The document describes the anatomy of the anterior thigh muscles. It discusses the origin, insertion, innervation and action of muscles like the quadriceps, sartorius, adductors, gracilis, pectineus, iliopsoas and psoas. It also covers the anatomy of related structures like femoral triangle, compartments and nerves of the thigh.
Lower Limb Human Anatomy ( Muscles )
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur.
Lower Limb Human Anatomy ( Muscles )
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur.
In een wereld waarin communicatie, transparantie en snelheid steeds belangrijker worden, inspireert Mobillion u met social en mobile media services om mensen, informatie en communicatietechnologie te verbinden. Mobillion biedt u kansen om online interactie aan te gaan met uw doelgroep en uw netwerk verder te ontwikkelen met gerichte interactie!
Black Beauty est un magazine féminin distribué en France et qui consacre 8 pages en Février au salon Beauty Color (page 26 à 33). Retrouvez moi en page 30.
Knick is a leading compiny providing Isolators and Analytics devices. This Slide show introduce to you Knick Elektronische company and products. You will have a large overview of our knowledge and strength
Migrating your Windows Store (8) applications to version 8.1Andrej Tozon
Slides from my NTK14 talk with guidance on how update your existing Windows Store app projects that currently target Windows 8, that they work with the latest version - Windows 8.1. What has changed, both in framework and default Visual Studio templates? What new controls can we use? What new features are built in existing controls? In Slovenian language.
Youth Connect 2015- Youth Agency Stream Activities and HandoutsVlado Becarevic
These activities/handouts are intended for Youth Workers to have in order to be able to facilitate effective usage of LinkedIn when it comes to creating your profile, building your LinkedIn network and searching for jobs on LinkedIn. In addition, it will assist Youth Workers and others in determining how to implement LinkedIn in their respective organizations.
In 2010, I wrote TOUGH LOVE, a business book masquerading as a screenplay. It reads just like a Hollywood screenplay with standard script format, seven main characters, and two plot lines.
The script tells the story of how a rags-to-riches entrepreneur finds success building a company (Galaxy Coffee) to be bigger only to realize, the hard way, that smaller is better. Inserted throughout the TOUGH LOVE script are breakout business lessons and thought-provoking business advice geared towards entrepreneurs and small business owners.
Thigh - Anterior Compartment Anatomy contains many muscles and important Triangle the Femoral triangle. This slide gives you a diagramatic representation of the Ant.Compt and also Apllied anatomy facilitating Integrated Teaching.
Patient-based learning made simple
Understanding the anatomy of a sports injury is the key to unlocking the diagnosis for most clinicians. Unfortunately, anatomy is often poorly taught, is not clinically focused and many anatomy textbooks are so complicated that searching for clinically useful information is difficult. In addition, multiple pathologies can present in an overlapping fashion, making the differentiation of the various possible causes of injury problematic.
Clinical Sports Anatomy classifies structures according to their anatomical reference points to form a diagnostic triangle. Discriminant questions are coupled with the more useful clinical tests and diagnostic manoeuvres to direct the reader toward a definitive clinical diagnosis. This approach is firmly rooted in evidence-based medicine and includes a list of the most appropriate investigations required to confirm diagnosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
4. Medial or adductor group:
adductor longus, adductor
brevis, adductor portion
adductor magnus and
gracillis are supplied by
the obturator nerve
Posterior group:
hamstring,
semimembranosus,
semitendinosus, biceps
femoris, adductor
magnus, below femoral
hiatus
Supplied by sciatic nerve
5. Anterior wall formed by transversalis
fascia
Posterior by fascia iliaca
Three compartments
Medial, short, is the femoral canal,
contains lymph gland
Opens into abdomen via femoral ring,
site of femoral hernia
Middle compartment contains femoral vein
Lateral, femoral artery and femoral branch
of genito-femoral nerve
Femoral nerve is outside sheath
6. Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Forms the anterior portion of the
capsule of the knee joint
The largest muscle group in the
body
Wastes rapidly if there is an
effusion, particularly the oblique
portion of the vastus medialis
7. Tendinous origin from the upper
part of the anterior inferior iliac
spine (epiphysis) and the groove
above the acetabulum
The most superficial portion of
the quadriceps
The most frequently strained
The only portion of the
quadriceps that crosses two
joints
Flexes hip, extends knee
Femoral nerve
8. Vastus medialis arises from the
lower half of the trochanteric line
The spiral line
The medial lip of the linea
aspera
The oblique (horizontal) fibres
arise from the lower portion of
the adductor magnus, helping to
stabilise the patella
Separate branch from femoral
nerve
9. Arises from the upper half of the
inter-trochanteric line
The root of the greatertrochanter
The lateral lip of the gluteal
tuberosity
The lateral lip of the linea
aspera
The oblique portion of the
muscle
arises from the iliotibial band
Separate nerve supply
Helps to stabilise the patella
Lateralis is a common site for
muscle biopsies and for
injections
10. Arises from the upper two
thirds of the anterior and
lateral aspect of the shaft
of the femur
It is the deepest portion of
the quadriceps and is a
common site (with vastus
lateralis) for myositis
ossificans, after a direct
blow to the thigh
The articularis genu is
inserted into the upper
part of the suprapatellar
bursa
11. The rectus femoris forms the most
superficial lamina of the quadriceps,
passes anterior to the patella
To form the anterior part of the
patellar ligament
The fibres of the medialis and the
lateralis decussate cross in an
X-shape and lie in a plane posterior
to the rectus femoris
Some of these fibres form the retinacular
fibres
Their oblique portions are inserted into the
sides of the patella
12. The vastus intermedius is the
most posterior lamina, forms the
main part of the patellar ligament
It is the most powerful extensor
The patellar ligament is inserted
into the smooth upper portion of
the tibial tuberosity
The quadriceps are the
extensors of the knee
Only the rectus femoris portion
arises above the hip joint, and
therefore is also a flexor of the
hip
13. Lower most fibres of vastus
medialis
Partly arise from the adductor
magnus
Straightens the pull on the
quads tendon and patella
Controls patella tracking during
flexion/extension of the knee
Fibres atrophy quickly after knee
injury (within 24 hours)
10-15 ml of effusion inhibit VMO
VMO rehabilitation strength and
timing of contraction
15. The Q-angle is the angle formed
by a line drawn from the anterior
superior iliac spine to the centre
of the patella
And a line drawn upwards from
the attachment of the patellar
ligament to the tibial tubercle
passing through this point
16. Functionally, on standing, the
normal angle is 10–15°
With the knee at 90°of flexion,
an angle of 6°is normal, while
greater than 10°is abnormal
Contraction of the quadriceps
tends to displace the patella
laterally in the femoral groove
The oblique fibres of the
vastus medialis and the bony
prominence of the lateral
femoral condyle resist this
17. In young athletes, the
patellar ligament is
stronger than the bone
Which can lead to a
traction apophysitis of the
tibial tuberosity, Osgood
Schlatter disease
Jumpers’ knee is a lesion
at the apex of the patella
and the ligament
18. Sartorius arises from anterior superior illiac
spine
Forms lateral boundary of femoral triangle
Crosses adductor longus at apex
Lies anterior to femoral artery
Posterior to adductor longus lies the
profunda artery
Knife injury at apex can injury both arteries
and the main blood supply to lower limb
Sartorius lies on roof of subsartorial canal
which contains femoral artery
19. Inserted into upper third of
medial surface of tibia
Anterior to gracillis and
semitendinosus, as part of
the pes anserinum
Separated by tibial
intertendinous bursa
Supplied by femoral nerve
20. Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Portion of adductor
Magnus
Gracilis
Supplied by obturator
Nerve L2,3,4
Act with lower
abdominals to
stabilise the pelvis
22. Tendinous origin, pubic body,
has a variable shape
Inserted into medial lip of
linea aspera
Most frequently torn at
proximal musculo-tendinous
junction, which varies
Or may tear at teno-periosteal
junction
Site of junction varies, medial or lateral,
may be longer in some
Anterior division obturator nerve
23. Origin lower portion of
body of pubis
Inferior pubic ramus
Inserted into lower half of
the pectineal line
Upper half of the linea
aspera
Deep to adductor longus
Separates two divisions
of obturator nerve
Anterior division supplies
it
24. Triangular area of ischial tuberosity
Ramus of ischium and inferior
ramus of pubis
Inserted into medial lip of gluteal
tuberosity
Lateral lip of linea aspera
Medial supracondylar line
Adductor tubercle
Hiatus for popliteal vessels
Origin of oblique fibres of vastus medialis
Post division obturator nerve
Sciatic nerve below hiatus for femoral
vessels
25. Gracilis is the weakest, most medial
and superficial of the adductors
Gracilis is the only one that crosses
the knee joint
It arises from a thin aponeurosis,
lower half of the body and the
inferior ramus of the pubis and part
of the ramus of the ischium. It is
strap like above
It ends in a rounded tendon, inserted
into the upper portion of the medial
surface of the tibia between the
sartorius and the semitendinosus
26. Gracilis is separated from
sartorius and the
semitendinosus by the tibial
intertendinous bursa (pes
anserinum)
Gracilis is usually supplied
by the anterior division of
the obturator nerve, L2, 3, 4
It adducts the hip and flexes
and medially rotates the leg
27. Inflammation of the tibial
intertendinous bursa
Must be differentiated
from injury to the lower
attachment of the medial
collateral ligament of the
knee
28. The adductors adduct
the femur and help to
stabilise and counteract
the rotation of the pelvis,
particularly during the
double support
When the anterior limb is
flexed and the posterior
limb is extended
Carlsoo, 1972
29. Common in soccer
is adductor muscle-
tendon strain.
Be aware of:
• Rectus Femoris
• Sartorius
• Rectus
Abdominus
• Pectineus
• Adductor
Magnus
• Gracilis
30. If the hip is flexed, the adductors
rotate the hip medially
When the hip is extended the
adductors can laterally rotate
They can also flex the extended
hip and extend the flexed hip
At the beginning of the swing
phase of walking they work
synergistically with the iliopsoas
At the end of the swing phase, they work
with the hamstrings, which contract to
prevent further hip flexion
31. The pectineus muscle is a short
flat muscle, which forms part of the
floor of the femoral triangle
It arises from the anterior aspect of
the superior ramus of the pubic
bone and the fascia covering it
It is inserted into the upper half of a
line drawn from the lesser
trochanter to the linea aspera and
lies posterior to the femoral sheat
It is supplied by a branch from the femoral
nerve or the accessory obturator (L2, 3)
32. The pectineus is mainly a flexor of
the thigh and a weak adductor
There may occasionally be some
fusion between the adductor
longus and brevis or with the
pectineus
Doubling of the origin of the
adductor longus or brevis may
also take place
33. Origin
Intervertebral discs, adjoining
bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae
Medial half, anterior aspect of
five lumbar transverse
processes
Fibrous arches on the sides of
the bodies of the four upper
four lumbar vertebrae, over
four lumbar arteries
Inserted into the lesser
trochanter of femur
Nerve L2,3,4
34. Minor
Origin
T12 –L1
Insertion
Arcuate line
Iliopubic eminence
35. The psoas is covered by fascia
which is attached medially to the
lumbar vertebrae
To the fibrous arches
Medially along the brim of the
pelvis to the arcuate and
pectineal lines
Laterally, the fascia is attached to
the transverse processes of the
lumbar vertebrae
Medial Arcuate Ligament is a thickening
of fascia over the Psoas
36. Flexes the hip when acting
from above
Lumbar plexus is formed
inside the substance of
psoas
A strain of the psoas
muscle may be the cause
of chronic groin pain, and
you must take care not to
mistake it for an adductor
strain
37. Psoas bursa,
between psoas
and capsule of hip
joint, may
communicate with
the synovial
membrane of the
joint
Psoas abscess will
present in the groin
38. The iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa and iliac crest
Inserted into the lateral aspect of the psoas
and into the femur below the lesser trochanter
Nerve L2,3
The iliopsoas is an active postural or stabilising
muscle of the hip which helps to prevent
hyperextension of the hip while standing
Acting from above, the iliopsoas flexes the hip
and may be either a medial or a lateral rotator;
acting from below, psoas flexes spine
39. In walking, the iliopsoas is
used to start swinging the leg
forwards
On level ground the leg moves
forwards like a pendulum to
complete the swing
Stronger contraction of the
iliopsoas is required when
running or walking up a hill
When climbing stairs, the
iliopsoas lifts the leg and
places the foot on the stair
above
40. When preparing to stand
from sitting, the iliopsoas
pulls the trunk forwards as
the femur is fixed
The trunk leans forwards
and, before standing
upright, the centre of gravity
of the trunk moves over the
feet
In sitting up from lying, the iliopsoas pulls
on the pelvis and the lower vertebrae in
order to pull the trunk up
Tyldesley & Grieve, 1989
41. Running with the legs lifted high,
helps to develop the iliopsoas
The iliopsoas is also used in the
downbeat of freestyle swimming
The iliopsoas is the main muscle
involved in straight leg sit-ups
These, however, should never be
done as they put stress on the
lumbar vertebrae and do nothing
for the abdominal muscles