Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
KS
Uploaded bykencha swathi
39,034 views

Antiprotozoal agents

This document discusses antiprotozoal agents used to treat various protozoal diseases. It begins by introducing common protozoal diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, and leishmaniasis that infect humans and animals in tropical countries. The document then classifies antiprotozoal drugs and describes several types and their mechanisms of action. Key drugs discussed include emetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, clioquinol, and iodoquinol. The mechanisms of these drugs involve inhibiting protein synthesis, binding to DNA or metal ions, or undergoing microbial reduction to produce reactive intermediates.

Education◦
ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS BY SWATHI KENCHA
INTRODUCTION • Protozoal diseases are highly prevalent in tropical countries. • They infect both human and animal populations. • They are malaria,Amoebiasis, Balantidiasis,Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis,Tripanosoniasis, Leishmaniasis etc.., Swathi PharmaJnan
PROTOZOAL DISEASES Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.This protozoa try to invade the colon and affects other parts like liver & lungs. Giardiasis –Giardia lamblia Tripanosoniasis – Chronic tropical disease caused by pathogenic member of family of trypanosomidae. Tripanosoniasis is commonly called as sleeping sickness. Leishmaniasis – Chronic tropical disease caused by flagette protozoa of leishmania species. Swathi PharmaJnan
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA Swathi PharmaJnan
ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT-CLASSIFICATION • Drugs which used for the treatment of protozoal diseases are called as Antiprotozoal agents. Based on chemical structure:Antiprotozoal agents are classified as: 1.Natural compounds-Emetine Hcl 2.Imidazole derivatives- Metronidazole,Ornidazole,Tinidazole 3.8-Hydroxy quinolines-Clioquinol,Iodoquinol 4.Miscellaneous compounds –Diloxanide Furoate ,Carbarsone Swathi PharmaJnan
EMETINE Uses: Alkaloid obtained by the separation of Ipecac extracts. Mainly used in amoebiasis and exerts direct microbicidal action on various forms of entameoba histolytica. Swathi PharmaJnan
• It is also called as protozoal poison as it prevents protein synthesis &protein elongation. • Also used to treat balantidial dysentery &Fluke infestations such as fascioliasis & paragonimiasis. Toxicity: Gastrointestinal distress like nausea,diarrhoea. Cardiovascular effects like hypotension and arrythmias Neuromuscular effects like pain &weakness. Swathi PharmaJnan
MOA OF EMETINE • Emetine exerts direct microbicidal action on all forms of entameoba histolytica. • It is considered as protozoal poison because it prevents protein synthesis and protein elongation. Swathi PharmaJnan
METRONIDAZOLE Uses: For the treatment of trichomonal vaginalis,vaginitis. It is effective for the treatment of both intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis. It is used in the treatment of Giardiasis,Balantidiasis Used for the treatment of serious infections like septisemia,pneumonia,apses and meningitis. Swathi PharmaJnan
ORNIDAZOLE TINIDAZOLE Uses:Tinidazole is used in the treatment of Giardiasis and amoebiasis. Ornidazole is used to treat infections caused by protozoa and strains of anaerobic bacteria.,infections of stomach,intestine and UTI’s. Swathi PharmaJnan
MOA OF METRONIDAZOLE • Metronidazole undergoes microbial reduction of 5-nitro group. • The reactive intermediate metabolic products produced are nitroso group,hydroxylamino group,nitroxide,amino group. • These groups will covalently binds with DNA of the microorganism and causes lethal effect to the protozoa. Swathi PharmaJnan
CLIOQUINOL IODOQUINOL Uses: Clioquinol is used internally for intestinal amoebiasis. Iodoquinol is used for the treatment of acute &chronic intestinal amoebiasis. Swathi PharmaJnan
MOA OF CLIOQUINOL &IODOQUINOL • This class of compounds have antifungal and antibacterial property. • They have ability to chelate with bacterial metal ions. • I₂ improves the antimicrobial property. • An introduction of I₂ at 5th & 7th position improves the activity. • It has broad spectrum amoebicidal activity. Swathi PharmaJnan
DILOXANIDE FUROATE Uses: In the treatment of asymptomatic treatment of Entamoeba histolytica. Swathi PharmaJnan
CARBARSONE Uses: Antiamoebic drug Swathi PharmaJnan
SYNTHESIS OF METRONIDAZOLE RADZISZEWSKI REACTION Swathi PharmaJnan
LIKE,SHARE & SUBSCRIBE Swathi PharmaJnan