This document discusses different types of spectroscopy used to study molecular structure and dynamics. There are two main types: atomic spectroscopy, which studies electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms; and molecular spectroscopy, which examines the interaction of radiation with molecules. Atomic spectroscopy can be divided into atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. Molecular spectroscopy techniques include NMR, UV-visible, and infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy specifically analyzes the interaction of infrared radiation with matter using instruments like FTIR spectrometers.
This presentation include information about electron microscope & types of electron microscope i.e. SEM (Scanning electron microscope) & TEM (Transmission electron microscope).
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of scattered electrons as a source of illumination. It is used to get information about structure, topology, morphology & composition of materials. It has many advantages. Basically there are 4 types of electron microscope but here we will discuss only 2 types.
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra-thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through it. Its resolution & magnification is about 10,000,000x. There are 5 types of transmission electron microscope i.e. BFTEM (Bright field transmision electron microscope), DFTEM (Dark field transmission electron microscope), HRTEM (High resolution transmission electron microscope), EFTEM (Energy filtered transmission electron microscope), ED (Electron diffraction). there are 4 techniques of TEM i.e. negative staining, shadow casting, Freeze fracture replication, freeze etching. It has many applications e.g, for the study of Cancer research, virology, chemical industry, electronic structure etc.
A scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. Types of signals produce by SEM include secondary electrons, back scattered electrons, X-rays, light rays. There are many advantages of SEM e.g, Btter resolution, fast imaging easy to operate, work with low voltage etc.
This presentation include information about electron microscope & types of electron microscope i.e. SEM (Scanning electron microscope) & TEM (Transmission electron microscope).
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of scattered electrons as a source of illumination. It is used to get information about structure, topology, morphology & composition of materials. It has many advantages. Basically there are 4 types of electron microscope but here we will discuss only 2 types.
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra-thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through it. Its resolution & magnification is about 10,000,000x. There are 5 types of transmission electron microscope i.e. BFTEM (Bright field transmision electron microscope), DFTEM (Dark field transmission electron microscope), HRTEM (High resolution transmission electron microscope), EFTEM (Energy filtered transmission electron microscope), ED (Electron diffraction). there are 4 techniques of TEM i.e. negative staining, shadow casting, Freeze fracture replication, freeze etching. It has many applications e.g, for the study of Cancer research, virology, chemical industry, electronic structure etc.
A scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. Types of signals produce by SEM include secondary electrons, back scattered electrons, X-rays, light rays. There are many advantages of SEM e.g, Btter resolution, fast imaging easy to operate, work with low voltage etc.
Introduction
Principle
Instrumentation
Application
Advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion
References
Fluorescence spectroscopy also known as fluorometry or spectrofluorometry)
is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample.
It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light .
Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Microscopy is a means by which an object is transformed in to magnified image. There are different ways for magnifying the images of very small objects by large amounts. In any type of microscopy (optical microscopy or electron microscopy), a wave of wavelength λ (light wave or electron wave) interacts with the matter and as a result of this interaction we get the
microstructural information about the object. As the study of the materials at the nano-metric level is drawing much attention of the researchers in the current era, Electron Microscopy becomes a very important physical characterization tool at the nano-metric level. Electron Microscopy stands far ahead of the optical microscopy as it can provide the much improved
resolution and depth of focus compared to optical microscopy. This is a very introductory report on the basics of the electron microscopy (particularly on Transmission electron microscopy). Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM) operates on the same basic principles as the light microscope but uses electrons as “light source” and their much lower wavelength makes it possible to get a resolution thousand times better than with a light Microscopy.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a largely used technique to identify the functional groups in the materials (gas, liquid, and solid) by using the beam of infrared radiations. An infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of IR radiation made by each bond in the molecule and as a result gives spectrum which is commonly designated as % transmittance versus wavenumber (cm−1). The IR region is at lower energy and higher wavelength than the UV-visible light and has higher energy or shorter wavelength than the microwave radiations. For the determination of functional groups in a molecule, it must be IR active. An IR active molecule is the one which has dipole moment. When the IR radiation interacts with the covalent bond of the materials having an electric dipole, the molecule absorbs energy, and the bond starts back and forth oscillation. Therefore, the oscillation which cause the change in the net dipole moment of the molecule should absorb IR radiations.
A single atom doesn’t absorb IR radiation as it has no chemical bond.
Symmetrical molecules also do not absorbed IR radiation, because of zero dipole moment. For example, H2 molecule has two H atoms; both cancel the effect of each other and giving zero dipole moment to H2 molecule. Therefore, H2 molecule is not an IR active molecule. On the other hand, HF is an IR active molecule, because when IR radiation interacts with HF molecule, the charge transferred toward the fluorine atom and as a result fluorine becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive, giving net dipole moment to H-F molecule. A particular IR radiation will be absorbed by a particular bond in the molecule, because every bond has their particular natural vibrational frequency. For example, a molecule such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) containing various bonds (C-C, C-H, C-O, O-H, and C=O), all these bonds are absorbed at specific wavelength and are not affected by other bond. In general we can say that two molecules with different structures don’t have the same infrared spectrum, although some of the frequencies might be same.
Bionanotech: Molecular Plasmonics in medicine and nanobiosensorsMd. Siddikur Rahman
Bionanotechlogy like nanomedicine and nanobiosensors based on molecular plasmonics. Using the application of localized surface plasmon resonance based on EM. SERS raman spectoscopy and many more application.
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation in all its forms with the matter. The interaction might give rise to electronic excitations, (e.g. UV), molecular vibrations (e.g. IR) or nuclear spin orientations (e.g. NMR). Thus Spectroscopy is the science of the interaction of energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), acoustic waves, or particle beams, with the matter.
Here in this article, the matter is studied in further detail.
Introduction
Principle
Instrumentation
Application
Advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion
References
Fluorescence spectroscopy also known as fluorometry or spectrofluorometry)
is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample.
It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light .
Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Likhith KLIKHITHK1
Microscopy is a means by which an object is transformed in to magnified image. There are different ways for magnifying the images of very small objects by large amounts. In any type of microscopy (optical microscopy or electron microscopy), a wave of wavelength λ (light wave or electron wave) interacts with the matter and as a result of this interaction we get the
microstructural information about the object. As the study of the materials at the nano-metric level is drawing much attention of the researchers in the current era, Electron Microscopy becomes a very important physical characterization tool at the nano-metric level. Electron Microscopy stands far ahead of the optical microscopy as it can provide the much improved
resolution and depth of focus compared to optical microscopy. This is a very introductory report on the basics of the electron microscopy (particularly on Transmission electron microscopy). Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM) operates on the same basic principles as the light microscope but uses electrons as “light source” and their much lower wavelength makes it possible to get a resolution thousand times better than with a light Microscopy.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a largely used technique to identify the functional groups in the materials (gas, liquid, and solid) by using the beam of infrared radiations. An infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of IR radiation made by each bond in the molecule and as a result gives spectrum which is commonly designated as % transmittance versus wavenumber (cm−1). The IR region is at lower energy and higher wavelength than the UV-visible light and has higher energy or shorter wavelength than the microwave radiations. For the determination of functional groups in a molecule, it must be IR active. An IR active molecule is the one which has dipole moment. When the IR radiation interacts with the covalent bond of the materials having an electric dipole, the molecule absorbs energy, and the bond starts back and forth oscillation. Therefore, the oscillation which cause the change in the net dipole moment of the molecule should absorb IR radiations.
A single atom doesn’t absorb IR radiation as it has no chemical bond.
Symmetrical molecules also do not absorbed IR radiation, because of zero dipole moment. For example, H2 molecule has two H atoms; both cancel the effect of each other and giving zero dipole moment to H2 molecule. Therefore, H2 molecule is not an IR active molecule. On the other hand, HF is an IR active molecule, because when IR radiation interacts with HF molecule, the charge transferred toward the fluorine atom and as a result fluorine becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive, giving net dipole moment to H-F molecule. A particular IR radiation will be absorbed by a particular bond in the molecule, because every bond has their particular natural vibrational frequency. For example, a molecule such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) containing various bonds (C-C, C-H, C-O, O-H, and C=O), all these bonds are absorbed at specific wavelength and are not affected by other bond. In general we can say that two molecules with different structures don’t have the same infrared spectrum, although some of the frequencies might be same.
Bionanotech: Molecular Plasmonics in medicine and nanobiosensorsMd. Siddikur Rahman
Bionanotechlogy like nanomedicine and nanobiosensors based on molecular plasmonics. Using the application of localized surface plasmon resonance based on EM. SERS raman spectoscopy and many more application.
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation in all its forms with the matter. The interaction might give rise to electronic excitations, (e.g. UV), molecular vibrations (e.g. IR) or nuclear spin orientations (e.g. NMR). Thus Spectroscopy is the science of the interaction of energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), acoustic waves, or particle beams, with the matter.
Here in this article, the matter is studied in further detail.
Spectroscopy using spectrophotometers of different types like: U.V, Mass Spectrophotometer, absorption , Emission, Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-rays Spectrophotometer
Spectroscopy and its Types with Applications.pdfPhysic-o-Chemics
After learning this Article you will be able to answer the questions related Spectroscopy & its types with their Working Principle, Applications, Advantages & Disadvantages.
https://physicochemics.com/how-can-we-explain-spectroscopy/
Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical Analysis and Instrumental Method of Analysis....Yunesalsayadi
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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4. The study of molecular structure and
dynamics through the Absorption, Emission
and Scattering of light.
5. The study of interaction between Matter and
Electromagnetic (EM) Radiations.
Matter: Anything which occupies space in
universe and having mass is called
Matter.
6. The visible light dispersed according to its
wavelength or frequency.
It is also used in Astronomy and Remote
Sensing on Earth.
7. There are two types of Spectroscopy
(a) Atomic Spectroscopy
(b) Molecular Spectroscopy
9. Atomic Spectroscopy is the study of the
electromagnetic radiations absorbed and
emitted by atoms.
Atomic Spectroscopy is a type of spectroscopic
technique which is used for both quantitative
and qualitative analysis of an element present
sample through mass spectrum.
10. It can be divided by Atomization source or by
the type of spectroscopy used.
There are different variations of atomic
spectroscopy emission, absorption,
fluorescence and mass spectroscopy.
11. There are two types of atomic spectroscopy
(a) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
(b) Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
12.
13. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on
absorption of light by free metallic ions.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy quantifies
the absorption of ground state atoms in the
gaseous state.
14. The atoms absorb ultraviolet or visible light
and make transitions to higher electronic
energy levels.
According the Beer-Lambert law directly in
AAS is difficult due to variations in the
atomization efficiency from the sample
matrix.
15.
16. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES or OES)
uses quantitative measurement of the optical
emission from excited atoms to determine
the concentration.
The atoms decay back to lower levels by
emitting
light.
17. This method is chemically analysis that uses
the intensity of light emitted from a flame,
plasma, arc at a particular wavelength to
determine the quantity of an element in a
sample.
It is one of the most useful and commonly
used
technique for analyses of metal and non-
metals.
18. Molecular Spectroscopy involves the
interaction of electromagnetic radiation with
materials in order to produce an absorption
pattern.
21. NMR spectroscopy is based on the
measurement of absorption of
electromagnetic radiation in the radio-
frequency.
Nuclei of atom rather than outer electrons
are involved in the absorption process.
22.
23. The wavelength of UV and visible light are
substantially shorter than the wavelength of
infrared radiations.
Molecule or ion absorbs ultraviolet or visible
radiation it undergoes a change in its valence
electron transition.
24.
25. Infrared Spectroscopy involves the interaction
of infrared radiation with matter.
The method or technique of infrared
spectroscopy is conducted with an
instruments called an infrared spectrometer.
26. A common laboratory instruments that uses
this technique is a Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectrometer.
Infrared spectroscopy has also been
successfully utilized in the field of
semiconductor microelectronics.
