NurseReview.Org - Antimalarials Updates (pharmacology tutorial)
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This document discusses anti-spasmodic drugs, which are smooth muscle relaxants used to prevent spasms in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder. It describes two types - anticholinergics/antimuscarinics which block acetylcholine receptors, and non-anticholinergic smooth muscle relaxants. Specific drugs discussed include hyoscine butylbromide, dicyclomine, and drotaverine. These drugs are used to treat conditions involving smooth muscle spasms like irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain, and urinary incontinence. Their mechanisms of action and side effect profiles are also outlined.
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Sulfonamides were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents used to treat bacterial infections in humans. They work by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria and killing them. Common side effects include crystalluria, renal impairment, bone marrow suppression, rashes, and hypersensitivity reactions. Sulfonamides are administered orally and indicated for infections like typhoid, urinary tract infections, and meningococcal meningitis. Nurses must monitor patients for adverse reactions and educate them about drug interactions and photosensitivity.
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- While morphine remains a gold standard for pain treatment, its use requires precautions around side effects like respiratory depression, especially in high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions.
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- Sympathomimetic bronchodilators are classified as non-selective or beta-2 selective. Non-selective drugs like epinephrine activate both alpha and beta receptors and are more likely to cause side effects, while beta-2 selective drugs primarily target the lungs.
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This document discusses malaria, which is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through mosquito bites. It describes the symptoms and species of Plasmodium, including P. falciparum which causes severe malaria. Various antimalarial drugs are outlined, including chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin combinations. The mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, resistance, adverse effects and contraindications are summarized for major antimalarial drugs. Treatment guidelines for different forms of malaria and radical cure using primaquine are also provided.
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The document discusses various antimalarial drugs, classifying them as tissue schizontocides or blood schizontocides. It summarizes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of several common antimalarial medications including chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, quinine, pyrimethamine, tetracyclines, and artemisinin derivatives. It also describes various artemisinin-based combination therapies that are now widely used as first-line treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
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This document discusses antimalarial drugs and their classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It begins by identifying the four main Plasmodium species that infect humans. It then covers individual drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, and artemisinin derivatives. It classifies drugs based on their therapeutic effects and chemical structures. Key points include how each drug works against the malaria parasite, their pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is highlighted as the recommended treatment for acute uncomplicated malaria.
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It includes significant pharmacological headings, including an additional heading, stating important catchpoints with respect to amoxicillin!
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- Morphine administration results in pain relief, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and a risk of tolerance and physical dependence developing with chronic use.
- While morphine remains a gold standard for pain treatment, its use requires precautions around side effects like respiratory depression, especially in high-risk groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions.
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This document discusses antimalarial drugs. It describes that malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by mosquitoes. It outlines the different Plasmodium species and classes of antimalarial drugs, including mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. Key drugs discussed include chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, sulfonamide-pyrimethamine, primaquine, tetracyclines, clindamycin, and artemisinin derivatives.
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- Bronchodilators like epinephrine, salbutamol, and terbutaline work by binding to beta-2 receptors in the lungs, relaxing smooth muscle and dilating airways. They have been used for thousands of years to treat respiratory conditions.
- Sympathomimetic bronchodilators are classified as non-selective or beta-2 selective. Non-selective drugs like epinephrine activate both alpha and beta receptors and are more likely to cause side effects, while beta-2 selective drugs primarily target the lungs.
- Inhalation is the preferred route of administration as it delivers drugs directly to the lungs, but oral and intravenous routes can also be used. Common side effects include
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This document discusses malaria, which is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through mosquito bites. It describes the symptoms and species of Plasmodium, including P. falciparum which causes severe malaria. Various antimalarial drugs are outlined, including chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin combinations. The mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, resistance, adverse effects and contraindications are summarized for major antimalarial drugs. Treatment guidelines for different forms of malaria and radical cure using primaquine are also provided.
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This document discusses antimalarial drugs and their classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It begins by identifying the four main Plasmodium species that infect humans. It then covers individual drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, and artemisinin derivatives. It classifies drugs based on their therapeutic effects and chemical structures. Key points include how each drug works against the malaria parasite, their pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is highlighted as the recommended treatment for acute uncomplicated malaria.
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Malaria is a significant global public health problem, infecting over 200 million people annually and killing over 1 million. The disease disproportionately impacts sub-Saharan Africa, where a child dies every 30 seconds from malaria. There are multiple antimalarial drugs that target different stages of the parasite's complex lifecycle in humans and mosquitos. Treatment depends on the Plasmodium species, infection severity, resistance patterns, and other factors. Rapidly-acting artemisinin derivatives are now commonly used in combination therapies for drug-resistant infections.
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(standard).Overall, this study suggest that stings protein of Apis mellifera showed anti-inflammatory potential against
rubella vaccine antigen.
Key-words- Anti-inflammatory, Apis mellifera, Stings, Nanodrop, ELISA
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TCD MENA CRO is an affiliate of TCD Global headquartered in South Africa, providing end-to-end clinical research services: Regulatory Affairs, Clinical Operations, Project Management, Pharmacovigilance, Data Management, Biostatistics & Medical Writing.
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TCD MENA Team understands the needs of sponsors in a time when there are significant economic constraints globally. Part of our mission will be to convert these sponsor needs into innovative solutions to support R&D objectives in terms of Quality, Time & Cost flexibility.
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Sponsor/CRO Responsibilities-GCP Workshop 27 FEB 2017
This document provides an overview of the key responsibilities of sponsors and contract research organizations (CROs) in clinical trials. It discusses CRO responsibilities in areas such as regulatory affairs, project management, clinical operations, biometrics, medical writing, pharmacovigilance, and quality assurance. For each area, it briefly outlines some of the main tasks involved, such as regulatory submission and approval, clinical monitoring, statistical analysis, safety reporting, and ensuring compliance with Good Clinical Practice standards. The overall purpose is to define the roles that CROs take on to assist sponsors in managing various aspects of clinical research.
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Pegylation of protiens drugsSynthetic Medicinal Chemistry Lab, College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University
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ESSENCE OF SOFOSBUVIR 400mg.
- An estimated 170 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). New direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs such as sofosbuvir have improved sustained virologic response rates and reduced treatment duration and side effects compared to previous interferon-based regimens.
- Phase 2/3 clinical trials showed that 12 weeks of sofosbuvir plus peginterferon and ribavirin achieved high SVR rates of 88-99% in treatment-naive patients with genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 HCV. Sofosbuvir is a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase enzyme.
Antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of brazilian plants
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Azathioprine.ppt
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug used as an adjunct to prevent rejection in renal transplants and to treat severe rheumatoid arthritis. It works by suppressing cell-mediated immune responses and altering antibody production. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, rash, and hematologic issues like leukopenia. Nurses monitor patients for signs of infection or toxicity and educate them about proper administration and reporting any adverse reactions. Precautions are needed due to teratogenicity and increased risk of infections and cancers with long term use.
Treatment of HCV Genotype 4
This lecture is about Treatment of HCV Genotype 4 presented by Dr. Tamer Elbaz, Assistant professor of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Cairo University.
The lecture was presented in the scientific meeting of Internal and Tropical Medicine departments, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital titled (Towards Eradication of HCV in Egypt) in celebration of World Hepatitis Day on July 28, 2016.
https://www.facebook.com/AMTH.IM
https://www.facebook.com/events/1072758396145209/
http://www.no4c.com
Revision of treatment protocols for hcv genotype 4 infection 2016
This presentation describes the updated protocols for management of HCV G4 infection highlighting the most recent Egyptian Consensus
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Antihelminthic and antiprotozoal drugs work by killing or expelling parasitic worms and protozoa. Common antihelminthics discussed include mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel, and levamisole which are used to treat nematode, cestode, and trematode infections. Their mechanisms of action involve inhibiting microtubule assembly, inducing paralysis, or activating nicotinic receptors in the parasites. Common antiprotozoals discussed include metronidazole for amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis, and drugs for malaria such as chloroquine, primaquine, and antifol combinations. Adverse
ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS.ppt
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Antihelminthic and antiprotozoal drugs work by killing or expelling parasitic worms and protozoa. Common antihelminthics discussed include mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel, and levamisole which are used to treat nematode, cestode, and trematode infections. Their mechanisms of action involve inhibiting microtubule assembly, inducing paralysis, or activating nicotinic receptors in the parasites. Common antiprotozoals discussed include metronidazole for amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis, and drugs for malaria such as chloroquine, primaquine, and antifol combinations. Adverse
ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS.ppt
Antihelminthic and antiprotozoal drugs are used to treat infections caused by parasites. The major classes of antihelminthics discussed target nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes. Specific drugs mentioned include mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel, levamisole, and praziquantel. These drugs work through various mechanisms including disrupting microtubule assembly, inducing muscle paralysis, or causing calcium leakage. Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. Antiprotozoal drugs discussed treat infections caused by protozoa like Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Plasmodium
ANTIHELMINTHICs.ppt
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13 Antiprotozoal Drugs.pptx
This document discusses antiparasitic drugs used to treat various protozoal diseases. It begins by introducing several important protozoal diseases including malaria, amoebiasis, and giardiasis. It then describes the classification and mechanisms of various antimalarial and antiprotozoal agents. A significant portion of the document focuses on the life cycle of Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria and how different antimalarial drugs target specific stages of the parasite's life cycle. It provides details on commonly used drugs as well as their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
Antiamoebic and other
1) Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica, the parasite that causes amebiasis. It kills the trophozoites of E. histolytica.
2) Pentavalent antimonials like sodium stibogluconate are the conventional treatment for leishmaniasis, though pentamidine and amphotericin B are also used.
3) For malaria, chloroquine remains a first-line treatment for non-falciparum and chloroquine-sensitive falciparum malaria, though resistance has emerged. Artemisinin derivatives combined with other drugs are now recommended for falciparum
Drugs used in protozoal infections with antiprotozoal drugs
This file includes diseases caused by protozoa like amebiasis, Giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis with drugs acting on the diseases like Emetine, Metronidazole, clioquinol and iodoquinol with their mechanism of action and their pharmacology.
Amebicides.ppt
Amebiasis can be caused by two species of Entamoeba, with E. histolytica causing disease in 10% of cases. It may lead to colitis or liver abscesses. Metronidazole is usually the first-line treatment for intestinal and liver infections as it is effective against the trophozoite form. It is an antibiotic that works by disrupting the DNA of anaerobic bacteria and parasites. Other drugs used include diloxanide furoate or iodoquinol as luminal amebicides, and emetine or dehydroemetine for tissue infections.
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This document discusses drugs used to treat parasitic infections caused by protozoa, malaria parasites, and helminths. It describes the life cycles of malaria parasites and how different antimalarial drugs like chloroquine target the asexual blood stage of the parasite. It also outlines antiprotozoal drugs that treat infections caused by protozoa like amebiasis and giardiasis, and their mechanisms of action. Finally, it covers antihelmintic drugs that treat helminth infections from worms, and how specific drugs target different types of worms.
Pharmacology of Antihelmintic and Antisyphilitic Drugs
Get information about the antihelmintic , antiprotozoal and antisyphilitic drugs, and their classification with mechanism of action and clinical uses.
Anthelmintic Drugs 1.pptx
1. Helminthiasis is infection with parasitic intestinal worms which is treated using anthelmintic drugs that target nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes.
2. Major anthelmintic drug classes include benzimidazoles (e.g. albendazole, mebendazole), ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and pyrantel pamoate.
3. These drugs work by interfering with the worms' microtubules, glucose uptake, or neuromuscular function to paralyze and eliminate the parasites from the digestive tract.
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This document discusses anti-helminthic drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections. It defines anti-helminthics as drugs that expel or kill parasitic worms without significantly damaging the host. The document describes common helminth infections, classifies anti-helminthic drugs by mode of action and type of infection treated, and provides details on commonly used drugs including Albendazole, Mebendazole, Levamisole, and Pyrantel pamoate. It explains the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, dosages, and adverse effects of these anti-helminthic drugs.
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describe about different protozoal infection and drug used for the treatment and mechanism of actions.
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This document discusses antiprotozoal agents used to treat various protozoal diseases. It begins by introducing common protozoal diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, and leishmaniasis that infect humans and animals in tropical countries. The document then classifies antiprotozoal drugs and describes several types and their mechanisms of action. Key drugs discussed include emetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, clioquinol, and iodoquinol. The mechanisms of these drugs involve inhibiting protein synthesis, binding to DNA or metal ions, or undergoing microbial reduction to produce reactive intermediates.
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The document discusses various classes of anti-infective agents used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It describes several common antibiotic classes used to treat UTIs including sulfonamides like cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and cephalosporins like cephalexin. For each drug class or example drug, it covers properties, uses, dosage, mechanism of action, synthesis when described, and potential adverse drug reactions. The document provides an overview of treatment options for UTIs with details on several front-line antibiotic classes.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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