sight and sound, while also noting limitations such as one-way communication and scheduling challenges. Additionally, it explores video cassettes and tapes, their advantages in educational settings, and challenges related to their availability and portability.

1. AUDIO VISUAL
AIDS
Television, Video tapes, Video cassettes

2. INTRODUCTION
• Audio – Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images
which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning.
-(Burton)

3. TELEVISION
• Television is being acknowledged as a
powerful medium of mass education
• Television is the electronic means by
which sound and light energy are
transmitted from one place to another.

4. TWO KINDS OF
LICENSED TELEVISION
STATIONS

5. EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION

6. INSTRUCTIONAL
TELEVISION
• Broadcasts designed to
aid instruction i.e., it is
planned in relation to
educational objectives
and is presented in an
orderly and sequential
arrangement of learning
experiences.

7. INSTRUCTIONAL
TELEVISION -IT
INCLUDES
Total television
Major resource teaching
Observational television

8. ENRICHMENT TELEVISION
• Designed towards enriching
learning, but is not directed
towards any particular course of
study or is it presented in any
particular learning sequence, e.g.
demonstration of nursing
procedures.

9. FUNCTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF
TELEVISION
Image
multiplicati
on
Image
magnificati
on
Image
association
Image
transportati
on

10. EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL TV
• combines sight and sound together.
• uniformity of communication .
• opportunities of seeing and listening.
• provides resources often unavailable to classrooms.
• provides excellent learning opportunities

11. LIMITATIONS
• One way communication .
• require the teacher to rearrange the school schedule.
• Financial problem.
• Classes cannot be made to work identical timings

12. VIDEO CASSETTE
• Videocassette recorder, also spelled
(VCR), electromechanical device that
records, stores, and plays back television
programs on a television set by means of
a cassette of magnetic tape. A
videocassette recorder is commonly used
to record television programs broadcast
over the air or by cable and to play back
commercially recorded cassettes on a
television set.

13. VIDEO TAPES
• Prerecorded video tapes can be
played through TV in classrooms.
Video films on educational topics
shown through TV in classroom.
The arrangement is compact and
requires little space and time for
manipulation.

14. VIDEO CASSETTE/TAPES
ADVANTAGES
• used for audio books for the
blind.
• Cassette tapes come equipped
with a label in Braille .
• . Cassettes also start from the
position where they were
stopped.
• also common in court
recordings.
DISADVANTAGES
• more difficult to find than CD or
MP3 players in most retail
stores.
• Many stores no longer carry
them .
• Portable cassette players are
bulkier and heavier