This document discusses calcium channels and calcium channel blockers. It begins by describing the four types of calcium channels in the body (L-type, N-type, P-type, and T-type) and their roles. It then provides more details on the locations and functions of each type of calcium channel. The document next explains that calcium channel blockers are drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases by blocking calcium channels. It classifies calcium channel blockers into three categories and lists examples for each category. The document concludes by listing several medical uses of calcium channel blockers, such as treating angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, migraines, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

1. CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKERS
BY
KENCHA SWATHI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
BANGALORE

2. CALCIUM CHANNELS
• 4 types of ca2+ channels have been identified in the body.
1.L-Type
2.N-Type
3.P-Type
4.T-Type
• Calcium channels are present in many tissues which are
relevant to the nervous tissue where the entry of ca2+into nerve
terminals plays a key role in cardiac, muscular and neuronal
functions.
• Calcium channels regulate the intracellular concentration of
calcium ions.

3. L-Type:
Location –Cardiac & smooth muscle,SA node,AV node.
Function – Regulate excitation -contraction coupling pacemaker
activity &conduction velocity.
N-Type:
Location &Function – Located in synaptic terminals,function in the
nervous system,heart & kidneys.They are important in
neurotransmitter release.

4. P-Type:
Location – Axon terminals,Neurons of CNS & PNS
Function – Neurotransmitter and hormone release at synaptic terminals
of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.
T-Type –
Location – Brain,PNS,Heart,Smooth muscle,Bone and endocrine system.
Function – To control the pacemaking activity of the SA Node within the
heart and action potentials within the thalamus

5. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
• Drugs which block the calcium channels and are used in the
treatment of various cardiovascular diseases are called calcium
channel blockers.
CLASSIFICATION
1.Phenylalkylamines – Verapamil,Bepridil Hcl
2.1,4-Dihydropyridines – Nifedipine,Amlodipine,
Nimodipine,Felodipine,Nicardipine
3.Benzothiazepines – Diltiazem Hcl

6. VERAPAMIL BEPRIDIL HCl

7. NIFEDIPINE AMLODIPINE

8. NIMODIPINE FELODIPINE

9. NICARDIPINE DILTIAZEM

10. USES OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
To treat angina pectoris
To treat supra ventricular arrythmias
To treat Hypertension
To treat Mygraine
To treat Raynaud’s Phenomenon

11. THANK YOU