Built environment is known for its peculiar qualities of being large consumer of energy, water and renewable/non-renewable resources throughout its lifecycle, spanning from planning, designing, construction, occupation and maintenance besides generating large waste. In addition, buildings are also responsible for adversely impacting environment, destroying bio-diversity and causing sick building syndrome. Buildings are also known to be primarily responsible for global warming, rising temperature, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Accordingly, buildings are known to create conditions of warming planet earth and raising its temperature. In order to make buildings supportive of cooling the cities and moderating its temperature, it will be important that buildings are planned, designed, constructed, maintained and operated with care and caution to minimize its adverse impact on with cities, environment , ecology and bio-diversity. In this regard, using rationally/logically the nature / natural elements including land, sun, space and greenery, as the basic elements of design and operation of the buildings will be most valuable for minimizing the adverse impact of buildings. Passive design of buildings, based on the nature and natural elements, is known for its capacity to minimize the use of non-renewable resources and optimize the natural renewable resources for meeting its day-to-day needs. Based on circular economy such buildings generate minimum waste and accordingly help in making them climate, and resource responsive.
This presentation gives brief details about hot and dry climate of India. A special focus on city Jaisalmer (case study) is also provided.our main motive was to provide climatological factors of hot and dry climate zone in India , also to give architectural features and vernacular construction materials used in hot and dry climatic zone.
Thank You
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
This presentation gives brief details about hot and dry climate of India. A special focus on city Jaisalmer (case study) is also provided.our main motive was to provide climatological factors of hot and dry climate zone in India , also to give architectural features and vernacular construction materials used in hot and dry climatic zone.
Thank You
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Case Study on
. Vinayak Colony
. Mero City Apartments
. Aranya Housing
. Unite De Habitation
For Housing/Apartment Study for Design Studio ,B. Architecture Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.
GREEN BUILDINGS
Uses less energy, water, natural resources
Generates less waste
Healthier for people living in it
Energy saved= 30-40% per day
Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
Potable water saving upto 20-30%
High productivity of occupants
Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
Lower operating costs and increase asset value
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
Case Studies that related to Solar Oriented Design Principles, environmental responsive, in tropical climate. It was done as a group assignment, thus credits go to my group members as well.
Case Study on
. Vinayak Colony
. Mero City Apartments
. Aranya Housing
. Unite De Habitation
For Housing/Apartment Study for Design Studio ,B. Architecture Pulchowk Campus, Nepal
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Buildings like machines, remain major consumers of energy and resources. Critical issue in buildings shall remain; what kind of energy is used by the buildings- in majority of cases ,it is black energy, generated by burning coal, which is used in buildings. Buildings have not only to migrate from energy efficiency but have also to ensure that energy used is green and not black . Solar ,wind and geo-thermal energy remains the best options. While solar and wind energies are to be captured whereas geo-thermal energy is available within the building. However, technology is yet to catch up the geo- thermal energy.
Building design, material and construction technologies remain critical for any building to become zero-energy. Infact buildings have to graduate from zero-energy position to Energy positive .In achieving the agenda the role of architects will be critical. Infact designing and constructing energy positive building should be embedded in the study curricula of both architecture and civil engineering in order to achieve the defined agenda of energy optimization.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Presentation is an attempt to briefly describe the context of Green Building- its role and importance in promoting sustainability and reducing global warming besides the design strategies which go into making of a Green Building. It also define the advantages and the rating system defined by IGBC for the Green Building.
Presentation focuses on various aspects of buildings- how they have to be planned, designed, oriented, constructed using materials and technologies to make them Green in real sense of the term - to make them supportive and promoter of sustainability.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJitKumarGupta1
Presentation tries to showcase the relevance of site planning in the architectural projects, impact of site plan on designing buildings, process to be followed and principles to be kept in mind while evolving site plans. Presentation also makes an attempt to explain and detail out the role of site and factors to be considered while evaluating any site.
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
SUSTAINABLE: Ecological and economical way of living to make human kind healthy and happy
�ARCHITECTURE :The art and science of making buildings.
Includes technology as well as aesthetics
�
This presentation was delivered by Diaa El-Masry to a group of young people in Qatar University during summer 2014. It is a basic introduction to the Green concepts and how can we help ourselves by being more environmental friendly!
Green buildings are Eco-friendly, resource efficient and are very energy efficient. They are more comfortable and easier to live with due to low operating and owning costs.
This presentation consists of brief introduction about green buildings, their design and benefits.
Best Regards:
Engr. Muhammad Ali Rehman
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls -Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
ppt defines, details role, relevance, criticality, importance of Development Controls in the parlance of urban planning, development, governance, management. Text defines the typologies of development controls made applicable in urban context, their role and impact on cities and built environment. As definer of the personality of the city and considering their physical, social, economic and environmental implications on urban development and quality of built environment; development controls need to be defined with care and caution. They should be seen and framed as promoters of development rather than controllers of urban development. They should be framed with the goal of ushering an era of sustainability, livability, land conservation, resource conservation and making planet earth more livable and qualitative. development controls should remain resource led; sustainable led and led by optimisation of available resources for achieving the agenda defined in SDGs
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
1. Approach to Climate
Responsive Built
Environment
Jit Kumar Gupta
Former Director , College of Architecture IET Bhaddal
jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
2. Buildings- Context, Role and Importance
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth, development
Buildings --continue to define future journey of human growth
Buildings-- manmade environment
Buildings-- vital for human growth
Buildings – living organism
Buildings – structures catering to all human activities
Buildings --valuable - 80% human life spent in buildings
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
3. Buildings-Context, Role and Importance
• Buildings– provide optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings -- vital to overcome human/ ecological
concerns, global warming, reducing carbon footprints
Making Buildings Sustainable-- essential to make value
addition to -- resources, environment ,ecology
Researches made/Studies carried out revealed —
Green/sustainable buildings-- create win-win situation for
owners, occupants & users
A Green School-makes learning easy & more meaningful
A Green House--makes people happy, healthy, productive
A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall-- increases sale / profits
4. Buildings- Built Environment
• Operational domain of Architects /Engineers revolves around:
• -- Siting,
• -- designing,
• --construction,
• --operation,
• -- maintenance
• --Demolition and
• -Reconstruction
• -creating state of art built environment.
• Architects-- have critical role/ responsibility to;--make value
addition to resources ,environment ,ecology
• -- by creating sustainable built environment.
• Considering implications of Buildings-- resources,
environment / ecology
• -- Going green-- a necessity
• – for sustainable tomorrow
• -Each building unique--requires different options for greening
5. BUILDINGS --AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment– significantly impact environment /consumption of
resources/generators of waste/climate change/rising temperature:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
• --70% of global warming outcome of ;
•--built environment & transportation
-- Majority of existing buildings-
-- low concern for energy conservation
12. SDG 11- Make cities / human settlements-
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable
13. Climate Responsive Building- Characteristics
• Energy focused- Besides Consuming Energy- also
produces Energy
• Water focused— focus on conserving water
• Resource focused—Ensures efficient use of Resources-
renewable/non-renewable
• Material focused -Use minimum/eco-friendly materials
having minimizes environmental impact .
• Sustainability focused- Designing buildings Using
Construction processes -- environmentally sustainable.
• Environment Focused- minimizes adverse impact on
environment.
• Indoor air quality focused- Provide best possible indoor
air quality
• Human focused- promote good health for users
• Site Focused- Causing minimum disturbance to site
16. Building Year
awarded
Built-in Area
(sq.ft)
Rating
Achieved
%
Increase
in cost
Payback
(Yrs)
CII-Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
ITC Green Centre,
Gurgaon
2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8 % 5 years
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years
Spectral Services
Consultants Office, Noida
2007
15,000
Platinum 8% 4 years
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Cost of Green Buildings-Indian Experience
Cost showing a decreasing trend over the years
Incremental Cost lower-- if base design has already factored normal Green features
19. Weather and Climate
• Weather- what you experience when you step outside on any day- at
a particular location over short-term- precipitation,
temperature, humidity; wind direction, wind speed, windy, stormy, rainy,
foggy, cold, hot, snowing atmospheric pressure- Sky Conditions-sunny,
cloudy, …
• Climate -average of Weather in a location over a longer period - 30
years or more.
• Weather- can change quickly- in time/ over short distances.
• Climate- changes slowly- Northeast cold /snowy in January and South
hot /humid in July. doesn’t vary over-short distances,
• Weather- what you get
• Climate - what you expect,
Weather influences human activity- Sailors/ pilots to know
about storm ; farmers to plan for plantation/ harvest
crops.
• Climate- averages of daily weather conditions, -- temperature,
precipitation, humidity, wind speed, --Long-term records --enable
detection of climate patterns /trend.--input for computer models to
20. Weather and Climate
Despite differences- weather & climate interlinked.
• Climate - following weather- takes into account precipitation, wind
speed, direction, humidity, temperature.
• climate - an average of weather conditions over time.
• - change in climate can lead to changes in weather patterns.
• Climate conditions—
• - vary between different regions of world
• --influence types of plants / animals that live there.
• - Antarctic -has polar climate with subzero temperatures, violent
winds, driest conditions on Earth.
• - Organisms living -highly adapted to survive extreme environment.
- Amazon rainforest enjoys a tropical climate.
• - Temperatures consistently warm/ high humidity, plenty of rainfall,
lack of clearly defined seasons.
• - Stable conditions support- high diversity of plant /animal species,
• - many – not found nowhere else in world.
27. Designing Green Buildings
• 1. Adopting integrated approach to building design
• 2. Design based on Climate
• Macro Climate – Regional climate; Meso Climate– local climate
• Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
• 3. Orientation -- to optimize light , heat gain/ heat loss
• 4. Sun movement-- to maximize use of free solar energy for heating /lighting
• 5.Wind direction---using air movement for ventilation/ cooling
• 6. Planning of Building-- optimize site potential, defining size, shape, planning
spaces, allocating uses, placing rooms, circulation, promoting building efficiency,
promoting natural sunlight, air / ventilation
• 7.Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids/voids,
positioning –openings/projections, shading devices, height, shape of building, natural
lighting and ventilations etc
• 8. Materials- low embodied energy; available locally ; using in natural form,
lightweight; non-toxic/ sustainable materials
28. Designing Green Buildings
• 9 Technology- cost effective/material efficient/ speedier/
energy efficient
• 10. Indoor Air Quality-Creating optimum living conditions for
occupants
• 11. Nature-- making best use of nature; natural resources ; sun/wind energy
12. Site-Optimizing use of site potential
13 Loads--Minimising self/structural – live load
14 Energy--Generating on-site renewable energy.
15 Planning-- with energy as focus,
16 Water--Minimizing water consumption
17 Environment -Preserving/promoting environment in design,
construction and operation
• 18 Quality of life-- for occupants in design, construction operation
19 Reuse/ Recycling -- Promoting re-use and recycling
Green Building practices expands/ complements
-- economy, -utility,
-durability, -comfort.
30. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery Indian ethos- Making optimum use of 5 elements of Nature
(Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
34. Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and
Physical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Insulation of building envelope/roof/walls
Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) Massive structure
Decrease air exchange rate
(ventilation during the day)
Smaller windows openings, night ventilation
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs
Increase shading External surfaces protected-overhangs, fins, trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale color, glazed China mosaic tiles etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with lower Solar Heat Gain Co-
efficient-SHGC and provide shading for windows.
Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate
(ventilation during night-time)
Courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of openings
Increase humidity levels Trees, water ponds, evaporative cooling
35. Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings
39. Cold (Cloudy/Sunny) Climate
Zone- Comfort requirements and
Physical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Loss
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building. Use of
trees as wind barriers.
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation, wall insulation and double
glazing
Increase thermal capacity (Time Lag) Thicker walls
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/Lobbies
Decrease air exchange rate Weather stripping and reducing air
leakage.
Increase surface absorption Darker colours
Promote Heat Gain
Reduce shading Wall and glass surfaces
Trapping heat Sun spaces/green houses/trombe walls
etc.
46. Site Analysis- Factors To be
considered for Evaluating site
i) Location
ii) Understanding Site
iii) Orientation-position of building in relation to east-west axis.
iv Wind direction
v Soil conditions
vii Topography
viii Vegetation and Natural Features
ix Hydrology and Precipitation
x Infrastructures
xi Surrounding Land uses & Buildings
xii Vision / Visual Linkages
47.
48. Site Planning Principles
.
i) Neighbourhood Character
ii) Physical Characteristics
iii) Site and Slopes
iv) Minimum Fingerprints of Building
v) Minimum damage to site
vi) Design with Nature and local Culture
vii) Promoting Pedestrianization
viii) Using hierarchy of
-- Preservation,
-- Conservation and
-- Regeneration
68. Window-wall ratio
(WWR)
Window-wall ratio;-- ratio of window area to exterior
wall -- important for determining energy performance
of building.-- Windows -cause energy loss/gain- twice
more than wall-impacts heating, cooling, lighting,
ventilation.-Size/number of windows - designed
according to climatic conditions. -- high-performance
glazing - reduces solar heat gains through windows
69. Solar Shading
• Solar control / shading --directly impact -- energy efficiency
• --cooling load minimized to one-fourth of building’s load.
• -Shading devices – fins/ chajjas (overhangs) designed
• --to get a minimum exposure of sun in summer
• -- while allowing winter sun inside the space.
• -- helps in regulating /reducing electrical load on building.
• -- Solar orientation important
• -- while designing an effective shading device.
• -- Some solar shading elements -- trees, hedges, overhangs,
vertical fins, low-shading coefficient glass, blinds, and
louvers
77. Energy Efficiency
• Green buildings reduce energy consumption in two ways-
• i. Embodied energy- extract, process, transport and install building materials and
• Ii. Operating energy-- to provide services to make buildings operational-- such as
heating, lighting, air conditioning, ventilation and power for equipment.
• High-performance buildings use less operating energy,
• Embodied Energy importance – upto 15.7 % of total energy consumption.
• Use local materials/ materials which consume less energy for manufacturing
• --buildings made of wood have lower embodied energy than steel/concrete
• To reduce Operating energy –
• --reduce air leakage through building envelop
• --Specify high-performance windows
• --Provide extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors.
• -- use Passive solar building design
• -- Orient windows and walls rationally ,
• -- Use trees shade windows /roofs during summer for cutting sun- in hot areas/zones
• - while ensuring maximizing solar gain in winter- in cold areas
• -- effective window placement (day lighting)-- to provide more natural light /reduce need
for electric lighting during day.
• -- Solar water heating reduces energy costs.
• --Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power wind power, hydro power
or biomass significantly reduce environmental impact Of building
79. Cost effective strategy for energy efficiency
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering
80.
81. Energy Efficiency
• Energy efficiency achieved through ;
• Adopting Passive design strategies -- through
building shape , orientation, passive solar design,
use of natural lighting.
• Planning and Designing Spaces- differentiating
habitation/non-habitation
• Using natural light- positively impact on
productivity /well being.
• Installing high-efficiency lighting systems-- with
advanced lighting controls-- motion sensors /
dimmable lighting controls.
• Using properly sized / energy-efficient
heat/cooling system in a thermally efficient
building shell.
82. Energy Efficiency
• Maximize- light/dark colours for roofing / wall finish
materials in hot/cold regions;
• -- install high R-value wall/ ceiling insulation;
• - R-value -- measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier- layer of insulation/window/
complete wall/ceiling, resists conductive flow of heat
• -U-Value – measure of overall rate of heat transfer, by all mechanisms under
standard conditions, through a particular section of construction.
• R and U are inversely related – Higher R value and Low U value are good for managing
transfer in hot areas
• -- using minimal glass on east/ west exposures.
• -- Minimizing electric loads from lighting, equipment,
appliances.
• --Involving alternative energy sources -- photovoltaic /fuel cells
• Computer modelling -- for optimizing design of electrical and
mechanical systems and building shell.
83. Energy efficiency- Day Lighting
• .
Rules of thumb to maximize day lighting without
compromising thermal performance shall be:
• Mark true north on all drawings.
• building placed with long axis running east-west.
• Minimize apertures on east and especially west
. Low sun angles for these orientations makes
shading difficult without blocking entire window.
•Keep window-to-wall ratio between 0.30 and 0.40.
• Higher Window to Wall Ratio will require careful
handling.
90. Structure design efficiency
Building / construction sector accounts for;
-- Half of total Energy usage
- Consumption of 1/3rd of raw material
- - Causing depletion of natural resources
- Need to - Optimization / selecting
- -- innovative green materials/ structural systems
- – which help minimizing weight of structure-
- Reducing self load/dead load of buildings
- -for minimizing consumption of natural
resources.—different Structure varieties having-
typical shapes/ cross-sections -- being developed
91. Green Material
Building materials considered 'green' include:
-- rapidly renewable plant materials -- bamboo and straw,
stone, recycled stone, recycled metal ,
--- Non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable Products include--
- Recycled industrial goods--.
-- Coal combustion products, foundry sand,
-- Demolished debris in construction projects
Green materials are:
• Made up of recycled content
• Containing natural/ renewable content
• Available Locally
• Reduced transportation.
• Salvaged/refurbished or remanufactured
• Reusable or recycled
• Durable - last longer than their conventional counterparts
• Materials assessed on the basis of--
• -- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) --
• embodied energy,
• durability,
• recycled content,
• waste minimisation, and
• -- ability to be reused /recycled.
.
92. Building Material choices
• Materials also help in modulating temperature
within Building
• Using UV reflective paints -on exterior walls--
reduce heat gain of the building.
• Using;
• -- light color material including
• --China mosaic white finish,
• -- vermiculite concrete,
• -- polystyrene insulation –
• as a roofing material
• -- minimises heat gain
• -- into building
94. Fly Ash Bricks- Advantages
• Reduced Embodied Energy: using Fly ash- lime- Gypsum
bricks-- 40% reduction in embodied energy of masonry.
• • Environment Friendly: Fly ash brick uses unfired Fly Ash
technology -- CO2 emissions in manufacturing process
limited..
• • Excellent Thermal Insulation: Buildings using fly ash
bricks -- cool in summers and warm in winters.
• • Fire Resistance: very high-- as these bricks composed of
fly ash as its major constituents, which is un-burnt residue of
the coal fired in a thermal power plant.
• • No Efflorescence: Fly ash bricks resist salt and other
sulphate attack, ensuring no efflorescence in structure.
95. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Autoclaved aerated concrete
- (sand, calcined gypsum, lime
(mineral), cement, water and
Aluminium powder,)
- -- versatile
- - lightweight construction material
- used as blocks which are:
- Lightweight
- low density with
--excellent insulation properties.
-- good acoustic properties
-- durable
--- good resistance to sulphate attack
---- damage by fire /frost.
-- used as inner leaf of a cavity wall.
-- also used in outer leaf,
-- when rendered in foundations.
Autoclaved aerated concrete
-- easily cut to any required shape.
96. UPVC( Unplastisized Polyvinyl
chloride) doors and Windows
The Vinyl windows
--- excellent insulators :
--Reduce heating / cooling
loads by:
- preventing thermal loss
through frame / sash material
-- not affected by -
-weather/ air pollution / salt,
acid rain/ industrial pollution
,pesticides ,smog,
discoloration/ structural
damage .
- user friendly
- Eco- Friendly
- ,-- readily accepted and safe
97. Bamboo
i. Strength at par with hard wood
--- Bamboo extremely strong natural fibre, on par with
hardwoods-- when cultivated, harvested, prepared and stored
properly
-- Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with
a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures.
--Bamboo has higher compressive strength than wood,
brick or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel
• ii High Flexibility - Bamboo highly flexible--during growth
trained to grow in unconventional shapes.
-- After harvest, may be bent /utilized in archways / curved
areas.
iii. Earthquake-resistance - Great capacity for shock
absorption, -- makes it useful in earthquake- prone areas.
iv. Lightweight - Bamboo extremely lightweight.
• -- Building with bamboo can be accomplished faster with
simple tools than building with other materials.
-Cranes /other heavy machinery rarely required.
• v. Cost-effective – Economical
• --- especially in areas where cultivated/ readily available.
• --Transporting cost also much lesser.
• -- Helps achieve cost effective construction.
98. Bamboo
vi. vi. Durable - Long-lasting --as its wooden correlates, when properly
harvested and maintained.
• ·vii. Fast Growing--Bamboo fast growing species / renewable
resource which can be cultivated in most types of soil. ·
• viii. Simple designing- Designs of Bamboo components being
simple, there is no need of highly skilled labour.
• ·ix Reducing use of wood-- Dependency on natural forests for
wood reduced thus contributing to the protection of the environment.
• ·x Eco- friendly-- As it can grow in many types of soil, bamboo
cultivation is suitable for rehabilitation of degraded forests and other
waste lands thus converting them into fertile lands
• xi Promoting Employment– Creating employment opportunities
especially for rural people --as Bamboo manually woven before
making them into Bamboo Mat / Boards, Bamboo Mat Veneer
Composites and Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets.
• ·xii Promoting Welfare of society/poor- Promotes overall
welfare of the society, particularly of economically weaker section.
• xiii Reducing GLOBAL warming- Captures 17 mts CO2 per
hectare per year- more than any specie
• xiv Improves indoor air Quality- By removing carbon and adding
oxygen when used as Indoor plant
102. Pre- fabrication Construction/Advantages
• Green Construction
• -Modular buildings require less power consumption
compared to traditional constructions,
• ---lower life cycle energy implications as compared to on-site
construction
• -- have minimum requirement of water due to absence of
onsite watering of brick/concrete
• -- Energy efficiency achieved through using recycled
materials
• -- Resource efficient greener construction process-- due to
reduced material waste/ use of recycled materials
• Flexibility
• Flexibility --based on easy dismantling /Relocation of
buildings to different sites,
• being made of numerous individual parts-- also permit
flexibility in building structure/ design by changing design of
specific prefab component.
104. Promoting health and wellbeing
• Promoting health and wellbeing by;
• Bringing fresh air inside/ Delivering good indoor air quality-- through
ventilation-- avoiding materials / chemicals -- creating harmful /toxic
emissions.
• Incorporating natural light / views--to ensure building users’ comfort
/enjoyment of surroundings/ reducing lighting energy needs .
• Designing for ears/ eyes – through Acoustics /sound insulation-- for
promoting concentration, recuperation/ peaceful enjoyment of a
building-- in educational, health /residential buildings.
• Ensuring Environment comfort --through right indoor temperature
• Adopting Passive design
Using sustainable building materials-- like wood/recycled
glass/renewable materials like rubber / bamboo.
Choose interior finish products with Zero or low VOC emissions
Using Indoor plants
Eliminating dampness
Avoiding Carpeting
105. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants –
Air Purifiers
106. PEARL RIVER TOWER- GUANGZHOU, CHINA
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
YEAR OF COMPLETION- 2011
SITE AREA-10635SQ.M.
PROJECT AREA- 214,100SQ.M.
(2.3MILLION SQ.FT.)
NO. OF STORIES- 71
HEIGHT OF BUILDING-309 M
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACHIEVED
THROUGH
--SOLAR PANELS/
PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS
-- WIND TURBINES
-- DAY LIGHT HARVESTING
-DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALLS
--CHILLED CEILING WATER
UNDER FLOOR VENTILATION
107. Bahrain World Trade Center -
Bahrain
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways
108. Conclusion- Green Buildings
• United Nations Framework– Convention on Climate Change states that:
---Urban areas responsible for 70% of global energy consumption and
CO2 emission
--By 2030—82 billion sqm (900 billion sqft)
- an area equal to 60% of total stock of world will be built
--by 2050 building sector --must phase out CO2 ( Zero carbon built
environment)
• --Buildings critical-- to address ecological concern
• --Going green -- necessity/ imperative to ensure sustainable tomorrow
• - Let us make green as
• -- way of life,
• -- make integral part of professional
learning/education and
• -- way of professional practice
• --Together we can and we shall make difference
109. ‘A Green building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More Productive
-Provides highest quality of indoor environment
-Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
- Reduces Carbon Footprints
-makes building operations, cost effective and energy efficient-
create win-win situation for owner; occupant; users; tenant
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’
Editor's Notes
New buildings must be designed to be climate responsive by appropriate orientation and incorporating shading devices.
Envelope must be made efficient by using insulation and well sealed windows.
Day
Areca Palm;
Snake Plant
Money Plant – am sure more of them will be having this in their indoors;
