The document discusses various types of instructional media that teachers can use to enhance student learning, including visual, audio, audiovisual, computer-based, and realia. Each type has its own definitions, roles, advantages, and disadvantages that educators need to consider based on student needs and the materials being taught. The goal is to choose appropriate media to improve student engagement and understanding in their daily activities.

1. INSTRUCTIONAL
MEDIA
Sakina Mawardah – 15220053
Pb. Inggris 2015
STKIP SILIWANGI Bandung

2. Type of Instructional Media
As a teacher, we need a media to deliver the material to the students so they
can understand better and able to use it in their daily activities.
There are many type of media that can be used in Instructional activities.
There are:
1. Visual
2. Audio
3. Audio Visual (AV)
4. Computer based
5. Realia
These types of media can be chosen after the teacher define the student
needs, the material that will be delivered, prerequisite that need to be
fulfilled, and many other things that need consideration before that teacher
choose the media that they will used for delivering the material to their
students.

3. Visual
Types:
1. Non Projected:
cartoon, chart, comic
strip, flashcards,
illustration, map,
models, pictures and
poster
2. Projected: filmstrip,
overhead
projectors,presentatio
ns.
Role:
1. Attention (to attract and direct the student
interest about the material that will be learned
through pictures or text about the material. Its
used for making it more memorable for the
student to memorize about the materials)
2. Affective (picture or visual logo can arouse
emotion and student attitude)
3. Cognitive (visual logo or picture can facilitate
the delivery of objectives to understand and
remember the information or messages
contained in images)
4. Compensatory (the visual medium provides a
context for understanding the text help
students who are weak in reading for organizing
information in text and recall)
Definition:
Visual media is the sources of data or information in
the form of visual presentation. There are elements
of visual media, there are: line, color, texture, shape,
form, value and size.
Disadvantage:
Negative effect for children
behavior, social attitudes and
physical health

4. Audio
Definition:
Audio is an electrical or digital
representation of sound, that consist
of "Aural" (relating sense of hearing)
and "Oral" (speaking).
Role:
• Teach listening
• Teach pronunciation
and intonation
Characteristic:
• Clarity of voice
• Relevant of topic
• Clear pitch
• Appropriate length
and language
• Unbiased content
Advantages:
• Useful to add, maintain and stimulate interest
• Can be use as a set induction strategy
• Can clarify problems and ambiguity
• Useful in distant learning
• Can be use in stimulating emotions
• Can aid memory
• Helpful in stimulating creative thinking, and
increase imagination
• Helpful in learning languages
Disadvantage:
• Assessing or selecting topics
• Consume time
• Can't learn read
• Controlling device is hard
• Need more monitoring
Type:
• Analog: Radio, tapes
• Digital: CD, mp3, wav

5. Audio Visual
(AV)
Definition:
Conveying information through
media, such as audio and visual
recordings, that are perceivable
by both hearing and sight.
Role:
• Help provide first
concept or
impression correct
• Encouraging interest
• Improve better
understanding
• Complete other
study sources
• Adding variety of
teaching methods
• Save time
Characteristic:
1. Audio Visual Media is able to present the information or
message in the form of images / visuals and sound in real
terms, real.
2. Information submitted may be images / visual facts, real
events, or a fiction / creative ideas.
3. Information or messages are packaged in Program Audio
Visual techniques can spread through the medium of
television, Internet, VCD, DVD.
Advantage:
• Not boring
• Easier to understood the
material
Disadvantage:
1. The exercise need
considerable time.
2. The exercise
requires a
comprehensive.
3. It costs relatively
more expensive.
4. Audio-visual
media can not be
used anywhere and
anytime, because
the audio-visual
media tend to
remain in place.

6. Computer
Based
Definition:
Teaching media which
student interactive with
computer even without an
instructor.
Role:
• Cognitive: Can teach
concept of rules,
principle, measures,
processes, and complex
calculations.
• Affective: When a
program is designed to
give a piece of clip
sound or video whose
contents arouse
feelings, learning
attitude / affective can
be done using computer
• Psychomotor: Games
and simulation that used
to create conditions of
the working world.
Advantage:
1. Provide opportunities
for students to solve
problems individually.
2. Provide compelling
presentations with
animation.
3. Provide learning
content choices are
many and varied.
4. Capable of
motivating students to
learn.
5. Capable of activating
and stimulating
methods of teaching
well.
Disadvantage:
1. Learners with low
motivation or bad study
habits may fall behind
without the routine
structures of a
traditional class,
students may get lost or
confused about course
activities and deadlines.
2. Students may feel
isolated from the
instructor and
classmates.
3. Instructor may not
always be available for
students.
4. Slow Internet
connections or older
computers may make
accessing course
materials frustrating.

7. Realia
Definition:
A media that is
using real
items that
found in
everyday life
as an aid for
teaching.
Characteristics:
1. Visual message: picture,chart, Diagrams,chart,map.
2. Distributor message visual verbal nonverbal-graphic : book and
module, comic, magazine and journals, poster, board visual.
3. Object original and object imitation (model).
Advantage:
1. Can foster direct
interaction between
children with real
objects.
2. Can help the
children's learning
process becomes
more active when
observing, handling,
and manipulating. 3.
Media realia can
instill basic concepts
that are abstract to
be true, concrete,
and realistic.
Disadvantage:
1. The size is there that most of its forms are too large for
children and too small so difficult for children to
understand the media.
2. The price is expensive media realia.
3. Maintenance realia media must be considered.
Role:
1. To attract attention.
2. Clarify the presentation of
ideas.
3. Illustrate or decorate a fact
that may be quickly forgotten if
not visualized.