Mosquito presentation

1. Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha
Ceratopognidae
(Midges) Simulidae
(Black fly)
Psychodidae
(Sand fly)
Culicidae
(Mosquitoes)
Muscidea
(House & Stable fly)
Calliphoridae
(Blow fly)
Hippoboscidae
(Forest fly &
keds)
Oestridae
(bot fly)
Tabanidae
(Horse fly)
Classification of Diptera
Order
Sub-Order
Family
Arthopoda
InsectaClass
Phylum

2. Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Size
Antenna
Mouth part
&
Maxillary Palps
Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts
Plumose
Pilose
Stylet type
Arista Type
Differences among the sub-orders
Palp

3. Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Wing
(Cross Vein)
Sand fly
Black fly
Mosquitos
Tabanus Musca domestica
Stomoxys calcitrans

4. Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Larval Head
Pupa
Obtectate Usually Obtectate Coarctate
Larva of Musca domestica
Pupa Musca domestica
Larva of Tabnus
Pupa of Tabnus
Example??

5. Culicidae
(Mosquitoes)
The most veterinary important –
 Anopheles spp (Anopheles vagus, An. Aconitus, Anopheles annularis)
Culex spp (Culex pipiens)
Aedes spp (Aedes aegypti, Ae. Albopictus)
Anopheles
Culex
Aedes

6. Anatomy of MosquitosMorphology
Scales= leaf like,
fringed cvo/AvPjv
(Wegede shaped)

7. Empodium, pad like
structure
Pulvilli
Claw
Johnston’s organ=Mechanoreceptors
(at 1st two segments of antennae)
Leg of a Mosquito
Antenna of a Mosquito
Antenna can detect host odoor

8. Mouthpart of Mosquito
Lingua (between labella)
Fascicle/Stylet
Labrum
Maxilla (Paired, serrated tip)
Hypopharynx (carry salivary duct)
Mandible (Paired, pointed tip)

9. Culex
(Living Adults) : Resting Position
Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)
Hump back appearance

10. Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)
Adult
Fallagelum
* Sound
receptor
Clubbed
TaperedLaterally directed
Upturned

11. Shape of Scutellum Anopheline Culicine
Evenly curved and
regular row of setae on
the posterior border
Trilobed and setae is
grouped on the lateral
and median lobes
Distribution of scales on Abdominal sterna and
also terga:
Completely or largely
devoid of scales
Uniform layer of scales

12. Key to the genera of the family Culicidae
Anopheles Culex

13. Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus
Key to Aedes
Lyre

14. Anopheline Culicine
Eggs
Boat shaped eggs
Egg raft (Culex), Singly Aedes
Egg shell/Chorion
Chorion (Air filled
compartment)=Float
Cup shaped Corolla
1mm long
3-4mmX2-3mm
100-150/batch at night on water surface

15. Anopheline Culicine
Larva/Wigglers (Apodus)
Palmate hairs= 10-20 radiating leafletes
Chewing Mouth part
Spiracular vulve
Siphon
Aedes = short siphon
Culex = Long and slender siphonNo Siphon
No
Palmate
hairs

16. Larval Respiration
Pupa/Tumblers
Aedes CulexAnopheles
Tracheal system and cuticular respiration by larvae
Short broad breathing/air
trumpet, distally expanded
Long narrow breathing
trumpet, tubular
Paddle (at 9th
segment)
Adult emergence: Gas accumulation at midgut and spilt appears
mid-dorsally of the pupal cuticle
Respiratory
siphon/siphon

17. Eggs
Float
Respiratory siphon
Palmate hairs
Feeding
Respiratory trumpet
Adult (palp)
Scutellum
Scales
Resting position
At a glance
Example

18. Vector Importance
Agents Disease Vector (s)
Plasmodium spp of mammals Malaria Anopheles (primary host)
Yellow fever virus
Rift vally fever virus
Yellow fever
Rift vally
fever(Southern Africa)
Aedes
Dengue virus (DEN virus) Dengue Aedes (A aegypti and A albopictus)
Chikungunya (CHIK) virus
Africa, India and Southestern Asia
Dengue like Arthralgic
illness
Aedes
Borerelia anserina Fowl spirochaetosis Aedes
Plasmodium spp of bird Avian Malaria Culex , Anopheles and Aedes
Wuchereria bancrofti Filariasis/Elephatiasis Culex ,Aedes and Mansonia (I/H)
Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilariosis Anopheles, Culex and Mansonia (I/H)
Brugia malayi Filariasis
(Indonesia, South east
Asia and Srilanka)
Mansonia and Anopheles

19. Control and prevention:
 Oil based insecticide for the Culicid larvae
Larvicidal compound and Larvicidal fish (Gambusia spp)
Paris Green mixed with Kerosene (carrier) effective larvicidal
Pyrethrum, Organophosphorus compounds (Difenphos, Fenthion)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon (DDT; banned, dieldrin, chlordane)
Surface applied dust for the Anopheline larvae
Temephos larvicide (organophosphorus) applied with granular formulation
Disintegrates slowly and long tem effect
 No toxic barrier on water surface by water insulable sufactant (Lecithin) for pupae
 Introudction of invetebrate predators
Fungus (Lagenidium giganteum) and Protozoa
 Bacteira (Bacillus sphaericus and B thuringiensis) highly toxic to larvae
Management:
Measures against immature stages:

20. Measures against Adults:
 DDT (Banned), insecticidal effect remain 6 to 12 months
 HCH and BHC (Benzene Hexachloride), Lindane (Gamma isomer, have musty odor and
expensive, More toxic than DDT, Used as spray, Banned)
Dieldrin, a Chlorinated hydrocarbon (used as spray), banned
Malathion, an organophosphorus, broad spectrum insecticide, effect 6 months (spray)
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids (Popular) , also repellent
Indalone and dimethyl phthalate (as repellent, WHO recommended
Managemetal approaches

21. Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul Alim
Assistant Professor
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASU
and PhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia
email: mdabdul.alim@my.jcu.edu.au
References
1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd edi,pp…
2. Gary and Lance, (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Edn, Elsevier, Inc, pp…
3. E J L Soulby (1982). Helminths, Arthopods and Protozoa of Domestic animals, ………..
4. G.M.Urqhart., J.Armour., J.L.Duncan., F.W. Jennings., (1966). Veterinary Parasitology, Black well
Science Ltd.,2nd edi.pp:
THANKS