This document discusses cost management in buildings. It notes that buildings are large consumers of resources and major contributors to pollution and carbon emissions. Effective cost control during design and construction is important as projects often suffer from cost and time overruns due to poor cost management. Good design, project management, schedules, budgets, and monitoring can help achieve cost control. Designing buildings to be more sustainable, green, and energy efficient can also improve cost effectiveness over the lifetime of the building.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجي...Galala University
As sustainability is becoming more and more a familiar topic in engineering practice and education, the problem remains on how to achieve sustainability in front of client, cost and construction industry challenges. The lecture proposes the integration of sustainability in design process, education and legislation. The lecture focuses on sustainability strategies that can be incorporated in practice and design process. The goal is to make sustainability an integral part of practice that influences both design and construction stages. Other attempts should be made to make sustainability an integral part of legislation and education.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
This presentation defines and enables the readers to understand the concept of modular construction and the aspects and applicability for the execution of modular construction.
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجي...Galala University
As sustainability is becoming more and more a familiar topic in engineering practice and education, the problem remains on how to achieve sustainability in front of client, cost and construction industry challenges. The lecture proposes the integration of sustainability in design process, education and legislation. The lecture focuses on sustainability strategies that can be incorporated in practice and design process. The goal is to make sustainability an integral part of practice that influences both design and construction stages. Other attempts should be made to make sustainability an integral part of legislation and education.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
This presentation defines and enables the readers to understand the concept of modular construction and the aspects and applicability for the execution of modular construction.
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
Presentation is an attempt to briefly describe the context of Green Building- its role and importance in promoting sustainability and reducing global warming besides the design strategies which go into making of a Green Building. It also define the advantages and the rating system defined by IGBC for the Green Building.
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Presentation focuses on various aspects of promoting economy in built environment through design, materials, construction, technologies/ professional management, standardisation , mass production etc.It also brings out strategies and options to make buildings cost-effective.
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Construction technology remains critical for creating state of art and quality built environment besides making built environment sustainable, cost-effective and affordable. Despite being considered as promoter of economy and employment, construction technology in the country remain largely obsolete and outdated. Little effort has been made to change the culture of construction industry and make it move forward from construction to manufacturing of buildings. Majority of Buildings constructed in the country follow on-site construction practices , whereas very little has been parceled to off-site construction. Construction sector needs innovations and redefinition to learn from global good practices so as to make buildings cos-effective and time efficient. Construction industry has to create new order of skilling in order to embed technology in the industry. Despite the fact that majority of industries have made optimum use of digital technology to improve productivity, reform processes and achieve higher order of dividends, but building sector has remained a laggard leading to creeping in higher order of inefficiency; lack of productivity with buildings becoming more cos-t intensive. It is time for construction industry to look at the manner it is being operated and should redefine itself by embedding latest technologies. With India already recognized as global leader in digital technology, it should be much easier and quicker to bring construction industry and digital technology on the common platform to usher an era of inducting sustainable construction practices and make building sector more sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient and affordable for majority of the Indians. This would help achieve twin objectives - not only of empowering poor but also help in meeting the goals defined in SDGs.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
- NITTTER- 12-8-22-what makes a building intelligent.pptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Making building intelligent shall be a challenge for communities by exploring all technological options available . All Buildings can be made intelligent. Intelligent buildings unlike the green buildings are more expensive both operationally and during construction. Both have their limitations and applications. We need to make buildings both green and intelligent to make this world more sustainable and built environment offering convenience, comfort, safety and productivity
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Managing cost and making housing cost- EffectiveJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Housing is known to be the most cost-intensive, labor intensive, resource intensive activity and accordingly remains most difficult to create and provide for individuals, states and nations. However, looking / considering at the length , breadth and depth of the housing and the components involved in the making of the housing, there exists numerous opportunities to make housing cost-effective and affordable. Paper accordingly looks at the options at how to make housing most affordable in terms of-- cost, money, resources etc. It looks at the options of architectural design, building materials, construction technologies, levies, taxes, fees, project management ,sourcing land etc. as the options to minimize the cost and make shelter affordable and cost-effective in terms of livability and quality of life.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
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White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
2. BUILDINGS –
-- in relation to human
development,
resources, local and
global contexts
3. BUILDINGS- ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
Buildings -- would continue to define future journey of human
growth
Buildings-- make manmade environment-
Buildings-- vital for human growth
Buildings –are living organism
Buildings -- structures cater to all human activities
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
4. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment has significant impact on environment and
consumption of resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
• 70% of global warming outcome of ;
•--built environment
•-- transportation
•Majority of existing buildings --- low concern for energy conservation.
5. COST CONTROL IN BUILDING DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION.
All Clients interested in--
-- obtaining fully functional facilities completed---
-- within time, cost, quality / scope by Builder constructing;
-- within estimated time
-- budget,
-- right standards
-- quality
-- as per approved plan
Cost Management —a process where;
-- construction cost of the project is managed
--through best methods and techniques involving design,
construction technologies, materials, manpower/resourc
environment e / waste management,
--so that available resources are put to optimum use
-- when carrying out activities of project.
--One of the aims of cost control is
-- to construct at cheapest possible cost
-- without compromising with the quality
8. COST MANAGEMENT
Globally Projects suffer from;
cost overruns
time overruns
-- stemming from
-- poor cost control during design
-- project implementation stages.
-- Commonly used cost control techniques include;
-- Good design
-- Professional Management
-- well defined schedules
-- Good budget,
-- Regular inspection,
-- Professional meetings,
-- Precise reports,
--Well maintained records,
-- Effective monitoring
--Objective evaluations.
9. COST CONTROL IN BUILDING DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION.
Terms budget and cost plan are synonymous.
--A development budget ;
determine total costs &
--returns expected from the project..
Purpose of cost control plan is
-- to allocate budget to main elements of project
----to provide a basis for cost control.
objective of cost control is
-- to manage delivery of project within approved
budget
10. COST MANAGEMENT
During execution of project; Managers expected to be—
-- well equipped to execute project,
-- ensuring quality of work,
-- within estimated cost limits.
-- knowing procedures for project control
-- keeping Time
Cost control achieved by Selecting;
-- Right man for right job,
-- Right equipment
--right tools for right work
-- right quality of materials--- in right quantity,
-- from right source, -- at right price -- delivered at right time.
11. COST MANAGEMENT
Difficulty in controlling project costs;;
-- delays by clients to release money,
-- delay to make a decision,
-- lack of materials and equipment,
-- bad weather,
-- overlapping of activities,
-- unclear and incomplete drawings,
--making good defective works,
-- failure to control productivity of resources.
-- theft and vandalism
--- interference by clients,
--high labour turnover,
-- insufficient knowledge on cost control techniques. --rather lack of
knowledge of techniques,
--poor management of cost control methodology,
-- poor site organisation and
--inadequate supervision.
12. COST MANAGEMENT
1 Project Resources and Controls
-- Men,
-- materials,
-- machinery
-- money
-- critical resource/input for project
-Project success depends upon their performance
For controlling costs –
--clients should do everything possible
-- to avoid unnecessary delays
--to avoid cost escalation.
14. OPTIONS FOR MAKING BUILDINGS COST-
EFFECTIVE
Adopting Sustainable Development Goals
Looking at Life Cycle cost-- instead of initial
Cost
Adopting Good Building Design
Designing Green Buildings
Effective and Professional Project Management
Effective Material Management
Effective Plant Management
Effective Labour Management
Adopting State of art building Technologies
16. COST EFFECTIVE BUILDINGS- SDGS
Making building cost–effective by;
Designing sustainable / resilient buildings;
Promoting Net Zero energy buildings
Incentivizing Green Rated Buildings
Ensuring use of local materials
Using materials in the original form
Promoting Local /state of art Technologies
Promoting Research and Development in Construction sector
Making construction sector- more professional, effective and
efficient
Skilling the construction sector
Promoting industry- academia interaction
17. SDG 11- MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE
,SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE
21. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
Life cycle assessment -Best option to make buildings cost
effective by;
-- helping avoid a narrow outlook
-- evaluating environmental, social /economic concerns
-- Making assessment of full range of impacts
---associating cradle-to-grave stages of a process:
-- including impact of energy and Resources
--Makes assessment of :
--operational/ maintenance over entire life span
--Impact on global warming potential,
-- resource use, air /water pollution and waste.
shifting away from a --prescriptive approach,
-- toward the scientific evaluation of actual performance—--
Best way to evaluate -- cost effectiveness of buildings
23. GREEN BUILDINGS
Green building though considered expensive in initial cost-
- saves much more money
-- Makes Building cost-effective -- against ordinary buildings ---houses,
office buildings, schools, factories etc because they save;
-- energy,
-- water ,
-- have lower maintenance/operational cost
---money spent on its creation ensures return at least 10 times.
Study by Californian Sustainable Building Task Force--in 2003.
-- Even 20% of higher investment into green building
-- makes -- 10 times more saving.
-- Green Building makes a business sense
-- It provides win-win situation for owner, user, client
Green building can be expensive as much as a conventional building.
25. DESIGNING GREEN BUILDINGS
Optimum design solution is one that effectively emulates all
natural systems and conditions of pre-developed site-after
development is complete.
•Adopting integrated approach to building design for
reducing energy in buildings involve :
Site planning-
planning with nature
making use of site potential --location, shape, size,
orientation, accessibility, vegetation, surroundings,
topography, physical barriers, bye-laws, zoning, electric lines
, future development, soil, wind direction, services, land use
, view etc
Evolving minimum energy consumption building envelop
design.
Promoting higher order of building efficiency.
Integration of renewable energy sources to generate
energy on site.
Selection of ecologically sustainable/ low energy
materials.
Using eco- friendly construction technologies.
Effective water and waste management.
Innovative options used for Lighting, heating, cooling,
air- conditioning and ventilation.
28. DESIGNING-- COST EFFECTIVE BUILDINGS
Building Design -- most powerful tool to achieve cost- effectiveness –
Buildings need to be designed by adopting integrated approach to
building design which include;
Optimizing the macro climate- climatic zone
Optimizing the local climate
Optimizing the Orientation-
Optimizing the Solar movement-- to maximizes use of free solar
energy for heating /lighting- Generating electricity
Optimizing Wind direction-air flow
Optimizing site planning--- planning with nature, making best use of
site climate/ site potential/ climate, orientation, landscaping
Optimizing space planning in building-
Optimizing Design of Building envelop- Height, openings, projections,
shading devices -- with minimum energy implication
Designing buildings which facilitates the use of cost-effective materials
and cost effective technologies
29. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Good Architectural design based on following principles—
Buildings to be the product of site- driven by its shape, size,
dimensions, physical features, surroundings, accessibility,
location, neighborhood, views , architects vision etc
Doing a detailed analysis of the site through a SWOT
Making best use of the strength of the site
Overcoming through design all the prevailing weaknesses
Respecting site and the existing physical features
Avoiding tempering with the site through minimizing
disturbance
Avoiding cutting the existing trees, flora and fauna- making them
integral part of designing of building
Minimising cutting and filling of the site
Making best use of materials available on the site
In case of rebuilding- using maximum demolished material in the
new building
In the contoured site- try to plan along the contours and not
across the contours- to avoid cutting and filling
30. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Good Architectural design based on following principles—
Define clearly the goals/agenda of building right in the beginning.
Building performance must be monitored even after the building is
made operational.
Design a compact building with minimum footprints
Workout the building details right in the beginning
Involve all the professionals right in the beginning for designing and
detailing
Avoid changes during construction
Design buildings based on specified norms and standards to avoid
their over/under-designing
Adopt a shape which leads to minimum length and area of walls
Building must achieve high space efficiency-- carpet area x100/gross
area--- with minimum area under walls, circulation and amenities
Evolving design having-- low wall area/floor area ratio
Evolving design on optimum structural grid
Planning room sizes based on the available product sizes of flooring-
to avoid wastage
31. REDUCING CONSTRUCTION COST- DESIGN
Design with least amount of wastage & negative spaces.
Stick to right angles and simple room shapes to minimize
complexity of construction.
Where design is form based- avoid negative spaces or spaces having acute
angles
Build multi- storied construction- foundation and roofing
costs per square foot are high.
Don't increase slab heights
Design Lean- Decrease self -load of building
Don't design for additional floors if not required
Use same flooring in all rooms/ toilets, --to reduces
wastage.
Plan Electrical/Plumbing- services carefully- .
Don't compromise on quality--reduce requirements to fit
your budget
Look at the life-cycle cost rather than initial cost to achieve
real cost effectiveness- Initial cost only 10%, operational
cost- 90%
32. ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Promote Sharing--Adopt a system of building common walls between
adjoining houses to economise on space, materials, time / structure
For multi-storeyed buildings--- repeat floor plans one above other –
with no change in structural componenets
Keep/club your spaces that need plumbing --close together or above
each other to minimize cost
Design all public health services near to supply / drainage network to
reduce length of pipes and cost
Design Green Buildings – saves lot of water and electric energy- makes
building cost- effective over entire life cycle
Provide standard sized doors with limited variations- minimise sizes of
doors provided
Minimise number of doors
All finishing/fittings- floor, windows, glass, paneling etc designed
based on standard size products available in market- to minimise
wastage etc-- Build to match standard material dimensions.
Using pre-caste /pre-fabricated products to the extent possible- doors/
windows cupboards etc
Avoid fancy/false/decorative structures in building
33. ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Make your rooms versatile to optimise space utilisation—
-- example - do you really need a living room --same space can serve
many uses. A guest room can be an expensive luxury
Design spaces based on living and non-living areas- with living areas
placed in the best possible orientataion
Avoid corridors to extent possible- Corridors can be dead space-- only
used for moving between adjacent spaces
-Avoid single loaded corridors- to optimize space
Where unavoidable- provide optimum width of the corridors
Think long term-- as cost of ownership spans may be many years. Some
extra insulation and passive heating / cooling may be beneficial over the
length of your home ownership. .
Select your window placement well-- they are costly - in first cost and in
energy loss---select standard window sizing.
Keep bathrooms to a minimum, --- most expensive room per square foot in
home.
Try to design multi use bathrooms--- with private enclosures for shower,
toilet and sink-- have 3 people using one bathroom at same time.
Keep indoor quality of spaces high
Make optimum use of courtyards in narrow sites and in the hot climate
Make courtyard spaces multi-functional
34. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Building envelop needs to be designed with care
Avoid unnecessary projections and balconies- make buildings
expensive and consume large amount of space.
Openings- windows and doors need to be placed carefully- looking
objectively the requirement of sunlight, air and ventilation.
Sizes and placement of the windows need careful study- they are
expensive
Shading devices have to be carefully worked out and can be largely
avoided based on careful study of the orientation and the site.
Make best use of the vegetation and trees to shade and make
buildings cool
Avoid multi-layering of projections to protect openings
Make best use of arches instead of Concrete lintels to reduce cost
Use of Jallis to cover large/small openings can help in achieving dual
purpose of providing light and ventilation besides avoiding large glass
windows
Avoid cladding of external walls and allow the natural materials to
define the building envelop
35. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Minimizing area under walls to make buildings lightweight
and to increase carpet area.-- using pre-cast concrete
blocks, reducing width of walls-7 1/2 “ instead of 9” walls/
pre-cast concrete blocks
Use innovative technologies-- Rat-Trap brick walls to
reduce quantity of material used
Evolving design on optimum structural grid
Use new cost- effective materials ---aerated cement
concrete blocks to reduce the width of walls, weight of wall,
number/ size of joints, use of cement etc
Use local & contemporary materials
Use materials in the natural form- avoid using additional
layers on natural material
Use materials having minimum maintenance cost
Use UPVC or Aluminium Windows instead of teak wood,
same goes for doors, use flush doors instead
36. PROMOTING ECONOMY THROUGH GOOD DESIGN
Minimise provision of dead/storage spaces in the usable
areas- make use of negative spaces- making multiple uses
of space under the stairs etc
Adopting Solar Passive Building Design makes building
cost- effective over entire life-span
Limiting the scope of building--Build What You Need
Makes building effective, efficient and cost-effective.
Adopting the approach-- less is more-- will always make
buildings more compact and efficient
Adopting the principle in designing-Simple is beautiful -
will always make buildings cost- effective
Designing lean and smart makes a building cost-effective
39. COST MANAGEMENT --- MATERIALS
-- Major problems at site --- -- large amount of materials wastage
--during procurement storage, utilisation.
-- Wastage during procurement
-- --buying materials of wrong specifications,
--buying more than actual requirements ,
--untimely buying of short-life materials,
--improper / unnecessary handling of materials, -- wastage in transportation.
Wastage during storage occur due to ;
--damages /breakage during handling,
--deterioration due to incorrect storage,
--incorrect maintenance -- short-shelf life
--loss due to fire, thefts/vandalism,/ exposure to extreme climatic conditions.
-- lack of pre-work preparation /coordination,
-- improper accounting -- poor storekeeping,
-- negligent /careless attitude of supervisor,
-- deterioration due to long storage at place of work,
-- over-issues from central stores -- failures to return unused surplus materials to stores.
--wastages during utilisation- wrong construction practices
. Most problems relating to material wastage revolve around—
requisitioning /ordering/ receipt /checking of deliveries from suppliers/ offloading and
handling, storing / issuing,/distributing /use of materials.
40. COST MANAGEMENT- PLANT
In construction some tasks
-- labour intensive,
-- equipment, intensive
-- combination of both.
-- Actual work done /associated labour accounted by supervisor
-- equipment /productivity control undertaken to--
determine employment time/output achieved/its productivity at
site
Purpose of control
-- to minimize wastage in utilisation
-- overall project cost is not affected
-- industrialising construction would reduce—
-- cost of construction by about 30%.
41. COST MANAGEMENT- LABOUR
. Labour productivity achieved at site provides a measure of ;
--labourer’s efficiency
--effectiveness
-- level of site organisation.
-- shows total time for which labourer was employed at work,
-- time he was productive
--time he remained unproductive
-- Craftsmen use 40% of available time on productive activities,
-- about 33% of the time on non-value adding activities --idle
waiting/unnecessary travelling,
--late starting,-- early quitting, --unscheduled breaks,
-- delays to receive materials/ work instructions.
-- cost of labour -- of 30 to 40% of project costs.
-- labour a significant factor in cost of buildings
-- cost control process involves;
-- accounting of actual productivity
-- comparing with standard,
-- analysing causes for variations
-- taking remedial measures for improvement.
-- Need for close supervision and good working relationship.
42. COST MANAGEMENT- TIME-COST RELATIONSHIP
Relationship between time/ cost
-- very important aspect in
-- control of costs on site
-- as variation in time has implication on cost.
-- Important to report/ record
-- all works involving materials, plant , labour on sites.
-- This enables contractor to know;
-- costs / expenses of resources used on site and
-- compare with initial cost budget.
-- Various report/ techniques used include
--; daily or weekly/ monthly recording,
-- schedule control,
-- site daily diary report
-- project budget.
43. COST MANAGEMENT---MATERIALS
Material wastage reduced by ensuring that Materials delivered ;
-- as required to cut site storage time,
-- those specified,
-- issuing right amount of material with reasonable allowance
-- materials stored do not deteriorate.
--Employing a reliable store keeper
-- able to maintain well kept booking system
-- use of weigh bridges
-- spot checks for materials deliveries
-- Safeguarding against Theft /pilfering of materials -- by,
issuing of items by store men and
keeping records of all the materials on site
--employing full-time security guards.
--Sites fitted with alarm systems installed around key materials
-- ensuring that whole site lit up at night.
44. COST MANAGEMENT---PLANT/MACHINERY
Use of machines at building sites insignificant
Mechanising construction - 30% cost- reduce
Contractors encouraged to use of machine
-- advantages of speeding up construction work,
-- saving labour,
-- producing better quality works
-- promote economy
-- able to do what cannot be done manually
--. Once brought to sites--, machines used optimally
-- redundant time lead to high cost.
45. COST MANAGEMENT---LABOUR
Project cost control achieved by;
-- improving labour productivity on site,
-- recording labourers’ work progress,
-- daily work evaluation,
--recruitment labour with right skills
-- substituting labourers with equipment,
- having schedules /proper control
--creating procedure / records in place.
-- Creating good working environment
-Motivation / proper communication
--Regular inspections
-- Early detection of variances
--Using good quality plan,
--Efficient, effective , vigilant processes
- Mechanism to ensure its successful accomplishment.
47. COST MANAGEMENT-- CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Construction sector makes large contribution to economy with
linkages to several other sectors of economy.
India projected to become world’s third largest construction market by
2025
Construction sector -- key driver for Building Economy.
Construction Industry in India highly fragmented.
Needs to be made globally competitive/productive/cost-
effective/efficient / sustainable.
Need for study /analysis of the prevailing gaps in international and
national standards-- regarding construction practices and
technologies
Align national standards for design, construction, maintenance
and operation with global standards,
Bring down cost of construction besides maintaining high
standards of quality
Need to transform construction industry to make it sustainable--- from
focussing on traditional concerns of "cost, time and quality", to include
“construction products and materials”,
--- to reduce natural resource consumption and minimize waste on site
48. SKILLING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Despite employing one- sixth of total workforce / involving huge money /consuming largest
proportion of resources, construction industry remains highly unskilled.
Major maladies in construction-- lack of skill.
Making construction industry more efficient,/productive / innovative,
-- quality / skilled manpower is deployed.
--Cental/ state governments – to take initiative of creating skilled manpower by;
-- promoting dedicated institutions,
-- collaboration with stakeholders.
Building dedicated training Centres
ITI’s / polytechnics-- Start vocational courses related to construction industry.
Funds available under National Urban Livelihood Mission --used for creating large skilled
workforce---to overcoming
-- problems of unemployment /poverty besides
- making building industry more innovative / efficient .
-- Engineering colleges /institutions imparting higher education--leveraged to create new
construction technologies /building materials from waste--to make industry more cost-effective
/ resource efficient.
Continued training of in-service professionals engaged in the construction sector made
mandatory
For skilling construction industry,-- only skilled manpower shall be employed for certain tasks
in the construction projects.
-- Initially, limited to larger projects but
--gradually it must be made mandatory for all projects.
-- PWD Codes -- reviewed periodically to make them inclusive /supportive of innovations in
construction industry.
49. ADOPTING BEST CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
For construction sector to be effective/ efficient, it must ensure ;
-- structural integrity / stability of buildings
-- functionality & safety of both users and occupiers.
-- To ensure quality construction --Singapore defined mechanism of checks / balances to check quality of building
during designing , construction / maintenance
-- which not only provides best construction practices but also ensures continued adherence to process
. -- mechanism outcome of learning-- from collapse of Hotel New World, Singapore in March 1986
-- Enquiry conducted about collapse of hotel building revealed that;
-- structure was grossly under-designed-- quality of construction was very poor.
-- building was poorly maintained-- plenty of warning signs indicated a possible collapse during 13 years of
existence of building .
-- In 1989, Singapore passed a legislation, which mandated;
-- all construction projects to undergo mandatory checks at design/ construction/ completion
stages
-- Seek certified design reviews prior to commencement of construction;
--- Appoint independent construction supervision during construction and
---periodic structural inspections of buildings, after completion of construction
.-- buildings designed by duly qualified professionals.
-- building design reviewed by Senior professional engineer, before building is constructed.
-- Design Review Certification helps in providing structural integrity, building stability /user and occupier safety costs
about 0.15% of total construction cost.
-- Mandatory Testing during construction through professionally certified Engineers-- costing not more than 1% of
overall cost of construction
Certification of buildings based on highest standard subsequent rectification work becomes minimal.
Periodic help in making buildings more cost- effective over its entire life span
System ensures construction of buildings carried out in a most professional manner / building of appropriate quality
51. COST MANAGEMENT--CONCLUSION
Cost remains causality due to;
- Poor Architectural Design
-- Adopting time consuming Construction methodologies
-Lack of knowledge of management techniques
-- laxity in supervision.
-- Lack of awareness of workers of performance targets
-- lack of communication between supervisors / workers.
-- Inefficient use of project resources
-- High dependency on manual labour
-- Poor quality of labour
--Best option- controlling cost at design stage.
--During implementation– Putting in place procedures of cost
control of resources
-Promoting High degree of professional constructionmanagement
-- detecting variance / formulating corrective measures
-- skill up-gradation of contractors – through refresher courses in
construction project management etc