This document provides an outline for a presentation on acute lung injury (ALI). It defines ALI and describes the pathological process. Some key points include: ALI results from direct or indirect lung injury and involves two pathological phases. Common causes include sepsis or trauma. Symptoms include rapid breathing and low blood oxygen levels. Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays and blood gases. Treatment involves mechanical ventilation, fluid management, and prone positioning. Complications can include pulmonary fibrosis or cardiac issues. Nursing care focuses on managing breathing patterns, gas exchange, and reducing patient anxiety.
Interstitial lung disease is a general category that includes many different lung conditions. All interstitial lung diseases affect the interstitium, a part of the lungs' anatomic structure.
Some of the types of interstitial lung disease include:
Interstitial pneumonia: Bacteria, viruses, or fungi may infect the interstitium of the lung. A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumonia is the most common cause.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : A chronic, progressive form of fibrosis (scarring) of the interstitium. Its cause is unknown.
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: Interstitial lung disease that's often present with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma).
Interstitial lung disease is a general category that includes many different lung conditions. All interstitial lung diseases affect the interstitium, a part of the lungs' anatomic structure.
Some of the types of interstitial lung disease include:
Interstitial pneumonia: Bacteria, viruses, or fungi may infect the interstitium of the lung. A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumonia is the most common cause.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : A chronic, progressive form of fibrosis (scarring) of the interstitium. Its cause is unknown.
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: Interstitial lung disease that's often present with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma).
ARDS - Diagnosis and Management
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Interstitial Lung Diseases [ILD] Approach to ManagementArun Vasireddy
Diffuse (interstitial) lung disease includes a wide variety of relatively uncommon conditions presenting with characteristic clusters of clinical features and marked by an immune response. There are over 200 specific diffuse lung diseases, many of unknown etiology. The combined incidence is 50 per 100,000, or 1 in 2000 people. Because these conditions cause aberrant lung function, morbidity and mortality due to lung injury and fibrosis are not uncommon. Both environmental and genetic factors are believed to contribute to the development of diffuse lung disease. Antigen processing and presentation are important in the development of the immune response seen in the disease, and it is thought that the likely candidate genes predisposing patients to this category of disease are those of the major histocompatibility complex. Genes that affect the immune, inflammatory, and fibrotic processes may also influence who develops the disease. If we can identify the genes that cause diseases characterized by lung injury and fibrosis, we can eventually develop genetic interventional approaches to treatment.
ARDS - Diagnosis and Management
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http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/36156-ards-diagnosis-management-presentation-ppt-pdf.html#post89045
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https://only4medical.wordpress.com/
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=129413628862&ref=nf
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/only4medical/
Interstitial Lung Diseases [ILD] Approach to ManagementArun Vasireddy
Diffuse (interstitial) lung disease includes a wide variety of relatively uncommon conditions presenting with characteristic clusters of clinical features and marked by an immune response. There are over 200 specific diffuse lung diseases, many of unknown etiology. The combined incidence is 50 per 100,000, or 1 in 2000 people. Because these conditions cause aberrant lung function, morbidity and mortality due to lung injury and fibrosis are not uncommon. Both environmental and genetic factors are believed to contribute to the development of diffuse lung disease. Antigen processing and presentation are important in the development of the immune response seen in the disease, and it is thought that the likely candidate genes predisposing patients to this category of disease are those of the major histocompatibility complex. Genes that affect the immune, inflammatory, and fibrotic processes may also influence who develops the disease. If we can identify the genes that cause diseases characterized by lung injury and fibrosis, we can eventually develop genetic interventional approaches to treatment.
This is an ARDS case study presentation done by a group of Respiratory care students in UOD:
Aziza AlAmri, Fay AlBuainain, Mashail AlRayes, Nora AlWohayeb, Salma Almakinzi .
The original case study:(http://www.researchgate.net/publication/50399037_Acute_Respiratory_Distress_SyndromeA_Case_Study)
Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach
lining—known as the mucosa—is inflamed. The stomach lining contains special
cells that produce acid and enzymes, which help break down food for digestion,
and mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid. When the stomach lining
is inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.
Gastritis may be acute or chronic. Sudden,
severe inflammation of the stomach lining is called acute gastritis. Inflammation
that lasts for a long time is called chronic gastritis. If chronic gastritis is
not treated, it may last for years or even a lifetime.
Erosive gastritis is a type of gastritis that
often does not cause significant inflammation but can wear away the stomach
lining. Erosive gastritis can cause bleeding, erosions, or ulcers. Erosive
gastritis may be acute or chronic.
The relationship between gastritis and
symptoms is not clear. The term gastritis refers specifically to abnormal
inflammation in the stomach lining. People who have gastritis may experience
pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but many people with gastritis do not
have any symptoms.
The term gastritis is sometimes mistakenly
used to describe any symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Many
diseases and disorders can cause these symptoms. Most people who have upper
abdominal symptoms do not have gastritis.
How to manage a case of acute exacerbation of COPD according to GOLD guidelines. Sincere thanks to Dr. Amardeep Toppo who has prepared most of this presentation.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
2. Out line
• Objectives
• Introduction
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• s/s
• Most common causes
• Risk factors
• Diagnoses test
• Treatment
• Management
• Complications
• Drug therapy
• DIAGNOSES
• EVALUATION
• Summary
• references
3. Objectives
• Define ALI and describe the pathological process
• Know causes of ALI, and differential diagnosis.
• Understand mechanical ventilation of patients
with ALI .
• Most common causes ALI.
• What Diagnostic test do.
• And know nursing care plane.
4. Introduction
• Acute lung injury (ALI) and (ARDS) describe clinical
syndromes of acute respiratory failure with substantial
morbidity and mortality. Even in patients who survive
ALI, there is evidence that their long-term quality of life
is adversely affected.(1,2) Recent advances have been
made in the understanding of the epidemiology,
pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease.
• However, more progress is needed to further reduce
mortality and morbidity from ALI and ARDS
5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
It is thought ALI patients follow a similar
pathophysiological process independent of the
aetiology. This occurs in two phases; acute and
resolution, with a possible third fibrotic phase
occurring in a proportion of patients
6. Acute lung injury
• is the sudden failure of the respiratory
(breathing) system person with ALI has rapid
breathing, difficulty getting enough air into the
lungs and low blood oxygen levels.
7. S/S
• Rapid breathing; trouble getting enough air
• Abnormal breathing sounds, such as a crackling
noise or decreased breathing sounds
• Cough
• Fever
• Low blood pressure
• Confusion
• Extreme fatigue
• Bluish lip or skin color
• Anxiety or agitation
•
9. Risk factors for ALI
• Age
• Family history
• Smoking
• COPD
• ARDS
• Preexisting lung disease
• Chronic alcohol use
• Low serum pH
• Sepsis
▫ 40% of patients with sepsis develop ALI
10. And laboratoryDiagnoses test
• physical exam
• Echo (Echocardiogram)
• Oximetry
• Bronchoscopic biopsy
• Chest CT
• chest X-ray
Laboratory :
CBC , ABG , electrolytes test
11. Treatment
• Mechanical Ventilation
(is conventionally delivered as positive pressure
ventilation with PEEP via a tracheal tube)
• Fluid Management
(fluid restriction could lead to improvement in clinically
important outcomes)
• Steroids
Steroids exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting
arachidonic acid metabolism and reducing eosinophil
activity
• Prone Positioning
(to enhance oxygenation by improving alveolar
ventilation/perfusion AND improves lung mechanism)
12. Management of ALI
• Treat underlying illness
Sepsis, etc
• Nutrition
parenteral nutrition
Physiotherapy
Deep breath excise
• Suction (as needed )
• DVT prophylaxis
low molecular weight heparin
• GI prophylaxis
• Medications
(bronchodilators)
14. Drug therapy
• Agents studied:
▫ Corticosteroids
▫ Ketoconazole
▫ Inhaled nitric oxide
▫ Surfactant
• No benefit demonstrated
15. 1- Nursing DIAGNOSES
1-Ineffective breathing pattern related to Decreased lung
expansion
Goal :
Establish a normal/effective respiratory pattern with ABGs within
patient’s normal range
Nursing interventions
1. • Monitor vital signs every 1 to 2 hours
2. Auscultate breath sounds , chest excursion every 1 to 2
hours.
3. Check out respiratory function, noting rapid or shallow
respirations, dyspnea, reports any abnormal
4. • Monitor oxygen saturation and ETCO2 levels every 30
to 60 min
16. 2-Nursing DIAGNOSES
• 2- Impaired gas exchange related to effects of
near-drowning
Goal :
• Maintain adequate cardiac output and tissue perfusion
Nursing interventions
1. Suction via endotracheal tube as needed to maintain
clear airways.
2. Obtain ABGs as ordered or indicated; monitor and
report results.
3. Allow periods of rest.
17. 3-Nursing DIAGNOSES
• 3- Anxiety related to hypoxemia
Goal
• reduced anxiety levels
• ability to rest
Nursing interventions
1. • Explain the purpose and procedure of intubation.
2. Answer questions and provide Reassurance
3. • Administer analgesics and/or sedatives as ordered.
18. EVALUATION
reduce anxiety. MET
oxygen saturation improve. MET
PEEP is added to ventilator settings. After 3 days
of mechanical ventilation begins to improve.
placed on SIMV course of another 3 days CPAP.
eventually recovers fully, with minimal apparent
long-term effects.
19. Summary
• ARDS is a clinical syndrome characterized by
severe, acute lung injury, inflammation and
scarring
• Significant cause of ICU admissions, mortality
and morbidity
• Caused by either direct or indirect lung injury
• Mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes
and plateau pressures improves outcomes
• So far, no pharmacologic therapies have
demonstrated mortality benefit
• Ongoing large, multi-center randomized
controlled trials are helping us better
understand optimal management
20. References
Rubenfeld GD, et al. Incidence and outcomes of acute
lung injury N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1685-93.
Luhr OR, et al. Incidence and mortality after acute
respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress
syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. The
ARF study group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1999;159:1849061,
Bersten AD et al. Australian and New Zealand
Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group.
Incidence and mortality of acute lung injury and the
acute respiratory distress syndrome in three
Australian states. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2002;165:443-8.
Connors AF Jr, et al. The effectiveness of right heart
catheterization in the initial care of critically ill
patients. SUPPORT investigators. JAMA.
1996;276:889-97.