In this presentation, an introduction to Perspective Drawing has been given. All terms related to the topic has been defined and explained. And step by step procedure to draw One Point Perspective and Two Point Perspective is given at the end.
Types of Lines, Their Thickness
and applications in architectural drawings.
- Ar. Shreya Kataria, Asst. Prof., School Of Architecture IPS Academy, Indore
Types of Lines, Their Thickness
and applications in architectural drawings.
- Ar. Shreya Kataria, Asst. Prof., School Of Architecture IPS Academy, Indore
In this presentation, I have explained pitched roofs in details as follows:
1. external parts of pitched roofs
2. internal parts of pitched roofs
3. types of pitched roofs and their suitability
This presentation gives you a brief on town planning with emphasis on:
1. Objectives of Town Planning
2. Principles of Town Planning
3. Zoning
4. Green Belt
5. Road Systems
6. Master Plan
7. Redevelopment of Buildings
8. Slum Rehabilitation
In these slides, I've given an introduction to computer aided drawing (CAD), discussed its purpose & benefits, listed some of the commonly used CAD software and briefly introduced AutoCAD.
Principles of Planning of School (Public Building)Rohan Dasgupta
In these slides, I have explained the principles of planning of a school building, This is a part of the course Architectural Planning and Design of Buildings for 2nd year (semester - 3) Civil Engineering students of University of Mumbai. These slides may also be useful for Architecture students
How to find out Plagiarism or Similarity Index of Documents using Turnitin - ...Rohan Dasgupta
In these slides, I have explained the step by step procedure of finding the similarity index of documents and downloading plagiarism reports in various formats using Turnitin.
Feel free to download these slides and use the for training purposes.
How to download PPTs from Slideshare?
1. Register/Login to Slideshare.
2. Go to the Slideshow that you want to download.
3. Click on Save File option and click on OK.
In this presentation, the technology of MODULAR BUILDINGS has been discussed along with its Uses, Construction Process, Manufacturing Process, Design Considerations, Zoning Considerations, Strength Considerations, Advantages and Disadvantages.
This presentation gives you a brief on town planning with emphasis on:
1. Objectives of Town Planning
2. Principles of Town Planning
3. Zoning
4. Green Belt
5. Road Systems
6. Master Plan
7. Slum Rehabilitation
Building Bye Laws for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Building Bye Laws or Development Control Rules (D C Rules) for Residential Buildings as per National Building Code of India 2016.
This will be mostly useful for under-graduate Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
Principles of Planning for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Principles of Planning for Residential Buildings.
This is most useful for Civil Engineering students taking the course Building Design and Drawing.
Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Rohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016 which is especially useful of Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
Study of IS 962 1989 – Code of Practice for Architectural and BuildingRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of IS : 962 -1989 – Code of Practice for Architectural and Building and discussed the parts of the code that is useful for Civil Engineering students for Building Design and Drawing.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
3. • Drawing is the language Civil Engineers express their ideas in.
• Drawings give us detailed idea about the structure, as it will
appear.
• According to the need or purpose, drawings can be classified as:
i) Oblique Drawing
ii) Isometric Drawing
iii) Perspective Drawing
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
4. OBLIQUE DRAWING
• The top and side view of the object is shown by projecting
oblique lines from a frontal orthographic view i.e. elevation in an
oblique drawing.
• Angles commonly used for oblique drawings are 30°, 45° and 60°.
• If 30° angle is taken from horizontal axis, it gives more detailed
view of one side.
• If 45° angle is taken from
horizontal axis, it gives more
clear idea about both the sides.
• If 60° angle is taken from
horizontal axis, it gives a clear
view of the top view of the
structure.BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
5. ISOMETRIC DRAWING
• The prefix “iso” is derived from the Latin word “isos” meaning
“equal”.
• To draw an isometric view, the object or structure is turned to
make the 3 sides visible in such a way that they should lie on 3
equally divided axes about a centre.
• A pleasing view is obtained by
keeping one axis vertical and
other two axes at 30° angle with
the horizontal.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
6. PERSPECTVE DRAWING
• The word “perspective” means the proper relative position of
objects as seen.
• Perspective drawing is the only drawing which represents
contemplated building as it would appear to a spectator.
• It is the representation of an
object on a plane surface as it
would appear to the eye when
viewed from a fixed point.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
9. PLAN
ELEVATION
• This is the PLAN or Top View of
the box.
• You are looking directly down
on the box and there is no
height shown in the handle.
• This is the ELEVATION or Front
View of the box.
• You are looking directly up on
the box and there is no depth
shown in the handle.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
10. • One point perspective provides
a three-dimensional depiction of
the box.
• Notice the flat front of the box
and the parallel lines forming
the sides of the box recede
towards a single point.
• Two point perspective also
provides a three-dimensional
depiction of the box.
• But in this view there is a
leading edge and each side
appears to get smaller as they
move away from the leading
edge.
ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
14. DEFINITIONS:
• Vanishing points (VPs):
The imaginary point(s) in an
image where parallel lines appear to
converge in as they go further away
from the observer, are known as
vanishing points.
It coincides with the eye level of the
observer.
If an image has one vanishing point,
it’s known as one point perspective; if
it has two it’s called two point
perspective.
• Horizon Line:
The imaginary horizontal line passing through the VP where
the sky appears to meet the ground is called as horizon line.BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
15. DEFINITIONS:
• Station point (SPs):
The position of the observer in plan with respect to
dimension of a structure is known as the station point (SP).
• Eye Level Plane:
The imaginary horizontal plane passing through the
observer’s eye and the horizon line and parallel to the ground level
plane is known as eye level plane.
• Central Visual Plane:
The imaginary vertical plane passing through the observer’s
eye and perpendicular to the eye level plane and ground level plane
is known as central visual plane.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
16. DEFINITIONS:
• Picture Plane (PP):
The imaginary plane cutting through both the eye level plane
and central visual plane in a mutual perpendicular fashion, is known
as the picture plane (PP).
It can be imagined as a transparent plane cutting through the
path of the visual rays. It forms the focal plane onto which all
the information is projected.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
17. • How to draw a one-point perspective drawing:
✓ Given data:
i) Plan of the structure
ii) Elevation of the structure
iii) Position of station point
iv) Height of the observer
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
18. • How to draw a one-point perspective drawing:
✓ Steps:
i) Draw the given plan on the extreme top of the drawing sheet.
Note: If the station point is to the left of the plan, draw the plan
on the extreme top right and vice versa.
ii) Mark the picture plane (PP) and the station point (SP) on the plan
with the help of the given data.
iii) Draw the given elevation at the bottom of the drawing sheet.
Note: If the station point is to the left of the plan, draw the
elevation on the bottom left and vice versa.
Leave adequate distance between the station point and the
elevation for a neat drawing.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
19. • How to draw a one-point perspective drawing:
✓ Steps:
iv) Draw the ground level (GL) and mark the vanishing point (VP) on
the elevation with the help of the given data.
v) Draw the true shape of the face lying on the PP with the help of
projections from the plan and elevation.
Note: Straight faces only will maintain their true shapes in the
perspective; inclined faces will not maintain their true shapes in the
perspective.
vi) In the plan, join points of details (wall edges, windows, doors etc)
of the face NOT lying on the PP to the SP.
vii) In the elevation, join the points of details of the same face to the
VP.BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
20. • How to draw a one-point perspective drawing:
✓ Steps:
Note: No projections from the true shape face can be directly joined
to the VP. Projections must be first transferred to the edge of the
tapering face and then joined to the VP.
Similarly, inclined edges on the true faces are also to be first projected
on to the edge of the tapering end and then joined to the VP.
viii) To get the details of the tapering end in perspective, draw
projections of the same from the lines joining the SP at the point
where they’re cutting the PP.
ix) Join the details on the tapering face to complete the one point
perspective drawing.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
21. • How to draw a two-point perspective drawing:
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
22. • How to draw a two-point perspective drawing:
✓ Steps:
i) Draw the inclined given plan at the top centre of the drawing
sheet with an edge leading.
Note: If angle of inclination is not given, take 30 degrees for
longer side and 60 degrees for shorter side.
ii) Draw the picture plane (PP) and the station point (SP) on the plan
with the help of the given data.
iii) Mark the ground level (GL) at a suitable place at the bottom of
the sheet and draw the horizon line (HL) at a length equal to the
height of the observer.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
23. iv) In order to draw the vanishing points (VP1 and VP2), from the
SP draw lines parallel to the sides of the plan to meet the PP.
From these points on the PP, project lines downwards to the
HP. These are the VPs.
v) Draw the elevation on either side of either VP according to your
own convenience.
vi) Only the leading edge will maintain its true length in the
perspective view. Join the extreme ends of this edge with the
VPs on both side.
vii) In the plan, join all details to the SP and from the points where
they’re intersecting the PP, bring down the projections.
viii) Take projections of the same details from the elevation on to
the true edge and project them back to their respective VPs.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD
24. ix) Join the details on the tapering face to complete the one point
perspective drawing.
BDD-II_Mod2_PrDr_AIKTC_RD