This document discusses two approaches to environmental education: infusion and problem solving. Infusion involves integrating environmental concepts into existing school subjects without changing the core content. Problem solving is a student-centered approach where students investigate and solve an environmental issue. It involves defining a problem, analyzing it, gathering information, developing solutions, and evaluating outcomes. Both approaches aim to transfer knowledge and skills to students to promote behavioral changes around environmental issues.

1. WELCOME

2. APPROACHES-
INFUSION AND
PROBLEM SOLVING.

3. APPROACHES
Approaches, is a
mechanism for
transferring information
and skills to students to
bring out a change in their
behavior.

4. TWO TYPES OF
APPROACHES
1.INFUSION
2.PROBLEM SOLVING

5. INFUSION
-To infuse means to focus instill to
integrate a new dimension without
changing the innate nature of the
subject or the discipline.
-Infusion approach may be defined
as a process of integrating content
and skills into existing courses
without jeopardizing the integrity
of the courses themselves.

6. - In the present context, infusion
means to focus on EE concepts
in the already existing content in
the school curriculum.

7. PROCESS OF INFUSION
Analyzing the contents of the
school curriculum into specific
concept and integrating them
with the concepts emerging
from an analysis of the
environmental problems or
issues could achieve infusion.

8. TWO GENERAL APPROACH USED
TO INFUSE ENVIRONMENTAL
PERSPECTIVES:
1.INTER DISCIPLINARY
APPROACH
2.MULTI DISCIPLINARY
APPROACH

9. INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH
It is an approach where in
concepts from various
disciplines or subjects will be
utilized to highlight the
environmental perspective or
analyze an environmental
problem or issue.

11. MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
In the multidisciplinary approach,
environment topics are dispersed or
infused into various single
disciplinary courses. In the other
words, the environmental
perspective is integrated into the
other disciplines.

13. Merits and demerits
Inter disciplinary
approach
Multi disciplinary
approach
-Easier to implement as
a single subject.
-More difficult to use in
effectively teaching for
transfer.
-Require that more
teachers be trained.
-Teaching for
transfer is inherent
in this approach
when properly used.

15. PROBLEM
The dictionary meaning of a
problem is that it could be a
novel, a doubtful or a
difficult situation requiring
a solution.

16. PROBLEM SOLVING
-Problem solving is a method
aimed to help the participants
arrive at a solution or alternative
solutions for a given problem.
-It is a teaching learning approach,
which centers on environmental
issues, or a problem and generally
involves investigation.

18. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
AND MANAGEMENT

19. Step 1:problem identification.
-How did the problem arise?
-What are the
consequences of the
problem for the present?

20. Step 2: Problem Analysis.
-What are the reasons
for this problem?
-What would be its
future consequences?

21. Step 3:Develop a questionnaire.
-What is being thrown away as solid
waste?
-Can the solid waste be easily
segregated?
-How can these items be classified?
-What are the methods used to dispose
solid waste?
-What are the problems caused
because of unhygienic solid ways of
disposing the waste?

22. Step 4:Plan implementation.
-Discuss and summaries the main
points emerging from the
information collected.
-Identifying alternative solution.
-Identifying key people for
effecting implementation.
-Working out details of the
solutions.

23. Step 5:Plan evaluation.
-Outlining the roles of the
individuals in containing the
problem.
-Meeting people in
authority and ensuring
action.

24. -Coke in the extraction of
iron

25. SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF
PROBLEM SOLVING
-It is process oriented rather
than content oriented.
-It is conceptual rather than
factual.
-It is a student- centered.
-It is activity based.

26. Advantages to problem-
solving in education:
Students learn to form an
opinion, and make choices and
decisions that will directly affect
their lives and those of their
families, as well as society as a
whole.
It develops their critical thinking
and their evaluation skills through
actual, concrete situations.

27. -It is a way to facilitate the
transfer of knowledge to
situations outside of school.
- It allows students to reason,
summarize, question
themselves, evaluate, use their
previous knowledge, and
constantly visualize the
problem.

28. CONCLUSION
Approaches, is a mechanism for
transferring information and skills to
students to bring out a change in their
behavior. Different strategies are adopted
for enhancing the effectiveness of the
approach. Infusion and problem solving
are the two approaches used in
environmental education.