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LEED
Leadership in Energy
and Environmental
Design

INTRODUCTION
 Effective in India from 1st Jan 2007
 Version of the LEED rating system
administered by IGBC.
 Green Building Rating System
• Framework for assessing building performance against set criteria and
standard points of references
 Internationally accepted benchmark for design, construction and operation of
green buildings.
 Encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and
development practices .
 65 LEED certified green buildings in India.
 Based on professional reference standards like NBC, ASHRAE, and ECBC etc.

GREEN BUILDING
 Uses less energy, water, natural resources
 Generates less waste
 Healthier for people living in it
 Energy saved= 30-40% per day
 Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation
 Potable water saving upto 20-30%
 High productivity of occupants
 Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
 Lower operating costs and increase asset value

MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL
CATEGORIES:
• Sustainable Architecture and Design
• Site Selection and Planning
• Water Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
• Building Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Innovation and Development

Prerequisites
Required elements or green building strategies that must be included in any
LEED certified project
Credits
Optional elements, or strategies that projects can elect to pursue to gain
points toward LEED certification.
CERTIFICATION
Independent third party verification that the building project meets highest
performance standards.
Benefits of certification – WHY LEED?
 lead to the transformation of the built environment
 built as designed and perform as expected.
 have lower operating costs and increased asset value
 healthy and comfortable for their occupants
 reduce waste sent to landfills
 conserve energy and water
 reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions

SUSTAINABLE SITE
 Outlines various “green” opportunities for reducing the negative impact the
building has on the environment.
 The opportunities range from
 Preventing erosion of top soil,
 :Preventing water contamination & creation of heat islands,
 Effective use of a barren or waste lands etc.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE
 TIME and NATURE have changed land
 Use what nature has given by working with existing topography, plants and
views.
 Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with
concrete.

Water Efficiency
 Water efficiency can be defined as :
 the accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the minimal amount
of water feasible.
 An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required for a
particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.
 Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on reducing
waste.
 The key for efficiency is reducing waste not restricting use.
 It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency by
making small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by choosing more
water efficient products.
 Examples of water efficient steps include simple measures like, fixing leaking
taps.

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
 LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy performance by
allocating the greatest number of potential points within this category to
formulate a sustainable design
 In general points can be earned through:
 efficient design,
 use of renewable energy,
 deliberate mechanical and electrical system selection
 proper commissioning and monitoring of devices

MATERIAL AND RESOURCES
 40% of the carbon dioxide that contributes to our warming planet comes from
buildings.
 Some of it is a secondary effect of operational needs such as electricity, a/c, and
heating, many ghg’s arise from resource extraction, manufacturing and production
of the building materials themselves.
 Choosing ingredients wisely makes all the difference in terms of the overall impact
of the building throughout its life. -‘Environmental footprint’ or ‘life cycle
assessment’
 The materials are in the picture from the first round of planning to the final stages
of demolition or renovation of a building or product.

ResourceReuse
Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin
material and reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the
extraction and processing of virgin resources.
Requirements :
 Use salvaged or refurbished materials for 5-10% of building materials
(by value)
 Methods suggested like, reuse of partition panels,broken tiles,Used
carpets.(Note : Movable furniture like chairs are not accounted for
calculation)
Recycledcontent
Increase demand for building products that incorporated recycled content
materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and
processing of new virgin materials
Requirements :
 Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post –consumer
recycled content plus one-half of the post-industrial constitutes at least
5% of the total value of the materials in the project.
 The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall
be determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by
the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting
percentage by the total value of the item.

LOCAL/ REGIONAL MATERIALS
Increase demand for building materials and products that are
extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting
the regional economy and reducing environmental impact resulting
from transportation
Requirements :
 Use a minimum of 20 %( extra points for going up to to 50 %) of
building materials and products that are manufactured regionally
within a radius of 800 kms (manufacturing refers to the final
assembly of components)
RAPIDLY RENEWABLE MATERIAL
Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable
materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials .
Requirements:
 Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made from
plants that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or
shorter)
 for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products
used in the project.
 Consider use of materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation,

Indoor Environmental Quality
 Green building means considering environmental impact of materials and
construction, along with the physical and psychological health of the
occupants.
 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle issues that
influence, how we feel in a space.
 It is a fundamental human right to live and work in spaces with healthy
indoor environments.

LOW EMITTINGMATERIALS
Intent :
 Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or
potentially irritating and harmful to the comfort and well being of installer
and building occupants.
Requirements :
 All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building shall
comply with the requirements of the reference standard.
 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of adhesive and sealants to
be monitored.
 Carpet systems must meet the requirements of the carpet and rug
institute Green label indoor Air quality test program
 Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the
building must contain no added urea – formaldehyde resins

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
LEED
 Green Design Strategy
 Green Process for manufacturing
 Product Carbon Footprint tracking
 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT
 Furniture in getting credits

GREEN DESIGN STRATEGY
 Optimized utilization of raw material to conserve natural resources
 Maximize recycled content
 Reduction in product volume to reduce transportation cost
 Use of rapidly renewable wood & wood substitutes (planted & replenished
in less than 15 years cycle) to reduce impact on eco system.
 Modular products make various options with the use of minimum basic
standard components
 Possibility of refurbishing for reuse (Ease of servicing – assembly and
disassembly )
 Design for durability – adherence to performance standards to enhance
product life.

GREEN PROCESS FOR
MANUFACTURING
 Confirming to ISO 14001
 Energy conservation
 Use of natural lighting in the plant
 30 % increase in production over last year with the same consumption of
electric energy
 Converted to CNG for all high fuel consuming processes
 Recycling of water with reverse osmosis plant
 Effective utilization of in-process waste water, after effluent treatment is
used for watering gardens
 Influencing our vendors to follow green processes
 Sale of hazardous waste only to ‘Pollution Control Board’ authorized parties
 96% usage of powder in powder coating process leads to minimal wastage
 Hidden components are coated with left over powder mix

CARBON FOOTPRINT TRACKING
A product’s life cycle consists of the activities that go into making,
transporting, using and disposing of that product
FURNITURE IN GETTING
CREDITS
Provision of energy efficient task lights, can help in reducing the overall
lighting load of the project.
Use of easily recyclable material (like corrugated cardboard, expanded
polystyrene) packing which can reduce landfill disposal.
Manufacture products with longer life cycle, so that can be used in many
sites. Tile – frame construction making it easy for reconfiguration and reuse
Identifying components which could be made from recycled materials like,
recycled plastics, worktop made of baggage boards etc.
Task lighting feature can ensure better control and proper optimization of
electricity Used for lighting
Can explore the option of using boards made of bamboo, fabrics made of
agricultural waste etc.
Working towards usage of material which confirm to VOC level

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
EXAMPLE: Spacio open plan office system
 80 % steel for the paneling compared to conventional wood based partition
 Fabrics : 100% Cotton or PP based without any blend
 100 % use of reconstituted wood: (PPB or MDF) for work surfaces
 Number of parts reduced to minimum
 Easy to disassemble reconfigure and refurbish for reuse
 Paper based packing material: 100 % Recyclable

EXAMPLES OF LEED BUILDINGS
IN INDIA
 Platinum rated : CII –Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad
ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon
 Gold Rated : IGP Office, Gulbarga
NEG Micon, Chennai
Grundfos Pumps, Chennai
 Silver Rated : L&T EDRC , Chennai

CII –Godrej GBC
,Hyderabad
ITC Green Center,
Gurgaon
Suzlon Energy
Limited
Wipro
Technologies
, Gurgaon

Anna Centenary
Library
Building,
Chennai
American Embassy
School, Delhi
NEG Micon,
Chennai
IGP Office,
Gulbarga

L&T EDRC ,
Chennai Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport – Hyderabad

CASE STUDY
CII SOHRABJI GODREJ
BUILDING

THE CONFEDERATION OF INDIAN INDUSTRY (CII) WORKS TO CREATE AND
SUSTAIN AN ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA,
PARTNERING INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT, AND CIVIL SOCIETY, THROUGH
ADVISORY AND CONSULTATIVE PROCESSES.

 It remains fairly warm most of the year.
 Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.
 Temperatures come down in the months of
December and January and the nights
become quite cool in and around the
Hyderabad city.
 During the summer months, the mercury
goes as high as 42° C while in winters the
minimum temperature may come down to
as low as 12° C.
Climate

Temperatur
e
Relative Humidity
Humidity in the morning is very
high exceeding 80 per cent from
July to September. In the dry
months of March, April and May,
humidity is generally low with an
average of 25 to 30 per cent and
decreases to 20 per cent at
individual stations.
During the summer months,
temperature goes as high as 42° C
while in winters the minimum
temperature may come down to as
low as 12° C.

Green Architecture
 Economical
 Energy-saving
 Environmentally-friendly
 Sustainable development.
 Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre in
Hyderabad. It’s a
commercial building which
consists of office
buildings, research labs
and conference rooms

Water Efficiency
Sustainable Site
Energy Efficiency
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Wind Towers
Solar PV
Water Body
Roof garden
GREEN BUSINESS CENTER

Formation of positive and negative pressure zones when wind flows around
rectangular and circular bodies.
The pressure coefficient cp can be used with the wind velocity to calculate
positive and negative pressure loads.

Green Building Tour
 Central courtyard.
 Roof garden - Protects heat
penetration, cuts
down heat-island effect
 High performance glazing to bring in
natural
light while minimizing heat ingress.
 Usage of light glazing and vision
glazing.
 Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in
natural light as well as ventilation .
 Energy saving system.

Courtyards
The courtyards act as "light wells,"
illuminating adjacent work areas.
When this light is not sufficient,
sensors trigger the deployment of
efficient electric lights. Dimmers
automatically control the
illumination levels, turning the
lights off when they're
unnecessary. Also, occupancy
sensors prevent a light from being
switched on at an unoccupied
workstation.

Roof Garden
Absorbing heat and radiating it
into the building. This is
minimized through the roof
gardens covering 55% of the
roof area.
Rain water harvesting.
Seepage into the ground have
been installed in
pedestrian areas and parking.
Heat absorbed
Rain water absorbed used for different purposes
Rain water
Water filter
Slope given for
the water flow
Outlet for
water
collection

Natural
LightingNatural light deflection systems
can direct light deep into the room and
ensure better natural lighting provisions.

This material will most significantly reduce penetration of
radiation from the reflecting side to the non-reflecting side
(penetration of 11-37% of total striking radiation).
 Such glazing is used in this building where it is desirable to
maintain eye contact with the outside as well as to prevent
penetration of radiation and in areas where it is hot most days of
the year.
Reflective glass (mirror)

Usage of Light Glazing and Vision
Glazing
The double glazed glass will just
allow the diffused sunlight to pass
through and will radiate the solar
radiation back. It is located in the
western direction because the suns
rays is highly radiant when it is
setting.

 This consists of two sheets of glass with space in
between, sometimes filled with air or other gases, or
vacuum.
 Variations in thickness have a certain effect, up to a
certain limit, on the percentage of radiation allowed to
penetrate and on thermal conductance of the composition.
 The main advantage of this type of cross-section is its
ability to reduce heat transfer from one pane to the other,
both by conduction and by radiation.
Double glazed glass

Use of Traditional Jalli
Jallis or Lattice walls
are used to prevent
glare and heat gain
while ensuring
adequate day lighting
and views. The jalli,
used in many historic
buildings such as the
Taj Mahal, gives
definition and an
aesthetic appeal to a
space.
Jalli [Perforated] for
bringing in Natural Light
and also Ventilation

Function of Jali in the rains.
Section through the jali
Rain
water
seeps in
the
openings
.
Water
utilized
for the
plants
inside.

Harvesting of solar energy - 20%
of the buildings
energy requirement is catered to
by solar
photovoltaic
The Solar PV has an installed
capacity of 23.5 KW
Average generation is 100-125
units per day
Solar system
Solar
Photovoltaic

The solar panels are placed on the
eastern side and they are sloping
which helps production of energy
throughout the day and as it is a
commercial building more amount of
energy is consumed during the
working hours [day] compared to the
evenings.
Solar
panel

Wind System
Wind tower with evaporative cooling
A combination of sensible cooling
in the ground and evaporative
cooling with the flow of air induced
by the wind tower can be achieved
by a configuration as shown. The
heat loss from air results in a
decreased air temperature, but no
change in the water vapour content
of the air.

The hot ambient air enters the
tower through the openings in the
tower and is cooled, when it
comes in contact with the cool
tower and thus becomes heavier
and sinks down. When an inlet is
provided to the rooms with an
outlet on the other side, there is a
draft of cool air. After a whole of
heat exchange, the wind towers
become warm in the evening.
DAYTIME AND NIGHT TIME OPERATION
OF A WIND TOWER
During night the reverse happens;
due to warm surface of wind tower
and drop in temperature of ambient
air due to buoyancy effect, warm air
rises upwards. As a result, cooler
ambient air is sucked into the room
through the window. As a bye-
product of this process, wind tower
loses the heat that was collected
during the day time and it becomes
ready for use in cold condition up to
the morning.

Wind tower design with openings on all four sides Wind tower design with evaporatively cooled system
Due to the unpredictable wind direction, opening on all four sides are provided with an additional
affect due to wind pressure. The rate of heat transfer mainly depends on surface area with which,
the air comes in contact. Here the surface area is increased by having vertical conduits, which
gives less resistance to air flow. Further, the effectiveness is increased by having sprinklers to
promote the evaporative cooling

WIND
DEFLECTORS
Interior partitions are provided in
the building for various purposes of
privacy, which may not allow
openings in the partition. In this
region, due to the warm and humid
climate ventilation becomes very
essential, cross – ventilation
becomes the major solution. This
can be overcome by providing
ridge ventilation or ventilating
ducts or shafts for deeper rooms.

The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the floor
influences the efficiency of the natural ventilation in a given space.
Inlet higher than outlet. Good
interaction of air layers. Current
at body level. Pocket of warm ,
still air over the outlet.
Inlet and outlet are high.
Airflow only near ceiling. No air
current at body level. Good for
removing hot air for warm
season. Layers of still air at low
levels.

Root Way Water treatment facility – Natural Way of
treating the black and grey water.
Zero water discharge building
System35% reduction in potable water use
Low flow water fixtures
Waterless urinals
Use of storm water & recycled water for irrigation.
Entire waste water in the building is treated biologically through a process
called the 'Root Zone Treatment
Water system
 Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.
 Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and dish
washer e.g.. Low flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks
 Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .
Rain water
Water filter
Slope given for the
water flow
Outlet for
water
collection
Inlet for water

•A large amount of energy — and pollution — was also reduced
through choices in the production and transportation of building
materials.
•An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use
recycled content in the form of fly ash, broken glass, broken
tiles, recycled paper, recycled aluminum, cinder from industrial
furnaces, bagasse (an agricultural waste from sugar cane),
mineral fibers, cellulose fibers, and quarry dust.
•The building reuses a significant amount of material salvaged
from other construction sites like toilet doors, interlocking
pavement blocks, stone slabs, scrap steel, scrap glazed tiles,
shuttering material and, interestingly, the furniture in the
cafeteria. A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of
construction waste was recycled.
Sustainable Materials

Principles followed
 Select materials using recycled components .
 Design for re-use and recycling.
 Control and reduce waste and packaging.
 Reduce resource consumption.
Waste Reduction
 Meet the basic physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the occupants
 Consider healthy lighting, color and sound, controlled temperature and humidity and
good indoor air quality to enhance the living environment
 Reduce formaldehyde emissions and use pollution fighting indoor plants
 Apply an integrated wiring system for lighting, power, security, fire alarm and audio
facilities.
 Design a safe and user-friendly space.
Health and Wellbeing

Energy Efficiency
 Design-Orientation for
maximum day light.
 Avoiding Green wall and Green
roof.
 Use of neutral glass to reduce
heat gain.
 Usage of energy efficient white
goods.
 Use of Zero CFG refrigerators
in refrigerators and air-
condition.
 Online monitoring system to
monitor the energy
performance.
 Establishing baseline data for
energy consumption.
Use of eco friendly electric car for
transport and traveling within the
premises
helping in preventing pollution.

CONCLUSION
Achievements
The building boasts of lighting energy savings of 88 percent compared to an
electrically lit building of the same size.
Vegetation that was lost to the built area was replaced by gardens on 55
percent of the roof area.
The building achieves a 35 percent reduction of municipally supplied potable
water, in part through the use of low-flush toilets and waterless urinals.
Thirty percent of users have shifted to alternative modes of transportation:
carpools, bicycles, and cars that run on liquefied petroleum gas, a low-
polluting alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel.
95 percent of the raw material was extracted or harvested locally.
An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content.
A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste
was recycled.

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