ARDS - Diagnosis and Management
Visit www.medicalgeek.com for more
http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/36156-ards-diagnosis-management-presentation-ppt-pdf.html#post89045
https://www.facebook.com/MedicalGeek
https://only4medical.wordpress.com/
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=129413628862&ref=nf
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/only4medical/
Ventilatory management in obstructive airway diseasesVitrag Shah
Presentation on ventilatory management in COPD & Asthma
Updated information till 26/5/16
For powerpoint format, contact dr.vitrag@gmail.com
http://www.medicalgeek.com/presentation/36441-ventilatory-management-obstructive-airway-diseases-presentation.html
ARDS - Diagnosis and Management
Visit www.medicalgeek.com for more
http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/36156-ards-diagnosis-management-presentation-ppt-pdf.html#post89045
https://www.facebook.com/MedicalGeek
https://only4medical.wordpress.com/
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=129413628862&ref=nf
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/only4medical/
Ventilatory management in obstructive airway diseasesVitrag Shah
Presentation on ventilatory management in COPD & Asthma
Updated information till 26/5/16
For powerpoint format, contact dr.vitrag@gmail.com
http://www.medicalgeek.com/presentation/36441-ventilatory-management-obstructive-airway-diseases-presentation.html
How to manage a case of acute exacerbation of COPD according to GOLD guidelines. Sincere thanks to Dr. Amardeep Toppo who has prepared most of this presentation.
Various types of Pulmonary function tests, physiology , how to do spirometry, how to interpret, precautions while doing it, newer pfts : described in this ppt.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. Definition :
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute, diffuse,
inflammatory form of lung injury and life-threatening condition in
seriously ill patients, characterized by:
poor oxygenation,
pulmonary infiltrates,
and acute onset.
On a microscopic level, the disorder is associated with capillary endothelial
injury and diffuse alveolar damage.
• ARDS is defined by the patient's oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) to
the fraction of the oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2). These patients
have a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than 300.
4. THE EVOLUTION
• What about Pediatrics ARDS?
• But… no pediatricians or pediatric intensivists on the committee
• Needs of kids not addressed
5.
6.
7. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, The Berlin Definition2012 American Medical Association: JAMA, June 20, 2012—
Vol 307, No. 23
14. ARDS
Loss of
the
alveolar
capillary
permeabili
ty barrier Damage to the
lung epithelium
and vascular
endothelium
Presence of
protein-rich
edema fluid in
the alveoli
Dysregulated
inflammation
and
inappropriate
activity of
leukocytes and
platelets
Uncontrolled
activation of
coagulation and
suppression of
fibrinolysis
Loss of
surfactant
17. Management :
• PICU management is mandatory .
• Goals :
Treatment of the underlying disorder
Provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation
Treatment of the associated multiple organ dysfunction.
• Assess ABC
19. Should NIV trial have been given?
• Benefit: Improve gas exchange, ⤓ WOB, avoid MV, complications, ICU stay
• Risk: No response & deterioration, final outcome can be worse
Why?
Pediatric studies: Reduced need mechanical ventilation esp. mild-moderate
Evidence
Only mild ARDS
Provided trained staff & close monitoring
Immunodeficiency – individualize decision
Practice
20. Should NIV trial have been given? … Evidence for more caution
• More preintubation NIV duration worse the outcomes compared with no preintubation NIV
• If NIV doesn’t improve oxygenation/clinical parameters
• Intubation : sooner the better
• Longer the duration of NIV before intubation , worse the outcome
May 2021 • Volume 49 • Number 5
21. Ventilation - Which mode?
• Adequate oxygenation and ventilation,
• Prevent ventilator-induced lung injury
Why?
• No outcome data on influence of mode (C or A) during conventional MV
PALICC
guideline
• PC vs. VC can be based on unit protocol & familiarity
Practice
Avoid
• Overdistension (volutrauma and barotrauma),
• Minimize the cyclic opening and closing of alveoli (atelectrauma)
• Minimize biochemical mediator induced lung/organ injury (biotrauma)
23. SpO2 & PaCO2….
PALICC guideline
Mild PARDS (PEEP<10): 92–97%
PARDS with PEEP > 10: 88–92%
Insufficient data exist to recommend a lower Spo2 limit
Spo2 < 92%: Monitor central venous saturation and markers of oxygen delivery
Saturation
targets
Tolerable
PaCO2
Moderate-to-severe PARDS: Consider permissive hypercapnia
pH 7.15–7.30
Exceptions – intracranial hypertension, severe PAH, select CHD,
hemodynamic instability, significant ventricular dysfunction
Bicarbonate supplementation is not routinely recommended
24. Monitoring
PALICC guideline
All children with or at risk of PARDS should receive the minimum clinical monitoring : RR, HR, Spo2,
NIBP
Specific alarms when monitored variables are outside predefined ranges
Vt & compliance predicted body weight (gender + height/ulna length)
Exhaled Vt should be continuously monitored to prevent injurious ventilation
Pinsp monitored to prevent VILI – Ppeak (pressure mode) / Pplat (vol. mode)
25. • To guide volume expansion in fluid restrictive strategy
• To evaluate the impact of ventilation and disease on right & left cardiac function
• To assess oxygen delivery
Why?
• no pediatric RCTs
Evidence
• Moderately elevated PEEP (10–15 cm H2O)
• In severe PARDS, PEEP > 15 may be needed, limit plateau pressure
• Closely monitor oxygen delivery, compliance, hemodynamics
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
PALICC guideline
Suspected cardiac dysfunction echocardiography
Consider peripheral arterial catheter in severe PARDS – continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure & ABG
Insufficient evidence to recommend
• Pulse contour with transpulmonary dilution technology,
• Pulmonary artery catheters
• Ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring
• Transesophageal aortic Doppler
• Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output
• Central venous oxygenation monitoring
• B-type natriuretic peptide measurements
Monitoring – hemodynamics
26. Fluid management
• Adequate intravascular volume, end-organ perfusion, optimal delivery of oxygen
Why?
• No pediatric RCTs
Evidence
• After initial fluid resuscitation & stabilization - goal-directed fluid
management Adequate intravascular volume + prevent positive fluid
balance
• Goal-directed protocol = total fluid intake, output, & net balance
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
27. FLUIDS AND ARDS
• For every 1% increase in daily FO %- OI increase by 0.9
• 83.3% of non-survivors had fluid overload, as compared to 38.8% of survivors, (P 0.002)
28. Corticosteroids
• Dysregulated inflammation occurring in ARDS
Why?
• Systematic reviews (adult) - mixed results
• Meduri et al. – safe, ⤓ duration of mech. ventilation, ICU & LOS, mortality
• Pediatric data: No benefit / longer duration of mechanical ventilation
Evidence
• Corticosteroids cannot be recommended as routine therapy in PARDS
• Further study - specific patient populations, specific dosing and delivery regimens
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
29. Sedation
• Facilitate tolerance to mechanical ventilation
• Optimize oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, work of breathing
Why?
Evidence
• PALICC guideline
Practice
PALICC guideline
Minimal yet effective targeted sedation
Valid, reliable pain & sedation scales to monitor, target, and titrate sedation & to facilitate interprofessional communication
Sedation monitoring, titration, & weaning should be managed by a goal-directed protocol with daily sedation goals
collaboratively
Physiologically stable, patients should receive a periodic assessment of their capacity to resume unassisted breathing
Individualized sedation weaning plan, objective withdrawal scoring & assessment of patient tolerance
• Nurse-driven sedation protocol
• 2,900 mechanically ventilated children across 31 PICUs
• No reduction in duration of mech. Ventilation
….. but more wakeful state, lower exposure to sedative meds
• Long-term - No difference in functional status or mental health risk
• Need for additional investigations
31. Neuromuscular blockers
• Important adjunct to sedation for mechanically ventilated patients
• To facilitate tolerance to mechanical ventilation
• Optimal oxygen delivery, consumption, WOB & lung mechanics
Why?
• Adult clinical trials/guidelines - support NMB use in early severe ARDS
• Mostly cis-atracurium. Rocuronium, vecuronium - ⤒ myopathy, neuropathy
• No pediatric RCT
Evidence
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
PALICC guideline
If sedation alone is inadequate to achieve effective mechanical ventilation NMB
Minimal yet effective NMB with sedation
Monitored & titrated to the goal depth established by the interprofessional team.
Monitoring : effective ventilation, clinical movement,
Consider daily NMB holiday to allow periodic assessment of level of NMB & sedation.
Improved OI
with
continuous
NMB
33. Ventilation – recruitment manoeuvres
• Increased PEEP or sustained inflation to reopen regions of lung collapse
• Open lung strategy by preventing lung collapse & atelectotrauma
Why?
• Adult studies - sustained inflation or high levels of PEEP - improve oxygenation in
higher lung compliance (early ARDS with atelectasis or inflammatory edema)
compared to those with decreased chest wall compliance
Evidence
• Careful recruitment maneuvers to improve severe oxygenation failure
• By slow incremental & decremental PEEP steps
• Sustained inflation not recommended
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
No data - impact of recruitment maneuvers on mortality or duration of mech.
vent.
Sustained inflation heterogeneous overdistension.
34. Ventilation – HFOV
• Open lung strategy by preventing lung collapse & atelectotrauma
Why?
• Early adults studies of HFOV – promising
• OSCILLATE & OSCAR - no benefit and potential harm; applicability to
children ?
• Pediatric studies – no clear benefit
Evidence
• Availability
• experts - HFO has a role
• Ongoing PROSPeCT may provide clarity
Practice –
PALICC guideline
HFOV - alternative mode:
Moderate-to-severe PARDS - Pplat > 28 cm H2O
No clinical evidence of reduced chest wall compliance
Optimal lung volume Exploration of the potential for lung recruitment
Stepwise increase & decrease of Paw
Continuous monitoring (oxygenation, Co2, hemodynamics)
High-frequency jet ventilation not recommended, ~ severe air leak syndrome
High-frequency percussive ventilation not recommended ~ secretion-induced collapse
36. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
• Truncated
• APRV as primary mode for ARDS , increased mortality
37. Ventilation – prone positioning
• Improve lung mechanics & oxygenation in mechanically ventilated
patients
Why?
Evidence
• Not recommended as routine therapy
• Considered an option in cases of severe PARDS
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
1999 systematic review (20 studies) - improved oxygenation, adverse events rare
Three more meta-analyses
- 2008 (13 studies) improve oxygenation without significant effect on mortality
- Follow-up study of 10 trials - decreased
mortality only in severe ARDS
- 2014 (11 RCT) – significant reduction mortality when coupled with lung protective
vent.
Included PROSEVA study - 50% mortality reduction in severe
ARDS
Multicenter RCT in pediatrics - safe, but no difference in duration of mechanical
ventilation, mortality, or other health outcomes
PROSpect study – ongoing
38. Inhaled nitric oxide
• Pulmonary vasodilator to increase blood flow to areas with adequate
ventilation, improving ventilation/perfusion mismatch & oxygenation
Why?
Evidence
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
PALICC guideline
Not recommended for routine use in PARDS.
Consider - documented PAH / severe RV
dysfunction
May consider - severe PARDS: rescue / bridge
ECMO
When used, prompt assessment of benefit
Insufficient evidence to support use
Transient improvement in
oxygenation
Does not reduce mortality
May be harmful, ~ renal impairment
39. Something much simpler…
When to transfuse red blood cells ?
PALICC guideline
Clinically stable children with evidence of adequate oxygen delivery
- Trigger for RBC transfusion : 7.0 g/Dl
(excluding cyanotic heart disease, bleeding, and severe hypoxemia)
40. • Augment systemic oxygen delivery to allow the injured lungs to rest & recover
• Significant risk; substantial resources & expertise
• Strong evidence in neonates & potential benefit in adults; use in children ⤒
Why?
• Adults: mixed results CESAR trial: cost-effective, ⤒ 6-month survival
• EOLIA trial: No significant difference in 60-day
mortality
• PARDS lacking; survival to hospital discharge - 60%
Evidence
Practice –
PALICC
guideline
Consider in severe PARDS - cause reversible or lung transplantation.
Strict criteria difficult; when lung protective strategies result in inadequate gas exchange.
Structured evaluation of case history & clinical status
Serial evaluation of ECMO eligibility > single-point assessment.
Consider quality of life & likelihood of benefit should be assessed.
Should not be deployed - life-sustaining measures limited
Extreme hypercarbia & mild-to-moderate hypoxia
may benefit from new extracorporeal devices with partial respiratory support
ECLS
41. Other important issues…
Nutrition
A nutrition plan to facilitate recovery, maintain growth, meet metabolic needs.
Enteral nutrition, when tolerated, in preference to parenteral.
Enteral nutrition monitoring, advancement, maintenance
- goal-directed protocol collaboratively established by the interprofessional team.
Weaning
Daily assessment of extubation readiness to avoid prolonged ventilation.
Spontaneous Breathing Trials and/or Extubation Readiness Tests should be performed
Endotracheal suctioning
ET suctioning - cautious to minimize the risk of derecruitment
Insufficient data to support open or closed suctioning system
Severe PARDS – minimize the potential for derecruitment
Routine instillation of isotonic saline prior to suctioning not recommended
May be indicated for lavage to remove thick tenacious secretions
42. Other therapies.
Surfactant Surfactant dysfunction is part of the known pathophysiology
No benefit for outcomes such as mortality, ventilation time, or LOS
Further studies
Other therapies with no proven benefit
Helium-oxygen mixture
Inhaled or IV prostaglandins therapy
Plasminogen activators
Fibrinolytics
Inhaled β-adrenergic receptor agonists or ipratropium
N-acetylcysteine
Dornase alpha in non CF population