This document discusses solid waste and mangroves. It defines different types of solid waste and their impacts. It also describes mangroves' ecological functions in protecting coastlines and supporting fisheries. The causes of mangrove destruction include activities like aquaculture, infrastructure development, and harvesting. Losing these ecosystems puts coastal communities at risk by reducing regulatory services and increasing vulnerability to storms.

2.  Introduction to waste &types
 Solid waste
 Types of solid waste
 Causes of solid waste pollution
 Impact of solid wastes accumulation
 Disposal of solid wastes

3.  Mangroves
 Its ecological functions & benefits
 Causes of mangrove destruction
 Impact of mangrove destruction
 Conclusion

5.  Solid waste
 Liquid waste
 Gaseous waste
 Biodegradable
waste
 Chemical waste
 Biomedical waste

6.  Solid waste is defined as “Non-soluble
materials ranging from municipal garbage
to industrial waste that contain complex
&sometimes hazardous substances”

7.  Broadly there are 3 types of waste
1.

13.  Industrial waste is considerd
hazardous as they may contain toxic
substances
 Hazardous waste could be highly toxic to
humans ,animals, & plants .
 eg: e-wastes

14.  In the industrial sector the major
generators of hazardous waste are the
metal ,chemical ,paper,pesticides,dye and
rubber goods industries
 Direct explosure to chemicals in hazardous
waste such as mercury& cyanide can be
fatal

20.  Bio-medical waste means “any waste which
is generated the diagnosis ,treatment or
immunisation of humen beings or animals .
 It may include waste like sharpe waste
,pathological waste,pharmaceutical
waste,genotoxic waste ,chemical
waste,&radio active waste.

22.  Human population explosion
 Urbanization
 Affluence
 Technological advancement

23.  Toxic wastes especially metalic
wastes are toxic , mutagenic &
carcinogenic which causes cancers
 Contamination of grount water
 Spreading of diseases like plague,
cholera,jaundice, bacillary
dysentery,hepatitis ect..
 Burning of some solid wastes
produces noxious fumes

24.  Air pollution
 Soil pollution
 Water pollution

25. DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES

26. o Public hygiene &health
o Reuse ,recovery,&recycle
o Energy generation
o Sustainable development
o aesthetics

27.  Disposable goods such as paper, plastic,

28. Instead of buying new materials from the
market use the ones that are in house
Don’t through away the soft drinks can or
bottle cover them with home made paper
or paint on them&use them as pencil stands
or small vases.

30.  In this method solid wastes are
dumped in successive layers,one
above the another,in low-lying land
areas.
 Cheapest
 Commenest method
 No need of trained labours
 It required large land areas
 Contamination ground water

33.  Production of Landfill Gas
 Landfill fires
 Offensive odours
 Litter
 Pests (Vermin, seagulls, flies)
 Groundwater contamination

34.  Use shopping bags made of cloth
or jute which can be used over
and over
 Eco friendly
 It is an integral part of solid
waste management
STOP THINKING RECYCLE

35.  It is a disposal method in which
solid organic waste are subjected
to combustion so as to convert
them into residue and gaseous
volume.
 This process help to reduce the
volume of solid waste to 20-
30% of the original volume.

37.  Process by which solid wastes
are crushed and powdered in
specialized grinding mechines to
reduce their mass & modify their
physical structure
 Costly
 Produces odourless products

39.  It is the conversion of solid
organic wastes in to useful liquid
fuels.
 Residual char is made reacted
with carbondioxide and steam
 The gas produced by this
reaction is gas turbines to
generate electricity

41.  composting is the biological
decomposition of the degraidable
organic constituents of solid
wastes in tostable mineral
compounds and humus –like
material called compost.
 Natural manure

42.  Solid wastes is dumped into
the deep open sea.
 Simple & cheap.
 Pollutes the beach.
 Hazardous to marine
ecosystem.

45.  Biologically complex ecosystem on
the earth.
 By forming a protective barrier which
reduces damage caused by stroms.
 Also provides shelter and a food
resource for estuarine and coastal
fishery food chains.

48.  Mangrove forests continue to disappear
all over the world, they were estimated
to cover 18.1 million km2area
worldwide but a more recent estimate
indicates that the Figure may now be
below 15 million km2.
 Habitat destruction through human
encroachment has been the primary
cause of mangrove loss. The
destruction is caused either knowingly
or unknowingly .

49.  Natural habitat for endangered species
 Deposition of mud
 Source of germ plasm.
 This ecosystem stabilizes coastlines
 Protect community from strom
 Water filtration
 Climatic regulation
 Improved fisheries
 Protecting coastal areas from tsunamis

50.  Urbanization
 Agriculture
 Aquaculture practices
 Prevention of freshwater flow an
d tidal flow
 Oil pollution
 Pollution issues
 War problems
 Mining operations

52.  The importance of the mangrove
ecosystem transcends provisioning
services and includes regulatory,
ecological, cultural, and aesthetic services.
 However, these services are diminishing
globally, most especially the provisioning
service, and this is putting the livelihoods
of coastal communities at risk and
increasing their vulnerability to tropical
storms and surges.

53.  These trends are the outcome of mounting
anthropogenic activities such as brackish
water aquaculture, mangrove forest
clearing for infrastructure development and
varied levels of harvesting for subsistence.

54.  Solid wastes should be properly
located and managed to minimize its
effects on the environment.
 The government and municipalities
should revise laws regarding the
locations of dumpsites.
 These laws should include properly
managed sites, which are well fenced in
and away from human settlements.

55.  Mangrove forests are a source of livelihood
for thousands of coastal communities in
developing countries worldwide; these
communities traditionally harvest fish,
shrimp, timber, non-timber forest Products,
and fuel wood from them.
 The importance of the mangrove ecosystem
transcends provisioning services and
includes regulatory, ecological, cultural, and
aesthetic services