Making building intelligent shall be a challenge for communities by exploring all technological options available . All Buildings can be made intelligent. Intelligent buildings unlike the green buildings are more expensive both operationally and during construction. Both have their limitations and applications. We need to make buildings both green and intelligent to make this world more sustainable and built environment offering convenience, comfort, safety and productivity

1. What makes a
Building Green and
Intelligent
Jit Kumar Gupta
Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter, IGBC, Chandigarh
jit.kumar1944@gmail.com

2. Buildings- Role and Importance
 Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
 Buildings -- would continue to define future journey of
human growth
 Buildings-- constitute manmade environment-
 Buildings-- remain vital for human growth
 Buildings – are living organism
 Buildings – cater to all human activities
 Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
 Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
 Buildings - largest consumers of resources
 Buildings – largest generators of waste
 Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
 Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
 Buildings -- responsible for global warming
 Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability


3. Buildings- Role and Importance
 Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living conditions
 Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
 Buildings -- 80% human life spent in buildings
 Buildings -- vital for – human beings & ecology
 Buildings- needs to be made Sustainable
 Buildings- must add value to resources, environment
 Studies revealed —
 A Green School-- makes learning easy and more
meaningful
 A Green House--- makes people happy and healthy
 A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
 A Green Shopping Mall-- can increase sale / profits
 Intelligent Buildings- improve operational efficiency of
green Buildings and improves productivity of users

4. Buildings- Built Environment
 Architects $ Engineers – Create built environment using;
 --Siting
 -- planning/ designing,
 --construction,
 --operation,
 -- maintenance
 --Demolition and
 -Reconstruction
 Professionals play-critical role/ responsibility in making value
addition to;
-resources ,
--environment ,
--ecology by
-- creating sustainable built environment.
Opting for Green and intelligent Buildings - will ensure;
–- Reduced energy/resource consumption ;
-- generation of less waste ; for making tomorrow more Sustainable
-Each building remains unique,
--requires different options to make it intelligent

5. DEMOGRAPHY-
Indian

6. Population Scenario- India-2011
 Population of India reached
 1210 million in 2011
 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50% in
Urban India.
 During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4 times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
 Increased population requires
 --More cities,
 -More Buildings
 More housing,
• More educational/ healthcare/ institutions
-- space to be added- 700-900 m sqm annually

7. Context of
Buildings-
Resources/e
nvironment

8. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming-- buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Annual addition of- 700-900msqmts
•-energy/ environment implications can be critical.
•Buildings -- designed /constructed/ operated
•- considering--- energy/ sustainability/resources

9. ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN
•Globally, developed world - major consumer of
energy.
•Energy consumption in developing world low.
Category Population Energy Used
Developed world 22% 70%
Developing world 78% 30%
Energy Consumption increasing rapidly due to -
- Industrialization ,
-Urbanization
 --increased prosperity,
- globalization
China/USA consume-
3.5/11 times energy/ compared to India
 50% energy consumed by buildings.
-- Construction -- 5% whereas
-45%- energy used for operations/ maintenance
Building energy component largest
--Possibility of reduction
 --50% to 70%

10. Designing Built Environment


11. Changing
Context of
Buildings-

12. Changing Construction Perceptions

13. SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable

15. Defining Green
& Intelligent
Buildings

16. Need for Green& Intelligent Buildings
 Looking at major implications of built environment
 Buildings needs to be made;
 - Sustainable/Energy efficient/Eco-friendly/ Water efficient
 dynamic. operational efficient -- in terms of equipment
 Providers of; comfort, convenience, security, productivity,
efficiency
 For making buildings sustainable --new fields - “Green &
Intelligent Building" -- gaining momentum
 large Reduction of Energy consumption/ Resources/ Green
house gas emission possible by;
Adopting integrated approach to creating built environment.
Evolving climatic responsive building designs
Using Energy efficient- low energy--Materials / Equipment/
Technologies.
 Retro fitting of existing buildings
Using state of art soft and hard technologies; IoT; Cloud
Computing
--SDGs also calls for
 - -Promoting Energy efficient buildings,
 -Net Zero energy buildings and
 - Green Rated & Intelligent Buildings
 - should also include ;Making Building intelligent

17. Defining- Green & intelligent
Buildings

18. Green Buildings – Definition
 A Green Building is one which;
Uses less
Water
Optimizes
Energy
Efficiency
Conserves
natural
resources
Generates
less
waste
Provides
healthier
spaces

19. Defining Intelligent buildings;
 Intelligent buildings
 -- buildings which use technology /complex
automated systems for
 - Make informed decisions regarding;
 - Reducing Energy Consumption;
 -Less usage of water
 -Generating less waste
 -Optimising operational efficiency
 -- Improving well-being of occupants
 – making working and living better and easier
 -- Bringing flexibility in built environment;
 - - Optimising available resources
 - Improving; -- human Comfort, Convenience,
 --Security and Productivity of occupants

20. Defining context of Intelligent
Buildings
 An intelligent building ;
 --thinks for itself
 -- does things for you before you ask,
 -- anticipates your needs
 -- helping what you need to do.
 - Creating efficient/sustainable workplaces/
Environment where
 --building reacts to occupants rather than
 -- occupants reacting to Building.
 -Minimising human involvement with
buildings

21. Benefits of
Green/Intelligent
Buildings

22. Benefits of Green Buildings

23. •i. Green Building helps in :
• ii. Up to 50% --saving in Energy
•iii. Up to 40%-- saving in Water consumption
•iv. 35% -- Reduction in carbon emission
•v Reduction of 8000-12000 Tons of Co2-- per million Sq. ft. of building
• vi saving of 3 MW --in connected electric load / million Sq ft building
• vii Reduction of 70% waste -- facilitate easy handling
•viii Reduced load-- on municipal water handling plants
•ix Enhance brand image--attracting national/international companies
•x Better returns due to higher rents
•xi Benefits to State :
•Reduction of electric demand– less production capacity
•- saving 21000- 27000 MW for new construction to be added
•Reduction in solid waste- less waste to be carried/dumped
•Reduction in water requirement- less water sourced/supplied/smaller
network – lower development cost Reduction in waste water
•Financial benefits, Environmental benefits, Social benefits
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS

24. Intelligent Buildings- Advantages
 Intelligent Buildings helps in;
 - Making Buildings more Sustainable and more livable
 -Improving further operational efficiency of buildings
 Making buildings more cost-effective
 --Promoting higher order of energy efficiency
 --Promoting greater water conservation
 -Reducing generation of waste
 - Further Reducing Carbon footprints
 Creating more Healthy Environment
 Creating better workplace experience
 Empowering employees
 Increasing productivity
 Driving business success.
 Streamlining facilities management
 Automating day-to-day operations
 -Green buildings &intelligent buildings have same objectives

25. Intelligent Buildings-capability
intelligent buildings empower occupants
/owners/tenants
 Adjusting lighting / temperature of a room- Using
smartphone app
 Finding convenient parking spot,
 Locating workspace –matching personal
preferences
 Making workspaces “healthier, safer, and more
functional.”
 Improving indoor quality in rooms -- with CO2-
controlled ventilation,.
 --Increasing rental price
 -Generating more profit for building owners.
 Acting as one “brain,”-- producing data for
measuring, recording, / analyzing building/service
performance
 --using insights to improve services
operation/performance,
 --lowering cost of operations /maintenance,
 -- Generating higher satisfaction ratings among
tenants

26. Tangible Benefits
 Reduce operating costs
 Optimize life cycle
economic performance
 Reducing maintenance
cost
 Increasing Rental Values
 Attracting Quality Tenants
 Increasing Asset Value
◦ Sustained savings
 Energy savings: up to 50 %
 Water savings: up to 40 %
HPCL-Admin Building, Vizag

27. In-tangible Benefits of
 Environmental benefits
◦ Reduce impact on environment-- Reduce destruction of
natural areas, habitats, biodiversity
 Health and Safety benefits
◦ Enhance occupant comfort-- Improve Productivity of
occupants
ISRO-NRSC, Shadnagar, Hyderabad

28. Cost of Green
Buildings

29. Building Year
awarded
Built-in Area
(sq.ft)
Rating
Achieved
%
Increase
in cost
Payback
(Yrs)
CII-Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
ITC Green Centre,
Gurgaon
2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8 % 5 years
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years
Spectral Services
Consultants Office, Noida
2007 15,000 Platinum 8% 4 years
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Cost of Green Buildings-Indian Experience
 Cost showing a decreasing trend over the years
 Incremental Cost lower-- if base design has already factored normal Green features

30. Godrej IGBC Building- Hyderabad

31. Intelligent Buildings

32. Green Buildings- life cycle
costs
Operating Cost 89%
Maintenance/
Consumables 1%
Initial Cost
10%

33. Cost –benefits for intelligent
Buildings
smarttechnologies /systemsnot free.
 -Involvesignificant investment,But
 --Provide enormouscost savingsby:
• Decreasing inefficiencies
• Reducing energy use
• Savingtime/manpowerfor maintenancestaff
• Ensuringrepairs before- become problems
• Decreasing wear /tear on systems
• Lengthening lifetime of all automatedsystems
• Increased facility management/productivity
• Data-drivenmaintenancecontracts- withability to validate work
paid for work
• makingoccupants Happy,attract high-qualitytenants. Make
assetsmore invaluableassets

34.  Designing
Green&
Intelligent
Buildings

35. Designing Green& Intelligent Buildings
1--Adopting integrated approach to building design
2.--Design based on Climate
 Macro Climate – Regional climate;
 Meso Climate– local climate
 Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
3.--Orientation -- to optimize natural light and heat gain/heat loss
4-- Sun movement-- to maximizes use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
5.--Wind direction---using movement of air for ventilation/ cooling
6. --Planning of Building-- to optimize site, shape of building, planning spaces,
allocating uses, placing of rooms, circulation, promoting building efficiency,
promoting natural sunlight, air /ventilation
7. --Designing Building Envelop--–positioning of openings & projections,
planning for shading devices, determining height/ shape of building, natural
lighting& ventilations etc
8.--Materials- Materials to be used for buildings- low embodied materials locally
available and in natural form, lightweight – reduce self load
9.--Technology- cost- effective, material efficient, speedier construction, energy
efficient
10.-Indoor Air Quality- Creating optimum living conditions for residents

36. Intelligent Buildings- design
Context
 Intelligent building design integrates;
 -- IoT-connected devices,
 --cloud computing,
 --augmented reality,
 --brings other systems into one platform
 -- adjusting HVAC to save energy.
 --Each intelligent building remains unique-
- Countless possible applications exist
based on technology.
 --Most designers focus on
 energy efficiency or employee productivity.

37. intelligent building-- capabilities
 Setting smart thermostat to turn on A/C- when building
temps rise above 72°F for optimizing heating and
cooling cost
 Using motion sensors - for trigger lights in less-
trafficked hallways to save energy;
 Installing access control system-- to improve building
security and restrict access;
 Managing connected facilities-- through a Building
Information Modeling (BIM) system;
 Promoting Efficiency metric in facilities management;
 Evaluating efficiency of space utilization
 A Motion sensor lights can push your efficiency in right
direction.

38. Intelligent Buildings- context
 Intelligent Buildings Known to provide; -
comfort, convenience, security, productivity,
efficiency
• Make you Warm- when cold outside or Cool -
when hot
• Provide lighting- to complete tasks /move safely
around building
• Have sufficient power; for using devices
• Have acceptable network connectivity-- for
accessing internet/ corporate system
• Providing comfortable/safe surroundings- for
work
• Providing secure environment in building /while
traveling
• Increasing Productivity

40. Intelligent Buildings Essentials
 Intelligent buildings require;--Reliable internet connectivity;
 -- to leverage IoT capabilities
 -- Architect need to ensure maximize coverage within
building,
 -- Avoid too many small sub-division of internal space-
hampering internet connectivity
 --avoid using building materials which block signals
 - Integrating various building systems- security, safety,
energy, lighting, HVAC, mechanical mobility
 Include an innovative wiring system
 -have contingencies in place for emergencies.
 Using – most reliable infrastructure
 --for bringing various systems together.
 While upgrading a standard building/ designing a facility from
ground up
 - extensive wiring plans remain intelligent choice

42. Focus Areas: Green Buildings

43. Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)-
Supported by Technology
Prithvi (Earth) Site Selection and Planning
Jal (Water) Water Conservation
Agni (Fire) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight, Night Sky Pollution
Daylighting
Views
Water Body Local materials

45. Green&
Intelligent
Buildings-
Role of Climate

46. INDIAN CLIMATIC ZONES

47. Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Insulation of building envelope/roof/walls
Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) Massive structure
Decrease air exchange rate
(ventilation during the day)
Smaller windows openings, night ventilation
Increase buffer spaces Create Air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs
Increase shading Protect External surfaces by- Overhangs, Fins
and Trees
Increase surface reflectivity Use Pale Colour, glazed china mosaic tiles etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with Lower Solar Heat Gain Co-
efficient-SHGC and provide shading for
windows. Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate
(ventilation during night-time)
Courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of
openings
Increase humidity levels Trees, water ponds, evaporative cooling

49. Cool Roof

50.  Energy
Efficiency

52. Cost effective strategy for energy efficiency
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering

54. Energy Efficiency
 Energy efficiency achieved through ;
 Adopting Passive design strategies --
through building shape , orientation, passive
solar design, use of natural lighting.
 Planning and Designing Spaces-
differentiating habitation/non-habitation,
cool roof
 Using natural light- positively impact on
productivity /well being.
 Installing high-efficiency lighting systems--
with advanced lighting controls-- motion
sensors / dimmable lighting controls.
 Using properly sized / energy-efficient
heat/cooling system in a thermally efficient
building shell.

55. Energy Efficiency
 Maximize light/ dark colours for roofing /
wall finish materials in hot/cold regions;
 -- install high R-value wall/ ceiling
insulation;
 -- using minimal glass on east/ west
exposures.
 -- Minimizing electric loads from lighting,
equipment, appliances.
 --Involving alternative energy sources --
photovoltaic /fuel cells
 Computer modelling -- for optimizing
design of electrical and mechanical
systems and building shell.

57. Bahrain World Trade Center -
Bahrain
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways

58. Apple Park - Cupertino
• Apple Corporate headquarters hold 12,000 employees
• one of the most energy-efficient buildings in world.
• Temperature regulated with high tech ventilation--
tubes laid in ceilings & floors for cooling

63. Sun pipe- Day Light Harvesting
Sun Pipes used to lit
basement,
Viswa Syamalam, IGBC Platinum

64. Managing Heat
from Roof

70. Present Best Practices
Green Roofs & Walls

73. Water Efficiency- 4Rs- Refuse, Reduce, Recycle,
Reuse
 Adopting Strategies for – Using efficient technogies for
Slow the flow/ breaking water /water conservation/RW
Harvesting/Ground water charging/ multiple use of water
 Designing for dual plumbing-- using recycled water for
toilet flushing / gray water system that recovers
rainwater or other non-potable water for site irrigation.
 Minimizing wastewater-- use ultra low-flush toilets, low-
flow shower heads/ water conserving fixtures.
 Using Re-circulating systems for centralized hot water
distribution.- using technology
 Installing point-of-use hot water heating systems-- for
more distant locations.
 Metering water use – both for domestic/ landscape
separately- Monitoring water consumption level
 -- Promoting micro-irrigation /sprinklers / high-pressure
sprayer-- to supply water in non-turf areas.
 Involving communities --Through education /incentives
 Promoting Green /intelligent Buildings as a Brand

75. Water Consumption
Conventional Buildings Green Buildings
45 Litres/
Person/day
30 Litres/
Person/day
What Green Buildings did differently

76. Water Efficient Fixtures
Jal
8 LPM
2/4 LPM
46% Water Savings Over
Baseline
6/3
LPF
5 LPM

79. XERI-SCAPING

80. In-Situ Sewerage Treatment Plant
Jal

81. Green
Materials

83. Green Materials
 Materials --for green building are ;
 --obtained from natural, renewable sources
 --managed / harvested in a sustainable way;
 -- obtained locally-- to reduce embedded
energy costs of transportation; or
 -- salvaged from reclaimed materials at
nearby sites.
 -- Materials assessed using green
specifications
 -- looking at Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
 --- embodied energy, durability, recycled
contents , waste minimisation, and

86. Green Material - Fly Ash Bricks

87. Green Material- Fly Ash Bricks-
 Reduced Embodied Energy: using Fly ash- lime-
Gypsum bricks-- 40% reduction in embodied energy
of masonry.
 Environment Friendly: Fly ash brick uses unfired
Fly Ash technology – limited CO2 emissions in
manufacturing process
 Excellent Thermal Insulation: The buildings using
fly ash bricks -- cool in summers and warm in
winters.
 High Fire Resistance: -- as these bricks composed of
fly ash as its major constituents, which is un-burnt
residue of the coal fired in a thermal power plant.
 • No Efflorescence: Fly ash bricks resist salt and
other sulphate attack, ensuring no efflorescence in
structure.

88. Green Material - Autoclaved Aerated
Concrete

89. Green Material--UPVC( Unplastisized
Polyvinyl chloride) doors and Windows
The Vinyl windows
--Excellent insulators :
--Reduced heating /cooling
loads
- Prevent thermal loss
through frame / sash material .
-- Not impacted by;
weather/
-air pollution / salt,
-- acid rain
--- industrial pollution
--- pesticides
---smog,
--- discoloration and
- structural damage .
-User friendly
- Eco- Friendly ,
-- Readily accepted

90. Bamboo- Advantages
 Bamboo-- Higher Compressive
 Bamboo -- High Tensile Strength
 Earthquake Resistance –
 Lightweight -.
 Cost-effective
 Durable -
 Fast Growing
 Simple designing-
 Reducing use of wood
 Eco- friendly
 Promoting Employment
 Promoting Welfare of society/poor-
 Reduced Global warming-

91.  Occupants
Health- Indoor
Air Quality

93. Indoor Air Quality
•Indoor air quality essential for work places
--fosters better health
Good overall indoor environmental quality–
-- reduces respiratory disease, allergy, asthma, sick building
symptoms
-- enhance worker performance.
• When people main source of emission.--Carbon dioxide
concentration / indoor air quality in interiors
important indicator
-- whether quality of indoor air -- bad/good
• Poor indoor air quality leads to
--tiredness,
-- lack of concentration and
---- can even bring about illnesses.

94. Causes of Poor indoor air Quality
i. Poor ventilation
ii. Outdoor air quality/impurities
iii. Poorly insulated Building Envelop
iv. Smoking
v. Use of toxic building material
vi. Use of High VOC compound based paints for walls
vii. Dampness/water intrusion- microbial contamination
viii.Use of VOC based cleaning agents
ix. Poor Lighting
x. Furniture
xi. Floor Coverings- Carpets, Carpeting of floor
xii. Poor pollution controls-- during construction
xiii.Damaging existing vegetation/trees
xiv.Poor site planning/management
xv. Using pesticides

95. Promoting health and wellbeing
 Promoting health and wellbeing by;
 Monitoring Quality of air; within built space using technology-
- with CO2-controlled ventilation
 Bringing fresh air inside/ Delivering good indoor air quality–
through mechanical/passive ventilation-- avoiding materials /
chemicals -- creating harmful /toxic emissions,
 Incorporating natural light / views--to ensure building users’
comfort /enjoyment of surroundings/ reducing lighting energy
needs .
 Designing for ears/ eyes – through Acoustics /sound
insulation-- for promoting concentration, recuperation/
peaceful enjoyment of a building-- in educational, health
/residential buildings.
 Ensuring Environment comfort --through right indoor
temperature
 Passive design/ using plants
 Using Building management and monitoring systems

96. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants –
Air Purifiers

97. Conclusion-How
can we make our
buildings green&
Intelligent

98. How to Make Intelligent Building
 Adopting state of Art Building Automation Technologies -- in
Planning, Designing, Management , Automation of building
 Embedding technology -in building use and operation
 Integrating all the services – bringing them on same platform – making
them operate-in collaboration and/co-operation
 Adopting Technology for --Site /Site Planning
 Adopting Technology for - Design Solution
 Adopting Intelligent approach to-- Energy used
 Safeguarding- Water resources using technology
 Managing -- Waste
 Maximising –Reuse of waste
 Using Materials– local, with fewer, more durable- generating less
waste
 Keeping Environment-- Green
 Creating Structures- Lean, Smart, Resilient and flexible
 Exploring-- potential of ICT
 Considering building-- in terms of life-cycle cost- not initial cost
 Using technology for Lowering- environmental impacts of
buildings

99. ‘An Intelligent building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More Productive,
Provides highest quality of indoor environment
- Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
- Minimizes Carbon Footprints
- Makes building operations simple, technology driven,
- cost effective and Energy efficient.
Makes business sense and Create win-win situation for
- owners, tenants, occupants, Community, place and environment
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’