PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
KAFCO Housing,Bangladesh
Tara Housing,India
Aranya low cost Housing,India
Helen Housing, Switzerland
Oil and Mineral Exploration and
Development Corporation
Housing, Bangladesh
leed, rating system, green designs, sustainability, green concept, different rating systems of leed, manitoba hydro place, leadership in energy and environmental design, comparison between leed and other rating system , leed india
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune based architect and has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. He and his partner came up with the concept “Office in the garden”. Spread over 10 acres, this magnificent structure is one of the largest green building projects of the country and is also one of the India’s first buildings to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption.
The infrastructure within the campus is designed to enable water percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased water table level.
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
sustainable achitecture - introduction - design - need for it - elements - green roof , solar shingles , rain harvesting , cob houses - techniques - examples
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
KAFCO Housing,Bangladesh
Tara Housing,India
Aranya low cost Housing,India
Helen Housing, Switzerland
Oil and Mineral Exploration and
Development Corporation
Housing, Bangladesh
leed, rating system, green designs, sustainability, green concept, different rating systems of leed, manitoba hydro place, leadership in energy and environmental design, comparison between leed and other rating system , leed india
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune based architect and has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. He and his partner came up with the concept “Office in the garden”. Spread over 10 acres, this magnificent structure is one of the largest green building projects of the country and is also one of the India’s first buildings to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption.
The infrastructure within the campus is designed to enable water percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased water table level.
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
sustainable achitecture - introduction - design - need for it - elements - green roof , solar shingles , rain harvesting , cob houses - techniques - examples
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Presentation is an attempt to briefly describe the context of Green Building- its role and importance in promoting sustainability and reducing global warming besides the design strategies which go into making of a Green Building. It also define the advantages and the rating system defined by IGBC for the Green Building.
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Construction technology remains critical for creating state of art and quality built environment besides making built environment sustainable, cost-effective and affordable. Despite being considered as promoter of economy and employment, construction technology in the country remain largely obsolete and outdated. Little effort has been made to change the culture of construction industry and make it move forward from construction to manufacturing of buildings. Majority of Buildings constructed in the country follow on-site construction practices , whereas very little has been parceled to off-site construction. Construction sector needs innovations and redefinition to learn from global good practices so as to make buildings cos-effective and time efficient. Construction industry has to create new order of skilling in order to embed technology in the industry. Despite the fact that majority of industries have made optimum use of digital technology to improve productivity, reform processes and achieve higher order of dividends, but building sector has remained a laggard leading to creeping in higher order of inefficiency; lack of productivity with buildings becoming more cos-t intensive. It is time for construction industry to look at the manner it is being operated and should redefine itself by embedding latest technologies. With India already recognized as global leader in digital technology, it should be much easier and quicker to bring construction industry and digital technology on the common platform to usher an era of inducting sustainable construction practices and make building sector more sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient and affordable for majority of the Indians. This would help achieve twin objectives - not only of empowering poor but also help in meeting the goals defined in SDGs.
Presentation focuses on the cost effectiveness of buildings through rationalizing architectural design, opting for green buildings, looking at life cycle cost, promoting professional management, optimising labour, materials, plants time etc to avoid time/cost over-run and to finish the project within defined scope, money and time
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation attempts to highlight the role and importance of pre- fabrication as an option for promoting speedier and quality construction which is both cost-effective and time efficient. Process has the capacity to make construction sector sustainable and minimizer of consumption of natural resources
Climate Responsive Design of Buildings-1-9-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its peculiar qualities of being large consumer of energy, water and renewable/non-renewable resources throughout its lifecycle, spanning from planning, designing, construction, occupation and maintenance besides generating large waste. In addition, buildings are also responsible for adversely impacting environment, destroying bio-diversity and causing sick building syndrome. Buildings are also known to be primarily responsible for global warming, rising temperature, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Accordingly, buildings are known to create conditions of warming planet earth and raising its temperature. In order to make buildings supportive of cooling the cities and moderating its temperature, it will be important that buildings are planned, designed, constructed, maintained and operated with care and caution to minimize its adverse impact on with cities, environment , ecology and bio-diversity. In this regard, using rationally/logically the nature / natural elements including land, sun, space and greenery, as the basic elements of design and operation of the buildings will be most valuable for minimizing the adverse impact of buildings. Passive design of buildings, based on the nature and natural elements, is known for its capacity to minimize the use of non-renewable resources and optimize the natural renewable resources for meeting its day-to-day needs. Based on circular economy such buildings generate minimum waste and accordingly help in making them climate, and resource responsive.
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
- NITTTER- 12-8-22-what makes a building intelligent.pptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Making building intelligent shall be a challenge for communities by exploring all technological options available . All Buildings can be made intelligent. Intelligent buildings unlike the green buildings are more expensive both operationally and during construction. Both have their limitations and applications. We need to make buildings both green and intelligent to make this world more sustainable and built environment offering convenience, comfort, safety and productivity
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
presentattion Role and Importance of Pre-Fabrication (3).pptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation makes a case for promoting pre-fabrication as a unique approach to make buildings cost-effective, time -efficient, resource- efficient, qualitative and sustainable, resilient, energy-efficient and climate responsive.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
3. Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth, development
Buildings – definer of future journey of human growth
Buildings-- a manmade environment
Buildings-- vital for human growth
Buildings – living organism
Buildings – structures catering to all human activities
Buildings --valuable - 80% human life spent in buildings
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
4. Buildings– provide optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings -- vital to overcome human/ ecological concerns,
global warming, reducing carbon footprints
Making Buildings Sustainable-- essential to make value
addition to -- resources, environment ,ecology
Researches made/Studies carried out revealed —
Green buildings-- create win-win situation for owners,
occupants & users
A Green School-makes learning easy & more meaningful
A Green House--makes people happy, healthy, productive
A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall-- increases sale / profits
5. BUILDINGS --AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment-significantly impact environment and consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
• --70% of global warming outcome of ;
•--built environment & transportation
-- Majority of existing buildings
--- low concern for energy conservation.
10. WHAT CONSTITUTES INITIAL COST OF
BUILDING
Cost of building includes:
I Cost of land
ii Cost of construction
iii Cost of maintenance and
iv Cost of operations
Building cost viewed --in both -- short term & long term
Building cost also evaluated -- Initial Cost & Life Time Cost
Short Time Cost includes-- Initial Cost of Construction of building
Long Term Cost component --- whole life cost.
Whole life Cost of building includes:
--initial design cost
--construction cost,
-- on-going operations and
-- maintenance cost ,
-- parts replacement cost
-- disposal cost or salvage value, and
-- useful life of the system or building
To promote economy in building– Life cycle cost of
building will be critical
15. --Adopting integrated approach to Green building design
--Design based on Climate
Macro Climate – Regional climate;
Meso Climate– local climate
Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
--Orientation -- to optimize light , heat gain/ heat loss
Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
--Wind direction---using air movement for ventilation/ cooling
--Planning of Building-- optimize site, size, shape of building, planning of spaces, allocating uses, placing
rooms, circulation, promoting building efficiency, promoting natural sunlight, air / ventilation
--Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids/voids, positioning –openings/projections,
shading devices, height, shape of building, natural lighting and ventilations etc
--Materials- Materials used for buildings -- low embodied energy materials; locally available; used in
natural form, lightweight –
--Technology- cost effective/material efficient/speedier/energy efficient
-Indoor Air Quality-Creating optimum living conditions for occupants
--
16. Daylighting
Local materials
Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
22. Architectural design and Planning
– Best option to reduce cost—Site planning based on optimum utilization of the land/available resource
Minimizing area under roads, services, parking etc
Adopting optimum design solutions- architecturally, structurally, Services etc
Adopting Simple form, ;
Optimum utilization of spaces- both within/outside ; Multiple uses of spaces,
Minimizing area under walls, circulation etc,
High building efficiency (high carpet area/covered area ratio),
Low rise- avoiding lifts;;
Minimum wood work-- minimum doors
Minimizing variations in the sizes of doors and windows,
Avoiding large openings
Room/corridors sizes based on the available sizes of tiles /marbles for avoiding wastage when laying flooring etc.
Using windows/ glass opening sizes based on available sizes of wood/glass in market
Making simple safety provisions for disaster management
Promoting Standardization; Reducing Building Load- self/ occupied, Designing thin and lean structures
Minimizing PH fixtures/toilets ; Clubbing/planning all public health services in close proximity.
Adopting efficient structural system
Avoiding large spans; Avoiding large projections ; Avoiding large area under balconies and projections.
Making optimum use of day lighting
Making optimum use of prevailing wind direction for cross –ventilation, where required; Designing with nature
Making optimum use of Panchbhutas while designing- Prithvi, Agni, Vaayu, Jal and Aakash
Making optimum use of orientation;; Making optimum use of sun for heat and light
Adopt integrated approach to design
Minimize single loaded corridors, promote doubly loaded corridors to minimize area under circulation
Minimizing building foot- prints ;; Designing compact buildings
Designing Green Buildings –to reduce cost of electricity/water and generating its own energy
28. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
a movement representing ;
--technological choice made applicable locally on;
--small-scale,
-- which is affordable ,
decentralized,
labor-intensive,
energy-efficient,
environmentally sound and
people-centric.
Involving locally autonomous solution to solve local issues / work
-- originally articulated as intermediate technology --by economist Ernst
Friedrich "Fritz" Schumacher-- in his work Small Is Beautiful
Outcome of -- energy crisis of the 1970s
focuses-- on environmental / sustainability issues
Mahatma Gandhi -- often cited --"father" of appropriate technology movement.
30. Prefabricated buildings are buildings,
-- designed /constructed in factories in parts,
-- as per modular design,
- Transported and placed on site
--joints taken care through in-situ concrete or
anchors.
numerous prefab technologies used in India/ in
different countries.
National Building Code of India,--
-- has prepared design standards for
--various prefab Technologies being used in India.
31. Majority of construction in India follow;
-- traditional on-site pattern of construction.
--Known as linear construction,
-- where every component not only constructed on site,
-- but also completed before project moves to next phase.
--Such construction has major implications in terms of
-- time;
-- cost,
--quality,
safety,
noise,
pollution,
manpower
32. Highly time consuming-time intensive
Generating large scale waste- material inefficient
Construction largely dictated by prevailing weather conditions.
Pollution intensive; Unsafe for workers deployed in construction.
Large manpower needed for making /supervision-manpower intensive
Large inventory of material-material intensive/Storage facilities
Creation of accommodation for workers deployed at construction
Loss/theft of material- Constructed/Individual/human oriented
Large variation in quality- dependent on work force deployed
Use of lot of water/energy – resource intensive- Grey Buildings
Increased initial cost of construction- cost inefficient
Uneconomical in cost/resources- cost overrun
Delayed return on project Unpredictable project schedule- Construction
inefficiency
Limited application in hazardous areas
Large site disruption ; Adverse impact on surroundings
33. ADVANTAGES
Building in Hazardous Area
Assured Quality Construction
Material Efficiency
Cost- Efficiency
Green Construction
Flexibility
Reduced Site Disruption
Time Efficiency
Safety
34. Building in Hazardous Area-----Advantages in remote area/disasters/ areas hit by
disasters where-
accessibility/manpower/transportation of materials/time available problem --best
option for construction in minimum time /cost.
--In hill areas with extreme climatic conditions--pre-fabrication help in creating
well insulated structures/least susceptible to extreme outside climate. -Leh,
Ladakh, Lahaul, Spiti
Assured Quality Construction
Constructing building components in industrial setting----- under highly controlled
environment -- involving lot of quality checks/ balances, - components produced has
assured uniform quality unlike site-built structures.
Modular buildings manufactured to code-making owners free from worry of
quality,-- saving of time/energy involved in supervision
35. Material Efficiency
Prefabricated buildings-- known for material efficiency --both onsite /off-site..
-- do not produce waste, since material for construction arrives in finished state .
-- leave/ create very little waste --during the manufacturing, assembly, disassembly
---involves just putting together-- all components as per approved design..
Cost- Efficiency
Capacity to promote economy /cost- efficiency,
generally achieved through; large discounts received from material suppliers,
-- reduction in construction time,
--- mass production of components and
-- economy achieved through standardisation,
---repetitive nature of operations and large scale operations.
--Reduction of wastage and in- house recycling of the extra materials
-- less storage cost ,
-- less material loss
-- saving on labour hours /manpower cost in construction
--without weather constraints and on-site/off-site-- work done simultaneously
36. Green Construction
-Modular buildings require less power consumption compared to traditional constructions,
-- Eco-friendly, both in long / short-term.
--lower life cycle energy implications as compared to on-site construction
-- Minimum requirement of water due to --absence of onsite watering of brick/concrete
-- Energy efficiency-- achieved through using recycled materials
-- Resource efficient /greener construction process-- due to reduced material waste/ pollution --
increased use of recycled materials
Flexibility
Flexibility --based on easy dismantling /Relocation of buildings to different sites,
being made of numerous individual parts-- also permit flexibility in building structure/
design by changing design of specific prefab component.
37. Reduced Site Disruption
Traditional construction-- involves major site disruption
-- all building processes performed on site
-- transporting/storage/mixing of materials/water storage/creating residential space for labour etc
--- In prefab construction much of these disruptions taken away from the site
-- factory manufacturing reduce traffic, equipment/ material suppliers around final construction site.
Time Efficiency
-- Time efficient to build-- taking less than half time when compared to traditional construction
--due to better planning, reduced site disruptions and quicker fabrication of multiple components.
-- Permits multiple projects simultaneously -- Reduced on-site construction manpower /supervision leads to construction
efficiency.
-- Minimum operation for finishing on site including watering of concrete/ brick walls, seasoning of wood, painting and
polishing of wood/door etc, which minimises t time span for construction
Safety
Promote safety of building after construction including safety of workers at site during construction
. Risks/ dangers posed by hazardous sites, weather, etc., neutralized
-- components mostly manufactured in a controlled/ safe environment
38. Monotony
Restricting additions and alterations
Reduced Resale Value
Roadblock in Financing
Accuracy and Precision
High Transportation Cost
Mass Production
Skilled Manpower and Cost
39. 133 Houses constructed in solar
colony, Leh in a record of 45 days
only
The material transported in trucks
to Leh-- in lots of 4 units
Plinths consisting of 9 nos. Concrete
stumps were commissioned at site
with help of local contractors and
labor in ahead of arrival of
PUF(Polyurethane Foam) panels.
PUF panels are more warmer than
the mud blocks.
PUF panel is one of the most effective ways to maintain the energy
efficiency of the building.
40.
41.
42.
43. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
VICTORIA HALL KOLKATA
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
FRONT FAÇADE ADORNED WITH DEEP SCREEN OF PRE-
CAST CONCRETE, A SORT OF MINIATURE brise-soleil
44.
45.
46. S.No. SPECIFICATIONS
1 Structure Load Bearing Structure/Framed
2 Wall Thin walls of Panels/Precast
3 Roof Prefabricated with Steel
4 Flooring Sheet/Tiles
5 Skirting/Dado Sheet/Tiles
6 Plaster May/May Not
7 Mud Fuska May/May Not
8 Parapet Prefabricated
9 Joinery Prefabricated
10 CC Gola/Khurrah/Coping May/May Not
54. Established 1990,
-promotion of— cost-effective, environment-friendly & energy-efficient
innovative building materials / construction technologies
for housing in urban / rural areas / disaster resistant tech.-Taking technologies from
lab to land.
Using , mechanization, standardization, dissemination, capacity building /field level
application.
. introduced building materials / technologies
–using agro-industrial wastes
--flyash based bricks/blocks,
-- cellular light weight concrete,
-- bamboo based materials, bagasse boards etc.
-- Partial pre-fabrication / pre-fabricated components,
-- Constructed houses -- for demonstration purposes.
For increased productivity /quality, the Council -- developed easy-to-operate
simple machines, used in construction
65. Housing- Type 12
Cost-effectiveness -- Adopting design solutions providing for optimum utilization of space
; row housing to minimize area under walls;
common walls between adjoining houses to economize on space and cost;
using bricks, locally available ;using modular system of optimum grid of 8’-3”;
using walls as the structural elements to support the roof;
using pre-cast battens and tiles for the roof
clubbing of services within house /adjoining houses
; extensively using brick jallis for perforation
minimizing size of openings -to economize on cost of wood and glass;
using standard battened doors with cross braces;
bringing large area under exposed brick work to minimize maintenance;
variety in design achieved through recessed entrances, small square windows, projecting structural walls, exposed roof battens
using pre-cast gargoyles for draining rain water instead of cast iron rain water pipes;
maximum height of room placed at 9’-6”;
using simple floors made of plain cement;
maintaining high quality of construction using quality bricks ;
minimizing use of steel ,concrete and shuttering.
Adopting a clustering approach in layout plan
69. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
VICTORIA HALL KOLKATA
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
FRONT FAÇADE ADORNED WITH DEEP SCREEN OF PRE-
CAST CONCRETE, A SORT OF MINIATURE brise-soleil
72. Lawrence Wilfred "Laurie" Baker (1917 – 2007) -- British-born Indian architect,
renowned for cost-effective/ energy-efficient architecture -- that maximized space,
ventilation /light / maintained striking aesthetic sensibility
73.
74. With the country having millions of homeless families, it is imperative that what money is
available
must be used ONLY for essentials, and none of it for fancy frills!
There are many factors that must be kept in mind;
MATERIALS – are the materials we want to use for building LOCALLY AVAILABLE? If not
– can we afford transport costs? Can we not use only locally available items as far as
possible?
Then we must ALWAYS keep the CLIENT in mind.--Remember that the CLIENT is the
beneficiary – not a Government Department etc!--Will he be able to accommodate
comfortably all his dependants?
Will he be able to extend the house when, later, his sons grow up and earn money?
Will the house be STRONG and SECURE?
Can sheds or verandas be added by him for home occupations, like carpentry or
weaving etc?
Does the plan allow for local cultural and religious ways of living?
What about water and sanitation? And what about approachability?
Our aim of “Cost Efficiency” must include all these things.
75.
76.
77.
78. Rat trap bond--Architect Laurie Baker introduced --in Kerala in 1970s
-- brick masonry method of wall construction, in which;
-- bricks placed in vertical position
- instead of conventional horizontal position
-- creating a cavity (hollow space) within wall. -- used extensively
-- lower construction cost,
-- reduces material
-- provide better thermal efficiency
--than conventional masonry wall
--without compromising
- with strength of wall
79. -Bricks placed in vertical position,
- 110 mm face seen from front elevation, instead of 75mm face
(considering brick of standard size 230 X 110 X 75 mm).
- width of wall remains 230mm,
-- internal cavity created.
-- Saving Apprx 30% Material (brick and mortar)
--Cavity--Reduces cost of construction
-- Cavity provides- effective thermal/sound insulation
--making rat trap bond-- energy /cost efficient building technology
- resulting in cooler interiors during summer / warmer interiors during winter
All vertical / horizontal reinforced bands/ lintels (for standard size openings),
-- electrical conduits hidden inside wall,
-- better aesthetic appearance without plastering (exposed brickwork)
80. Things to consider while using rat trap bond
Good Quality Bricks used
with consistent size /straight edges
First layer (bottom) / last layer (top) of wall—
should be solid (without cavity).
Layer at sill / lintel levels of opening /
sides of opening to be solid (without cavity) for fixing frames.
Reinforcement bars put in vertical cavities at corners / around openings
--to improve earthquake resistance. -- Reinforcement bars can be put in horizontally
--to make lintels / improve earthquake resistance.
Electrical conduits /plumbing pipes, with prior planning, --can be put inside cavity for better
aesthetics.
81.
82. FERRO-CEMENT
Ferrocement-- a construction material consisting of;
-- wire meshes / cement mortar.
- Large Applications in construction due to
-- low self weight,
-- need for lack of skilled workers/ framework etc.
developed by P.L.Nervi,-- an Italian architect in 1940
. Quality of ferrocement works – assured
-- because components manufactured on machinery set up
-- execution time at work site is less.
-- Cost of maintenance is low. .
• Strength depends on two factors-- quality of sand/cement mortar mix and
quantity of reinforcing materials used.
83. FERROCEMENT-ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages
• Basic raw materials readily available.; Fabrication into any desired
shape.
• Low labour skill required. Ease of construction, low weight and long
lifetime.
• Low construction material cost. Better resistance against
earthquake.
• Disadvantages-- Structures punctured by collision with pointed
objects.
• Corrosion reinforcing materials-- incomplete coverage of metal by
mortar.
Difficult to fasten to Ferrocement with bolts, screws, welding and
nail etc.
Process of Ferrocement Construction--Fabricating skeletal framing
84. A thin walled composite concrete with a uniform distribution of reinforcement of chicken wire
mesh and weld mesh, encapsulated in a rich cement mortar
Drastic reduction in section thickness & reinforcement; by using an arch Geometry
89. Using cost-effective materials,
Using pre-cast, pre- fabricated, re-cycled materials
Using local materials,
Using minimum variety of materials
Using materials in the natural form
Using recycled materials from demolished structures- bricks etc.
Using available building components from old buildings- doors, windows, fixtures furniture etc.
Using materials made from waste- fly ash bricks etc.
Minimizing use of steel and Cement,
Using materials requiring minimum maintenance and upkeep/replacement
Using materials which are light weight
Using materials which are easy to handle
Using materials not occupying large space
Using materials which can be handled by locally available labour and manpower
Using materials which do not requiring specialized cutting and shaping
Using materials not requiring special machinery and manpower for handling
Using materials available in standard shape and size, having little variations
Using materials requiring minimum fixing and bonding materials.
Using limited number of variety of materials for flooring, roofing construction to avoid wastage
Using materials which leaves no wastage.
Using materials involving less quantity
Using materials requiring less water for manufacturing/laying/curing
Using materials requiring less energy for manufacturing- low energy
Using materials which permit speedier construction
Using materials involving minimum transportation
90.
91. Hollow blocks allow ;
- adoption of thinner walls
- increased floor space,
- air space of -- 25% block’s
total area,
- -- saves material.
- Lightweight
- - less self-load of building- --
- use less material for
jointing
- - Withstand earthquake
better
- - easy to install
- -- Since blocks are precast,
-- surface is smoother
-- requires less plastering
material.
.
93. i. Strength at par with hard wood--- Bamboo extremely strong
natural fibre, on par with hardwoods-- when cultivated, harvested,
prepared and stored properly
-- Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with a
high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.
--Bamboo has higher compressive strength than wood, brick or
concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel
ii High Flexibility - Bamboo highly flexible--during growth trained
to grow in unconventional shapes.
-- After harvest, may be bent /utilized in archways / curved areas.
iii. Earthquake-resistance - Great capacity for shock absorption, --
makes it useful in earthquake- prone areas.
iv. Lightweight - Bamboo extremely lightweight.
-- Building with bamboo can be accomplished faster with simple
tools than building with other materials.
-Cranes /other heavy machinery rarely required.
v. Cost-effective – Economical--- especially in areas where
cultivated/ readily available.
--Transporting cost also much lesser.
-- Helps achieve cost effective construction.
94. vi. vi. Durable - Long-lasting --as its wooden correlates, when properly
harvested and maintained.
·vii. Fast Growing--Bamboo fast growing species / renewable resource
which can be cultivated in most types of soil. ·
viii. Simple designing- Designs of Bamboo components being simple,
there is no need of highly skilled labour.
·ix Reducing use of wood-- Dependency on natural forests for wood
reduced thus contributing to the protection of the environment.
·x Eco- friendly-- As it can grow in many types of soil, bamboo
cultivation is suitable for rehabilitation of degraded forests and other
waste lands thus converting them into fertile lands to some extent.
xi Promoting Employment– Creating employment opportunities
especially for rural people --as Bamboo manually woven before making
them into Bamboo Mat / Boards, Bamboo Mat Veneer Composites and
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets.
·xii Promoting Welfare of society/poor- Promotes overall welfare of the
society, particularly of economically weaker section.
xiii Reducing GLOBAL warming- Captures 17 mts CO2 per hectare
per year- more than any specie
xiv Improves indoor air Quality- By removing carbon and adding
oxygen when used as Indoor plant
95.
96.
97.
98. Reduced Embodied Energy: using Fly ash- lime-
Gypsum bricks-- 40% reduction in embodied energy of
masonry.
• Environment Friendly: Fly ash brick uses unfired
Fly Ash technology -- CO2 emissions in
manufacturing process limited..
• Excellent Thermal Insulation: The buildings using
fly ash bricks -- cool in summers and warm in winters.
• Fire Resistance: very high-- as these bricks
composed of fly ash as its major constituents, which is
un-burnt residue of the coal fired in a thermal power
plant.
• No Efflorescence: Fly ash bricks resist salt and other
sulphate attack, ensuring no efflorescence in
structure.
99.
100. MUD
Mud as a construction
material has been extensively
used since ancient times.
Less embodied energy
Various techniques used
with number of stabilizers to
construct with mud.
Mud construction is mainly
found in places which are
relatively dry and
have mud in abundance.
101. PRECAST STONE BLOCKS
Made by using waste stone
pieces .
Shaping stones enables speedy
construction
saves on cement,
reduces thickness of stone walls
.
Saves Plaster Works.
102. In rural Nigeria, a few creative visionaries have
created something called bottle brick technology that
allows them to build strong structures using water
bottles and soil.