This document summarizes various nationalist movements that emerged in response to Western imperialism in Asia between the 1850s-1950s. It describes nationalist rebellions in China like the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions aimed at expelling Westerners. It also outlines the democratic communist philosophies of Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong in China and the civil war between the Kuomintang and Communists. Similar nationalist movements emerged across Asia, including Hindu and Muslim nationalism in India, Meiji restoration modernization in Japan, Philippine revolution against Spain, and independence movements led by Sukarno in Indonesia and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam.

2. INTRUSIVE
AND
EXPLOITIVE
WESTERNERS
NATIONALISM

3.  Love of country
 Realization to defend one’s country
against oppressive outsiders
 Consciousness of a group that they are
unified
 Connotes pride of one’s race

5. TAIPING REBELLION BOXER REBELLION
•1850S
•China vs. Manchus (Q’ing
Dynasty)
•Hung Hsiu Ch’uan
new dynasty
(T’ai P’ing/ Great Peace)
install Christianity
•1900
•Supported Manchus and criticized
the Westerners
•Goal: to expel Westerners from
China
•Boxer Harmony Fists vs. Foreigners

6. Democratic Communism
•Sun Yat Sen – Father of the
Chinese Republic
3 principles:
a. nationalism
b. democracy
c. people’s livelihood
forging national unity vs.
Westerners
•Mao Zedong
Marxism
(bourgeoisie or capitalist
vs.
proletariat or workers)
Chinese Communist Party

7. Democratic Communism
•Sun Yat Sen – Father of the
Chinese Republic
-equality of land ownership
-regulation of capital
-avoidance of internal conflict
-promotion of progress –
compromise and concillation
Republic of China
and
Nationalist Party/Kuomintang
•Chiang Kai Shek
continued what Sun Yat Sen left
behind
•Mao Zedong
Chinese Communist Party

8. CHIANG KAI SHEK MAO ZEDONG
UNITED FRONT
-set aside their conflict and
fought the Japanese but
failled
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
-Kuomintang vs. Communists
(U.S.) (Russian)
(Chinese Peasants)
-Communists won – People’s Republic of
China
-Kuomintang failed – Taiwan –Republic of
China

10.  2 STAGES OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM
A. TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE
-foreign missionaries went to Japan
-rejected Christianity
solution: Sakoku Period/Isolation

11.  2 STAGES OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM
B. MEIJI RESTORATION (MUTSUHITO)
-forcibly opened by Comm. Matthew Perry
-Japan responded positively to Westerners
modification and modernization
a. 1889 Constitution – Germany constitution
b. army and navy
c. Western scholars to teach Japanese
d. Japanese students are sent overseas
e. Japanese education – U.S. and European
f. allowed Christianity

13.  Indians vs. English
-exploitation of natural resources and
manpower
-abolishment of sati and female
infaticide
-Sepoy Rebellion
-racial discriminations in the government
-Amritsar Massacre

14. HINDUS MUSLIMS
•1884-1885
•Allan Hume
•Composed of Hindu professionals
whose goal was to regain India’s
independence
•1905
•Muhammad Ali Jinnah
•Goal: a separate state for Muslims

15.  Hindu; educated in England
 Advocated for peaceful or non-
violent means to campaign for
Indian independence
ahimsa
-Jainism concept
-”non-violence”
 He called for satyagraha = “truth-
force”

16.  He called for:
a. prayers
b. meditation
c. fasting
d. petition
e. boycott
 Indians called him = MAHATMA = Great Soul
 Assassinated by a Hindu fanatic

17.  Declaration of Indian Independence
REPUBLIC OF INDIA – August 15, 1947
President: Jawarhalal Nehru
while…
 Muslim Indians – separate state
Pakistan – August 15, 1947
President: Mohamed Ali Jinnah

18.  Under the Ottoman Empire
 1918 – After WWI – Westerners were able
to exploit West Asia
Kuwait – 1759
Lebanon – 1926; under French rule
Iraq - 1932

20. PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM
TRIBUTE
COLLECTION
FORCED LABOR
MONOPOLIES
RACIAL
DISCRIMINATION
ILLUSTRADOS
“REFORM/
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT”
KKK
PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
FILIPINOS
VS.
SPANISH
GOVERNMENT

21.  June 12, 1898 = Republic of the Philippines
colonized by U.S.

22.  Escaped colonization but was forced to
give some lands to Britain and France

23.  Gained independence from English

24.  Budi Otomo – Nationalist Movement
 Achmed Sukarno – Nationalist Party of Indonesia
gained independence from
Dutch

25.  After WWII…
 Under France, turned over to U.S.
 Vietnam War
- U.S. vs. Vietnam War
-U.S. failed
-1935 – gained Independence – socialist
NORTH VIETNAM SOUTH VIETNAM
Communist ideology
Socialist State
Democratic
Capitalist

26.  Mongol Empire – Genghis Khan
vs.
Russia and China