1. The document discusses various types of fungal infections including systemic, opportunistic, and superficial mycoses. It describes the causative agents and symptoms of each.
2. Several classes of antifungal agents are covered, including azoles, allyl amines, fatty acids, phenols, nucleosides, antifungal antibiotics, and others. The mechanisms of action for each class is explained.
3. Specific antifungal drugs are highlighted including their uses for treating different fungal infections. Clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, naftifine, tolnaftate and others are discussed.
Antiviral Agents,Medicinal Chemistry
•Introduction to Viruses
•Structure of Virus
•Types of Viruses.
•The viral Life cycle.
•Classification of Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents,Medicinal Chemistry
•Introduction to Viruses
•Structure of Virus
•Types of Viruses.
•The viral Life cycle.
•Classification of Antiviral Agents
Anti Malarial Drugs of medicinal chemistryPranjal Saxena
This slide contain information about Anti Malarial Drugs and their description with the synthesis of Chloroquine and pamaquine
SAR of quinolines
Miscellaneous agents of anti Malarial
classification of antiviral agents,replication of HIV virus and replication of virus.targets of virus,classification of antiviral agents with structure and mechanism action of antiviral agents
antiviral drugs medicinal chemistry by padala varaprasadVaraprasad Padala
medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs by padala varaprasad
mainly includes structures, SAR , mechanism of action, uses and toxicity of antiviral drugs
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about anti-fungal drugs. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Definition, Classification
[Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds with * mark), uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulation & their popular brand names]
Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin*,
Moxifloxacin,
Anti Malarial Drugs of medicinal chemistryPranjal Saxena
This slide contain information about Anti Malarial Drugs and their description with the synthesis of Chloroquine and pamaquine
SAR of quinolines
Miscellaneous agents of anti Malarial
classification of antiviral agents,replication of HIV virus and replication of virus.targets of virus,classification of antiviral agents with structure and mechanism action of antiviral agents
antiviral drugs medicinal chemistry by padala varaprasadVaraprasad Padala
medicinal chemistry of antiviral drugs by padala varaprasad
mainly includes structures, SAR , mechanism of action, uses and toxicity of antiviral drugs
Hello friends. In this PPT I am talking about anti-fungal drugs. If you like it, please do let me know in the comments section. A single word of appreciation from you will encourage me to make more of such videos. Thanks. Enjoy and welcome to the beautiful world of pharmacology where pharmacology comes to life. This video is intended for MBBS, BDS, paramedical and any person who wishes to have a basic understanding of the subject in the simplest way.
Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Definition, Classification
[Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds with * mark), uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulation & their popular brand names]
Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin*,
Moxifloxacin,
Description on types of fungal organisms with differences between bacteria and fungi. A note on useful and harmful fungi. Brief insight on Antifungal classification, mechanism of actions and pharmacological profile with drug of choices for various fungal infections.
Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.
Anti-malarial drugs [Drugs used for Malaria].pptx slide share Imad Agarwal
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Chemically Anti-malarial drugs are classified to two categories. 4 aminoquinolines and 8 aminoquinolines.
1• 4 Aminoquinolines
Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, Piperaquine, Mefloquine, Quinine, Proguanil, pyrimathamine, and Sulfadoxine .
3•8 Aminoquinolines
Primaquine, Tafenoquine, Atovaquone, pyronarodin, Halofantrene, Lumefantrene, Artesunate, Artemether, Arteether and Arterolane.
#pharmacology #Nursing #Nursingnotes #antimalarial
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• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. FUNGAL INFECTIONS
■ Fungal infections are also called as Mycoses
■ Mycoses are of 2 well defined groups
1. Systemic mycoses
2.Superficial mycoses
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3. SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
■ Sporadic distribution is very common in some areas and not common in
other areas.
■ Soil inhabiting saprophytes causes systemic mycoses
■ They can adapt to the internal environment of the host by lungs,which
is a common route.
■ The infection can be found by skins test or immunological procedures.
■ Body produces gaint cells/walling off
■ Lesions are detected by autopsy/X-ray.
Eg: Histoplasmosis,sporotrichosis,Blastomycosis,Coccidiodomycosis,
Cryptococcosis,Paracoccidiodomycoses
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4. OPPURTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
■ These are the new type of systemic infections which occurs due to
overuse of immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, steroids,
cytotoxins,Infra red radiations.
Eg: Systemic candidiasis,Aspergillosis
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5. SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
Superficial mycoses is of 2 types.
1.Cutaneous superficial mycoses
2.Subcutaneous superficial mycoses
Cutaneous infections are most common compared to subcutaneous
infection.
Cutaneous infection occurs in keratinized epidermis and epidermal
appendages like hair ,nail etc..,
Eg:Trichophyton infection,Microsporum infection,Tinea infections
(Hand,groin,beard,scalp,nails)
Subcutaneous infection involves skin as well as subcutaneous tissue.
Eg: Chromomycoses,sporotrichosis,Mycetoma,Lobomycoses
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6. FUNGAL INFECTIONS-REACTIONS
■ Tissue actions of fungal diseases shows different response
and it varies widely depends on type of organism involved.
■ That reactions include severe inflammation followed by scar
formation,Keloid formation(projections).
■ A uniform acute pyogenic(formation of pus) takes
place,granuloma with ceseations & fibro caseous ,pulmonary
granuloma.
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7. ANTIFUNGALAGENTS
■ Drugs used in the treatment of various types of fungal
infections(mycoses) are called as antifungal agents.
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8. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
Antifungal agents are classified based on their chemical structure:
1.Azoles- Clotrimazole,Miconazole,Ketoconazole
2.Allyl amines and related compounds- Naftifine,Tolnaftate
3.Fatty acids and its derivatives-Zinc propionate,Sodium caprylate
4.Phenols and its derivatives- Haloprogin,Cyclopirox olamine
5.Nucleosides- Flucytosine
6.Anti-fungal antibiotics-Natamycin,Amphoterecin-B,Nystatin,Candicidin
7.Other antifungal antibiotics- Griseofulvin
8.Miscellaneous antifungal agents- Acrisorcin
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9. CLOTRIMAZOLE
Uses: Topically it is used in the treatment of tinea pedes,T.cruris,
T.capitis & cutaneous candidiasis.
It is also used for vulvo vaginal candidiasis.
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11. KETOCONAZOLE
Uses: Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent
Used to treat systemic fungal infections like
candidiasis,Coccidiodomycoses,Histoplasmosis,Blastomycoses,Chromomycose
s.
To treat cutaneous dermatophytic infections.
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Acetyl Piperazine Phenyl
Dichlorophenyl
Imidazole
Dioxalan
15. SODIUM CAPRYLATE
Uses: It is used topically to treat superficial dermatomycoses caused by
Candida albicans,Trycophytan ,Mycosporum,Epidermophyton species.
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17. CYCLOPIROX
Uses: Broad spectrum antifungal agent for topical use.
In the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis,tinea corporis,Tinea cruris
infections.
It is a second line agent for the treatment of
onyochomycoses(Ringworm of nails)
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18. FLUCYTOSINE
Uses: Narrow spectrum antifungal agent
To treat serious systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of
candida and cryptococcus species.
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19. NATAMYCIN
Uses: In the treatment of fungal conjunctivitis
To treat Blepharitis(Inflammation of eyelids)
To treat Keratitis(Inflammation of cornea)
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20. AMPHOTERECIN-B
Uses: Parentral amphotericin-B is used for the treatment of severe
potentially life threatening fungal infections including coccidiodomycoses,
Histoplasmoses,North American Blastomycoses & Aspergillosis.
Topically it is used to treat cutaneous and mucocutaneous mycoses
caused by candida albicans.
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21. NYSTATIN
Uses: For the treatment of local and GIT Candida infections caused by
candida albicans and other candida species.
To control vaginal candidiasis.
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23. GRISEOFULVIN
Uses: For the treatment of ringworm and fungal infections on the hair, nails & feet caused
by various species of fungi.
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25. MOA OF AZOLES
■ Azoles are fungicidal at high concentrations.
■ They are fungistatic at low concentrations.
■ Fungicidal effect is due to the damage of cell-membrane with the loss of essential
cellular components such as K+ and amino acids.
■ Fungistatic effect is due to the inhibition of membrane bound enzymes such as
cytP-450 involved in the fungal sterol biosynthesis particularly lanosterol 14α-
demethylase.
■ This enzyme is essential for the biosynthesis of ergosterol,the principle sterol
component of fungal cell membrane.
■ Lanosterol 14α-demethylase is also required for the biosynthesis of
Cholesterol.
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27. MOA OF ALLYLAMINES
■ Tolnaftate,Naftifine drugs interfere with early step of
ergosterol biosynthesis namely epoxidation of squalene by
Squalene epoxidase.
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28. MOA OF FATTY ACIDS & PHENOLS
■ Seabum ,an acid in and on the skin is a natural antifungal
agent.Fatty acid like seabum when applied to the infected
area acts as antifungal agents.Salts of fatty acids are also
fungicidal.
Eg: Zinc propionate,Sodium caprylate
■ They interfere with cell-membrane integrity and function in
susceptible fungi.
Eg: Haloprogin,Cyclopirox
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29. MOA OF NUCLEOSIDES
■ 5-Fluoro cytosine undergoes deamination to form 5-Fluro uracil.
■ 5-Fluoro uracil converts to 5-Fluoro uridine monophosphate,then diphosphate,triphosphate
and enters into RNA (by formation of faulty RNA) or blocks the synthesis of DNA causes cell-
death.
5-Fluoro cytosine 5-Fluoro cytosine 5-Fluoro uracil
5-Fluoro uridine diphosphate 5-Fluoro uridine monophosphate
5-Fluoro uridine triphosphate RNA(Faulty) Cell-death
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Active
transport
(Out of cell) (Inside of cell)
30. MOA OF ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTICS
■ These drugs penetrate the fungal cell-membrane becoz of their three
dimensional shape.
■ After penetrating into the cell membrane they act as false membrane
components and binds with ergosterol causing membrane disruption
and loss of cellular constituents especially potassium ions.
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31. MOA OF GRISEOFULVIN
■ Griseofulvin is a mitotic spindle poison.
■ It arrests the cell-division in metaphase.
■ It binds with tubulin dimer which is required for microtubule formation.
■ Then shows selective toxicity to fungi and causes cell-death
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