Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a syndrome characterized by the activation of coagulation pathways leading to the formation of fibrin clots in small blood vessels, resulting in bleeding due to reduced coagulation factors and platelets. The document discusses various causes of DIC, including obstetric complications, malignancies, infections, and miscellaneous factors, along with methods for diagnosis and management. Management strategies include blood component therapy and anticoagulant therapy, with emphasis on nursing assessments and interventions.

1. Disseminated
intravascular
coagulation
Presented by: Shivangi Sharma

2. Introduction

3. Definition
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
is a syndrome in which either the extrinsic or
intrinsic or both pathways are activated to
produce multiple fibrin clots in small blood
vessels. The resultant reduction of the
coagulation factors and platelets results in
bleeding.

4. Coagulation process
• Lets understand through the
whiteboard ..

7. obstetric complications
• amniotic fluid
embolism
• eclampsia
• premature separation
of placenta
• retained dead fetus

8. Malignancies
• acute promyelocytic leukemia
• adenocarcinoma

9. Infections
• septicemia
• septic abortion
• gram –ve sepsis

10. Miscellaneous
• snake bites
• severe burns
• anaphylaxis
• giant haemangioma

11. Secondary fibrinolysis
• following DIC, fibrinolysis gets activated
and FDPs-D-Dimer formed has an
inhibitory effect on clot formation. Plasmin
formed inactivates FV, VII, IX and XI
which further inhibit intrinsic coagulation
cascade

12. Classification
Acute
Chronic

17. Petechiae

18. Purpura

19. Investigations

20. Cont..
• COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
• PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR
• PROTHROMBIN TIME
• FIBRINOGEN LEVEL
• MARKERS OF ENDOGENOUS
THROMBIN GENERATION

21. Management
• BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY
- FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
- PLATELETS
- FRESH BLOOD

22. Cont..
• ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
-Heparin and other anticoagulant
therapy to inhibit thrombin.

23. Nursing management
• Assessment
• Nsg diagnosis
• Goal
• Nursing intervention
• Implementation
• Evaluation

24. Summary
• Lets summarize through a chart …

26. Bibliography
• Robbins & Cotran, “pathologic basis
of disease” south asia edition ,
Elsevier publication, vol1, 663-665
• Dr. Tejindar Singh, “Textbook of
Hematology” , arya publication ,
3rdedition , 228

27. Cont..
• Brunner & Suddharth, “textbook of
medical-surgical nursing” south asia
edition ,wolters kluwer publication ,
13th edition , vol2 565-568
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