The document discusses the structure, life cycle, and classification of viruses as obligate intracellular parasites. It then summarizes the medicinal chemistry of various classes of anti-viral agents, including their synthesis and mechanisms of action. The main classes covered are adamantane derivatives like amantadine, purine nucleotides like acyclovir, pyrimidine nucleotides like trifluridine, and phosphorus derivatives like foscarnet. The anti-viral agents work by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, incorporating into viral DNA, or substituting for thymidine in viral DNA synthesis.
THIS PRESENTATION ABOUT ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DETAILING THE COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE DRUGS USED WITH ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION, STRUCTURAL ACTIVITY AND DOSES.
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This slide describes the Important Synthesis of Antiviral Drugs
antiviral drugs medicinal chemistry by padala varaprasadVaraprasad Padala
medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs by padala varaprasad
mainly includes structures, SAR , mechanism of action, uses and toxicity of antiviral drugs
THIS PRESENTATION ABOUT ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DETAILING THE COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE DRUGS USED WITH ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION, STRUCTURAL ACTIVITY AND DOSES.
subscribe the channel :Work&Life Hobbies
watch video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3rI1lf2TZ8&t=403s
This slide describes the Important Synthesis of Antiviral Drugs
antiviral drugs medicinal chemistry by padala varaprasadVaraprasad Padala
medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs by padala varaprasad
mainly includes structures, SAR , mechanism of action, uses and toxicity of antiviral drugs
-a broad-spectrum antibiotics.
-It is commonly used to treat acne, infection, and other infections caused by bacteria.
-The first of these compounds was chlortetracycline followed by oxytetracycline and tetracycline.
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is commonly used to treat acne today, and, more recently, rosacea, and is historically important in reducing the number of deaths from cholera. Tetracycline is marketed under the brand names Sumycin, Tetracyn, and Panmycin, among others. Actisite is a thread-like fiber formulation used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semisynthetic derivatives, which together are known as the tetracycline antibiotics. The term "tetracycline" is also used to denote the four-ring system of this compound; "tetracyclines" are related substances that contain the same four-ring system.
Malignancy is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.Chemotherapy is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen
Aminoglycosides(medicinal chemistry by p.ravisankar)Dr. Ravi Sankar
Aminoglycosides,Aminocyclitols,Source,Structures of streptomycin,Dihydrostreptomycin,A mention of other aminoglycoside antibiotics,Acid hydrolysis,Mechanism of action,SAR,Dihydrostreptomycin and its importance,therapeutic uses, toxicity.
Anti Malarial Drugs of medicinal chemistryPranjal Saxena
This slide contain information about Anti Malarial Drugs and their description with the synthesis of Chloroquine and pamaquine
SAR of quinolines
Miscellaneous agents of anti Malarial
The phenomenon of complex formation of drug with protein is called as Protein drug binding. The proteins are particularly responsible for such an interaction. A drug can interact with several tissue components.
Sulfonamide (also called sulphonamide, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) is the basis of several groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
-a broad-spectrum antibiotics.
-It is commonly used to treat acne, infection, and other infections caused by bacteria.
-The first of these compounds was chlortetracycline followed by oxytetracycline and tetracycline.
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is commonly used to treat acne today, and, more recently, rosacea, and is historically important in reducing the number of deaths from cholera. Tetracycline is marketed under the brand names Sumycin, Tetracyn, and Panmycin, among others. Actisite is a thread-like fiber formulation used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semisynthetic derivatives, which together are known as the tetracycline antibiotics. The term "tetracycline" is also used to denote the four-ring system of this compound; "tetracyclines" are related substances that contain the same four-ring system.
Malignancy is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.Chemotherapy is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen
Aminoglycosides(medicinal chemistry by p.ravisankar)Dr. Ravi Sankar
Aminoglycosides,Aminocyclitols,Source,Structures of streptomycin,Dihydrostreptomycin,A mention of other aminoglycoside antibiotics,Acid hydrolysis,Mechanism of action,SAR,Dihydrostreptomycin and its importance,therapeutic uses, toxicity.
Anti Malarial Drugs of medicinal chemistryPranjal Saxena
This slide contain information about Anti Malarial Drugs and their description with the synthesis of Chloroquine and pamaquine
SAR of quinolines
Miscellaneous agents of anti Malarial
The phenomenon of complex formation of drug with protein is called as Protein drug binding. The proteins are particularly responsible for such an interaction. A drug can interact with several tissue components.
Sulfonamide (also called sulphonamide, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) is the basis of several groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
Antiviral Agents,Medicinal Chemistry
•Introduction to Viruses
•Structure of Virus
•Types of Viruses.
•The viral Life cycle.
•Classification of Antiviral Agents
Anti viral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections.Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, smallest of all self replicating organisms, able to pass through filter that retain the smallest bacteria.Virus conduct no metabolic process on their own.They invade the host cell which may be bacteria, animal or plant cell.
medicinal chemistry of Antiviral drugsFatenAlsadek
medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs with its chemical structures and how they chemically work
Done by: Faten Al-Sadek , Pharmacy student at Mohammed Al-Mana college for Health Sciences -MACHS
This PPT covers Drug therapy for Viral Infection or disease. It includes Viral replication cycle, classification of antiviral drugs, Anti-Herpes drug, Anti Influenza drugs, Anti hepatitis drugs and anti retroviral drugs
Clinical symptoms and management of Arsenic poisoningSoujanya Pharm.D
This presentation includes Introduction & physical appearance of arsenic, usual fatal dose, toxicokinetics and mode of action of arsenic, Clinical (toxic) symptoms, diagnosis and management of Arsenic poisoning
Gut decontamination or methods of poison removal in clinical toxicology Soujanya Pharm.D
This presentation includes various methods of poison removal like emesis, gastric lavage (stomach wash), catharsis, activated charcoal, whole bowel irrigation.
This presentation includes definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology (life cycle), diagnosis, clinical features of uncomplicated & severe malaria and treatment of malaria.
Liver function tests for Pharm.D (Medicinal biochemistry & Clinical pharmacy)Soujanya Pharm.D
Introduction, Major functions of liver, Tests to assess liver function, Classification of liver function tests, Interpretation of results (Medicinal biochemistry & Clinical pharmacy)
Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology, Aspects of anxiety, Classification/types of anxiety, Pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, Management of anxiety disorders along with treatment algorithms
Definition, Patterns/types and mechanisms of drug induced liver disorders, assessment of drug induced liver disorders and its treatment (pharmacotherapeutics-3)
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. ANTI VIRAL AGENTS:-
Anti viral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for
treating viral infections.Viruses are obligate intracellular
parasites,smallest of all self replicating organisms,able to pass through
filter that retain the smallest bacteria.Virus conduct no metabolic
process on their own.They invade the host cell which may be
bacteria,animal or plant cell.
3. STRUCTURE OF VIRUS:-
Virus doesn’t possess cell
wall.It consists of one or more of
linear or helical strands pf either
DNA or RNA,enclosed in the
shell of protein known as
capsid.The capsid is composed of
several sub units known as
capsomers.In certain
cases,capsid may be surrounded
by an outer protein or
lipoprotein envelop.
4. LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUS:-
Viral life cycle varies with species but they all share a general pattern.
1.Adsorption:-Attachment of virus to the host cell.
2.Penetration:-Penetration of virus into the host cell.
3.Uncoating:-The genetic material of viral genome(DNA/RNA)passes into the
host cell, leaving the capsid covering outside the cell.
4.Transcription:-Production of viral m-RNA from viral genome.
5.Translation:-Viral genome enters the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm and utilises
the host nucleic acid for the synthesis of new viral protein and also for the
production of more viral genome.The viral protein modifies the host cell and
allows the viral genome to replicate by using host and viral enzyme.In this
stage,the cell is irreversibly modified and eventually killed.
5. 6.Assembly:-New viral coat protein assembles into capsid and viral
genomes.
7.Release:-Release of the mature virus from the cells by budding
process or by rupture of the cell and the process is repeated in fresh
host cell.Since the host cell machinery is totally utilised for the
production of new virions,the normal cell function ceases at the time
of production.
8. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI VIRAL AGENTS:-
The anti viral agents may be divided into the following categories
based on their chemical structure:-
1.Admantane derivatives:-
Amantadine,Rimantadine,Somantadine,Tromantadine
2.Purine nucleotides:-
Acyclovir,Ganciclovir,Vidarabine,Valaciclovir,Penciclovir
3.Pyrimidine nucleotides:-
Trifluridine,Idoxuridine
4.Phosphorus derivatives:-
Foscarnet
17. PROPERTIES & USES:-
Amantadine is a white,odourless,crystalline powder with a bitter
taste,freely soluble in water.It is effective in the prophylaxis and therapy
of infection caused by influenza-A and is active against a number of DNA
and RNA virus in vitro.It may block either the assembly of influenza-A
virus or the release of viral nucleic acid in the host cell.
The drug is well absorbed from the GIT is not metabolised and
is excreted by the kidney.
Dose related adverse effects include
confusion,hallucinations,seizures & coma.
21. MECHANISM OF ACTION:-
Acyclovir gets activated after three phosphorylation steps by
viral specific enzymes termed thymidine kinases.These active
metabolites accumulate in the infected cells and exerts their action by
two mechanisms.
1.Competitive inhibition of herpes virus DNA polymerases.
2.Incorporation of Acyclovir into viral DNA.
24. 1.The length of acyclic side chain attached at N-9 is essential for the anti
viral activity.
2.When the acyclic side chain containing hydroxy methylene group was
replaced by other substituents,inactive analogues are obtained.This
implies that –CH2OH group is essential for anti viral activity.
3.The 9-alkoxy derivative was obtained when a slight modification was
brought in the acyl side chain which is highly active against herpes
simplex and varicella zoster viruses.
4.Several structural modifications have been brought to acyclovir to
obtain high potent drugs.
25. USES OF ACYCLOVIR:-
It is a drug of choice in both prophylaxis and treatment of
herpes simplex virus,particularly type-1 including chronic and recurrent
mucocutaneous herpes in the immunologically impaired host,primary
and secondary genital herpes and herpes simplex encephalitis.Cells
infected with herpex simplex phosphorylate the drug to yield a
cycloguanosine triphosphate,which preferentially inhibits viral DNA
polymerase.
28. MECHANISM OF ACTION:-
1.Idoxuridine acts as a anti viral agent against DNA virus.
2.It is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase to active triphosphate.
3.This phosphorylated drug inhibits HSV DNA polymerase enzyme
which is necessary for the synthesis of viral DNA.
4.The ability of idoxuridylic acid substitute for deoxythymidic acid in the
synthesis of viral DNA may be due to the similar vander waal’s radii of
iodine and the thymidine methyl group.
29. USES OF IDOXURIDINE:-
Idoxuridine is mainly used for the topical treatment of HSV
infection of eyelid,conjuctiva & cornea and approved as opthalmic
ointment or solution.Epithelial infections respond much better than
stromal infections.