This document provides an overview of the classification and anatomy of arthropods, focusing on ticks and flies. It outlines the phylum, class, order, family, genus and species classification of ticks. It then discusses the external anatomy of flies, including head, antenna, legs, wings and abdomen. The document also covers the internal anatomy of flies, summarizing the digestive, respiratory, excretory, nervous and genital systems. It concludes with a brief description of vectors that transmit diseases mechanically or biologically.

1. Introduction to Arthropods

3. Order: Acarina (Ticks)
Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tick
Phylum: Arthopoda
Sub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)
Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)
Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)
Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)
Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)
Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)
Genus:
Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus
Argus spp
Otobius spp
Ornithodorus spp
Ixodes spp
Boophilus spp
Rhipicephalus spp
Haemaphysalis spp
Dermacentor spp
Amblyomma spp
Hyalomma spp
3

4. Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Ceratopognidae
(Midges) Simulidae
(Black fly)
Psychodidae
(Sand fly)
Culicidae
(Mosquitoes)
Muscidea
(House & Stable fly)
Calliphoridae
(Blow fly)
Hippoboscidae
(Forest fly &
keds)
Oestridae
(bot fly)
Tabanidae
(Horse fly)
Classification of Diptera
Order
Sub-Order
Family
Arthopoda
InsectaClass
Phylum

7. External Anatomy

8. External Anatomy Chitin??

9. Head
Head:
Eyes: Simple or compound
Mouth parts
Antenna
Diochoptic (female)
Holoptic (male)

10. Antenna
Pilose
type
Plumose type

11. Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Antenna
Mouth part
&
Maxillary Palps
Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts
Plumose
Pilose
Stylet type
Arista Type
Palp

12. Empodium, pad like
structure
Pulvilli
Claw
Leg of a Mosquito
Legs
Wings
Neck:

13. Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Wing
(Cross Vein)
Black fly
Tabanus Musca domestica
Stomoxys calcitrans
Sand fly

14. Butcher's Cleaver

15. Fig: Wing of Tsetse fly( Butcher's Cleaver shaped discal cell)

16. Abdomen

17. Circulatory system
Bood:
Plasma/Haemolymph/fluid part
Bood corpuscles/ Haemocytes
Internal Anatomy

18. Internal Anatomy
Digestive system
1. Fore gut/Stomodeum (Buccal cavity, Pharynx, esophagus, crop, Proventiculus)/Gizzard
have vulve and teeth)
2. Mid gut
3. Hind gut /proctodeum
Most absorption take place in gasrtic
caecca

19. Respiratory system
Diffusion
O2
CO2

20. Excretory system
Nervous system
Nervous system:
Supraoesophageal ganglion=Brain
Ganglionated
Nerve Cord
Sensory Organ:
Eye
Antenna
Plap
Various receptors of the body

21. Genital system

22. Vector:
1. Mechanical Vector
2. Biological vector
a. Cyclopropagative transmission (multiplication + Cyclical changes)
b. Cyclodevelopmental transmission (only multiplication)