Transgenic techniques and some animals produced using transgenic technology and their applications are simply studied in this ppt

1. Application of transgenic animals in
livestock production…
submitted by
T.TAMILSELVAN

2. over the centuries , animals with new
combination of genes have been produced using conventional
breeding methods by means of careful selection of particular
animals.

3. Transgenic animals
A Transgenic animal is one whose genome has
been changed to carry genes from other species.
A large number of transgenic animals have been created in
Mice Cows Pigs Sheep Goats Fish ..

4.  This is not cloning..!!!
 Transgenesis is radically new technology .
 Since DNA is the universal genetic code for living
organisms it can be completely transferred between
unrelated animals to produce organism with useful
characteristics.
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5. Inserting the transgene :
There are several ways of inserting a transgene
 Microinjection :
1. Eggs harvested super-ovulated animals fertilized in
vitro.
2. Micro tube use to hold the fertilized egg in place
and fine needle used to inject tiny amount of solution containing
copies of foreign DNA.
3. Eggs are then introduced into surrogate females.

6. Use of Retroviral vectors:
 These viruses can be used to carry gene of interest into
embryonic cells.
 Since DNA locates at different sites in different cells
the offspring are often genetic mosaics and outbreeding is
nesscessary.

7. Embryonic stem cell transfer :
 The genes can be injected into the blastocyst stage of a
developing embryo and the resulting foetus will be a
chimera .
 It is used in mice but not been successful in cattle , sheep
,pigs.

8. Sperm mediated cell transfer :
 spermatozoa act as vectors for transfer of the genetic material
.
 The sperm is then allowed for Fertilization.

9. some other techniques which are applied nowadays are :
 Primordial germ cell technique.
 gene targeting.
A Transgene :

10. TRANSPHARMERS :
Transpharmers are engineered to Over -express a
particular gene in mammary gland .
First done in animal milk and then shifted to milk
to produce drug from milk.
Larger animals like Sheeps, Goats , Cows are the
target.

11. Animals :
Scientist at the Rosalind institute in Scotland have
played a key role in the development of this technique
Tracey * Transgenic
It Produces Human alpha -1 prokinase
inhibitor in milk. Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis.
Polly (1997) :
It is the first transgenic lamb produced by
nuclear transfer.

12. Herman :
Gen pharm international in California engineered
the first transgenic Bull “HERMAN”.
 It contains the Human Lactoferrin , the source of iron for
human beings . Cows milk does not contain it.

13. SUPER PIG :
 Pig that grow bigger and faster , thus producing more
efficient food source.
 These pig expressed the Human growth hormone .
 It has many health problems.

14. Applications:
 In livestock , the Transgenic technology is used to produce
animals with resistant to diseases.
 Sheep could be made resistant to “Fly-strike” by producing
Chittinase in their skin to kill larvae.
 Transgenic pigs with phytase expressed in their saliva
efficiently digest dietary phytate , decreasing the phosphate in
excretion.
 Wool growth in sheep's is enhanced.

15.  Sows over expressing Bovine alpha – lacta-albumin in their
milk helps in increased piglet growth and health.
 Increased feed utilization efficiency from dietary roughage
in Ruminants.
 Size of live stock is improved.
 Transgenic cows exist that produce more milk or milk with
less lactose or cholesterol , and rich protein content.

16.  Pigs and cattles that have more meat on them.
 Eggs can be made healthier with high quality protein.
 Animals with disease –resistance are produced.
 The first transgenic cow “ ROSIE” produce human protein
enriched milk.

17. Benefits :
 Specificity
 speed
 flexibility
 Economical
Risks :
 Animal health
 Virus transfer.
 Dissemination.

18. This Transgenic technology is still experimental.