Ticks are blood-sucking arachnids that are important disease vectors for both humans and animals. They transmit a wide variety of pathogens and are second only to mosquitos as a vector of human disease. Ticks cause economic losses to the livestock industry by transmitting diseases that cost billions annually. Ticks have complex life cycles involving one, two, or three hosts of feeding and development. They have morphological and behavioral adaptations for finding and feeding on hosts while avoiding dehydration between blood meals.

1. Order: Acarina (Tick)
Introduction
 Blood sucking arthopods
 Most important vectors of human and animal diseases
 Life threatening vector (rank second; 1st
Mosquitos)
Transmit greater variety of infections agents
Pest of man, animal and wildlife
 Server toxic condition (Tick Parasysis, Tick Toxicosis)
Economic losses
Tick-borne diseases major threat to livestock industry
 Costs billions of dollars annually to protect livestock from
ticks and tick-borne diseases
1Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

2. Order: Acarina (Ticks)
Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tick
Phylum: Arthopoda
Sub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)
Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)
Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)
Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)
Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)
Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)
Genus:
Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus
Argus spp
Otobius spp
Ornithodorus spp
Ixodes spp
Boophilus spp
Rhipicephalus spp
Haemaphysalis spp
Dermacentor spp
Hyalomma spp
Amblyomma spp
2Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

3. Terminology/Anatomy of Ticks
Mammillae 3
Scutum, Festoon, Ornate, Porose, Prostraite, Metastraite,
Brevirostrate, Longistrate, Basis capituli, Haller’ s organ,
Mammillae, Pulvillus, Punctations, Alloscutum, plates,
orfice/apperture
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

4. Basic Anatomy of Tick (hard tick)
Alimentary system
Salivary
gland
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Sensory structure
Reproductive system
Male
Female
4Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

5. Mouth part of tick and Feeding Mechanism
5Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

6. Soft tickHard tick
6
Difference?????
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

7. Morphological Identification
Ixodes
7
Longistrate
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

8. Boophilus
Brevirostrate
8Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

9. Haemaphysalis
9Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

10. Rhipicephalus
10
Reddish or blackish brown
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

11. Hyalomma
11
Longistrate
Medium sized tick
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

12. Amblyomma
12
large sized tick
Second palpal segment is about twice as long as third
Mouth part Much longer than basis capituliTick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

13. Dermacentor
13Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

14. Life cycle of One Host tick
Each stage feeds and developed on One Host
14
Complete Metamophosis
Oviposition
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

15. Life cycle of two Host tick
Larva and Nymph feed on one host and adult ticks on a second host
15Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

16. Life cycle of three Host tick
Each stage feeds and developed on different Host
16Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

17. 17
Life cycle of soft tick (Multi host L/C)
 Several oviposition
 7 nymphal stages
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

18. 1. Trans-stadial : (stage to stage/One life stage to Next)
2. Trans-ovarian (Parent to progeny/ one generation to Next)
Vector Competency:
Strategies for Questing (seek) the host
1. Hunter
2. Ambush (Waiter)
18
Diapauses
1. Morphogenetic diapasue
2. Behavioural diapause (most common)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Behavior and Ecology
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

19. 19
Water balance by unfed tick
In adverse condition, Life cycle of Tick fall in tow dilemmas :
How to maintain their energy
How maintain water balance
Have to counteract Overhydration (during feeding)
(reinjection water into salivary secretion by Fcell of Type III Acini)
Have to counteract with dehydration (during fasting)
Prevention of dehydration:
Physical barriers
Physiological adaption
Behavioural Mechanisms
Can call some restore mechanisms for rehydration:
 Passive water vapour absorption though cuticle
Catabolic and Anabolic water production
Active absorption of water (Type I salivary acini)
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

20. 20
Pathological significance of Tick infestation/ OR Harm produced by
• General Effect
• Tick Paralysis
• Tick Toxicosis
• Vector importance: Tick-borne diseases
Available Cattle tick in Bangladesh
Control of ticks
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU