This document discusses different lateral load resisting systems and structural designs for tall buildings. It describes framed tube systems which make the entire building act as a hollow tube to maximize strength and stiffness. Bundled tube systems involve several interconnected tubes to resist loads. Tube in tube systems have a core tube inside holding services and an exterior tube that takes gravity and lateral loads. Diagonal bracing systems stabilize structures and distribute load effects. Core and outrigger systems transfer moments from the core to perimeter columns. Examples mentioned include 30 St. Mary Axe (The Gherkin) and Burj Khalifa.

2. EFFECT OF WIND LOAD ON TALL STRUCTURE
Horizontal or Floor system
Vertical or Framing system
Lateral Load Resisting System

4. Lateral Load Resisting Systems
Frames
Shear Walls
Tubes

5. framed tube system
Maximum Efficiency of the entire structure for lateral
strength and stiffness can be achieved only by
making all column elements connected to each other
in such a way that the entire building acts as a hollow
tube or rigid box cantilevering out of the ground.
Such a system is called Framed Tube System.
Framed Tube system

6. The BUNDLED TUBE system involves, instead of
one tube, several individual tubes interconnected
to form a multi-cell tube. Together they work to
resist the lateral loads and overturning moments.
TUBE IN TUBE This system is also known as 'hull and core' and
consists of a core tube inside the structure which holds services
such as utilities and lifts, as well as the usual tube system on the
exterior which takes the majority of the gravity and lateral loads.

7. Diagonal structural system
A bracing system serves to stabilize
the main girders during construction,
to contribute to the distribution of
load effects and to provide restraint
to compression flanges or chords
where they would otherwise be free
to buckle laterally.

8. Different types of Diagonal bracing

9. A core and outrigger system
The role of the outriggers is to reduce moment
in the structure’s core by acting as the stiff
headers that transfer the moment from the
core, to the mega columns generally located at
the perimeter of the building by stimulating a
tension–compression couple in mega columns

10. DIA GRID
STRUCTURE
• Floors: 40 floors Height:
179.8 meters
• Client: Swiss Re
Reinsurance Company
• Design Team: Foster and
Partners
SWISS RE—THE GHERKIN
30 ST. MARY AXE

11. DESIGN IDEAS- Norman was inspired by
the design of aircrafts and the way that
streamlined bodies interacted with wind.

12. OPENINGS

14. FLOORING SYSTEM

15. SERVICE FLOORS

16. FOUNDATION -Because of site restrictions and in order to create
a monolithic foundation, all the piles were poured in one day.
No.of piles : 333 Length of pile : 9km Dia of pile : 750mm

18. The concept of this building is inspired
from a flower ‘HYMENOCALLIS’.
spiral minarets that are
an important part of
Islamic architecture.
OUTRIGGER
STRUCTURE
Burj khalifa was designed
by Adrian D. Smith.
Stories: 206
Maximum Height: 2,717 Feet / 828 Meters

20. The building is a bundled tube, i.e. many tubes of various
heights combined together and has a shape of a three wings.
Each with at 120 degree to the other. This shape of the
structure helps a lot in resisting the earthquake forces
“buttressed”
hexagonal hub