The document describes the anatomy of the posterior thigh compartment and popliteal fossa. It discusses the muscles in the posterior thigh compartment including the hamstrings, as well as the contents and boundaries of the popliteal fossa. It provides details on the neurovascular structures in the posterior thigh compartment including the sciatic, tibial and common peroneal nerves, popliteal artery and vein, and genicular anastomoses.
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In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. The single bone in the thigh is called the femur.
Branches/roots from L4-L5-S1 join and become superior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to abductor muscle of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Branches/roots from L5-S1-S2 join and form inferior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to gluteus maximus, this muscle has 2 function for extension and external rotation of the hip
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Thank you
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2. What are hamstrings muscle?
What are the boundaries & contents of
popliteal fossa.
Decribe genicular anastomosis around the
knee.
Describe the major nerves &blood vessels in
the posterior thigh compartment.
7/10/2019 2
7. The back of the thigh or posterior
compartment of thigh, is also hamstring
compartment or flexor compartment of
thigh.It is separated from anterior extensor
compartment by lateral intermuscular septum
but the medial intermuscular septum is not
well defined; there is no well defined
separation from the adductor compartment.
7/10/2019 7
8. Muscles: Biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus, and a small part of the
adductor magnus
Blood Supply: Branches of the profunda
femoris artery
Nerve Supply: Sciatic Nerve
7/10/2019 8
9. Which are they?
What do they have in common?
Why the name?-Extensors of hip&flexors of
knee.
7/10/2019 9
10. All arise from ischial tuberosity
Span two joints the hip&knee>extend the hip
&flex the knee joint
Innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve
(L5S1S2)
Consists of ST,SM,BF long head &hamstring
component of adductor magnus. *NB the
short head of biceps is not part of hamstrings
as it crosses only the knee & is innervated by
fibular peroneal branch of sciatic nerve
7/10/2019 10
14. Origin: The long head from the ischial tuberosity
Short head from the linea aspera and the lateral
supracondylar ridge of the shaft of the femur
Insertion: Two heads unite just above the knee
joint and insert into the head of the fibula
Nerve Supply: Long head by the tibial part of the
sciatic, short head by the common peroneal part of
sciatic
Action:long head extends the thigh at the hip joint.
Both long and short head flex the knee
7/10/2019 14
15. Origin: From the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: By a long tendon into the upper part
of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia
together with Sa &Gr as pes anserenius or guy
ropes.
Nerve Supply: The tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Action: Flexes and extends the thigh at the hip
joint. Rotates the leg medially at the knee.
7/10/2019 15
16. Origin: From the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Into the posteromedial surface of
the medial condyle of the tibia
It sends a fibrous expansion on the back of
the knee joint called oblique popliteal
ligament
Nerve Supply: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve
Action: Flexes and medially rotates the leg
at the knee joint, extends thigh at the hip
joint
7/10/2019 16
17. It has two heads :-Hamstring part & adductor
part.Origin of hamstring part is ischial
tuberosity
Insertion: Adductor tubercle of femur
Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Action: Extends thigh at hip joint but mainly
adductor of the hip.
7/10/2019 17
18. The adductor part arises from ischial-pubic
rami. Its fibres fan out into an aponeurotic
attachment to linear aspera & medial
supracondylar ridge. It is supplied by
posterior branch of obturator nerve.
Between the adductor & hamstring part
tendon to adductor tubercle is adductor
hiatus through which the femoral vessels
from adductor canal pass through into
popliteal fossa as popliteal vessels
7/10/2019 18
19. The four perforating branches of the
profunda femoris artery provide a rich blood
supply to this compartment
The profunda femoris vein drains the greater
part of the blood from the compartment
7/10/2019 19
20. Tibial Nerve: It enters the popliteal fossa
Common Peroneal Nerve: It enters the
popliteal fossa on the lateral side of the
tibial nerve
Muscular Branches: To the long head of the
biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, the
semimembranosus, and the hamstring part
of the adductor magnus, These branches
arise from the tibial component and run
medially
7/10/2019 20
21. Popliteal fossa is a diamond/rhomboid-
shaped intermuscular space situated at the
back of the knee
It is more prominent when the knee is
flexed
For each space---Boundaries, contents,
applied anatomy
7/10/2019 21
22. Laterally: Biceps femoris above and the lateral
head of gastrocnemius and plantaris below
Medially: the semimembranosus and the
semitendinosus above and the medial head of
the gastronemius below
Superior inverted V shaped border:-
-Supero-lateral-biceps-femoris tendon.
-Supero-medial-
Semimembranous/semitendinosus.
Inferior V shaped boundary:-
-medially- medial head of gastronemius.
-lateral-lateral head ofgastronemius&plantaris
7/10/2019 22
24. The anterior wall or floor of the fossa is formed by the popliteal
surface of the femur superior border by medial&lateral
supracondylar lines, &inferiorly by soleal line of tibia.
The roof which is most posterior,is formed by skin, subcutenous
fat, and the popliteal fascia part of deep fascia of the thigh which
is pierced by the small saphenous vein to popliteal vein.The
popliteal fascia is inferiorly also continous with deep fascia of the
leg.It is taught when the knee is extended&loose when the knee
is flexed>the popliteal artery pulse&lymph nodes can easily be
palpated when the knee is flexed.Popliteal artery aneurysms with
palpable thrill&ascultatable bruit must always be R/O
in all popliteal swellings eg Baker’s cyst.The artery is often injured
in injuries around the knee eg knee dislocation&S/C#of femur.
Popliteal arterial-venous fistula do occur.
7/10/2019 24
26. The contents of the fossa:
-Knee capsule
-Popliteus&its covering fascia
-Popliteal artery&vein with small saphenous
entering to join popliteal vein.
-Tibial&common peroneal nerves main
branches of sciatic nerve.Also,posterior
cutenous nerve of thigh,medial&lateral
branches of sural nerve.
-Popliteal lymph nodes&vessels, superficial>
deep.
-
7/10/2019 26
28. Origin: From the lateral surface of the
lateral condyle of the femur by a rounded
tendon and by a few fibers from the lateral
semilunar cartilage
Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia, above
the soleal line
It arises within the capsule of the knee joint
and emerges through the lower part of the
capsule of the joint>It can be seen during
knee arthroscopy as it is intra-articular.
7/10/2019 28
29. Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve
Action: Medial rotation of the tibia on the
femur/lateral rotator of femur on tibia.
What is locking?Active knee rotation occurs only when
the knee is flexed >the flexed knee is unlocked.When
the knee is fully extended all knee ligaments are
taut>knee is locked in extension.ACL&oblique
popliteal ligaments are taut.Because the medial tibial
condyle is larger than lateral condyle,during full knee
extension,it glides forwards.
On starting flexion of the knee is unscrewed by the
actions of
Popliteus thus untwisting or unlocking the knee from
the screwing home of locked extended knee.
7/10/2019 29
30. The popliteal artery is deeply placed
It is a continuation of the femoral artery
It enters the popliteal fossa through the
adductor hiatus ,an opening in the adductor
magnus inferiorly.
It ends at the level of the lower border of the
popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and
posterior tibial arteries
7/10/2019 30
32. The popliteal vein is formed by the junction
of the venae comitantes of the anterior and
posterior tibial arteries
Forms at the lower border of the popliteus
muscle
On the medial side of the popliteal artery
It passes through the opening in the
adductor magnus to become the femoral
vein
7/10/2019 32
33. Veins that correspond to branches given off
by the popliteal artery
Small saphenous vein, perforates the deep
fascia and passes between the two heads of
the gastrocnemius muscle to end in the
popliteal vein
7/10/2019 33
34. To compensate for the narrowing of the
popliteal artery which occurs during
extreme flexion of the knee
Around the knee joint a profuse
anastomosis of small branches of the
femoral artery is present
It is joined by the muscular and articular
branches of the popliteal artery and with
branches of the anterior and posterior tibial
arteries
7/10/2019 34
38. About six lymph nodes are embedded in
the fatty connective tissue of the popliteal
fossa
They receive superficial lymph vessels from
the lateral side of the foot and popliteal
fossa
They also receive lymph from the knee joint
and from deep lymph vessels accompanying
the anterior and posterior tibial arteries7/10/2019 38
40. It is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic
nerve
It arises in the lower third of the thigh
It runs downward through the popliteal
fossa
Lying first on the lateral side of the
popliteal artery then posterior to it
It enters the posterior compartment of the
leg by passing beneath the soleus muscle
7/10/2019 40
41. Cutaneous: Usually joined by the sural
communicating branch
Muscular: Supply both heads of the
gastrocnemius and plantaris, soleus and
popliteus &deep posterior muscle group
TP,FDL &FHL.
Articular: Supply the knee joint
Ends as medial &lateral plantar nerve at tarsal
tunnel to supply the foot.
7/10/2019 41
43. It is a smaller terminal branch of the sciatic
nerve
Arises in the lower third of the thigh
Runs downward through the popliteal fossa
Leaves the fossa by crossing superficially to
the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
muscle
7/10/2019 43
45. Passes behind the head of the fibula
Winds around the neck of fibula
Pierces the peroneus longus muscle
Divides into two terminal branches: the
superficial peroneal and deep peroneal
nerves
It is subcutaneous and can be rolled against
the neck of the fibula
7/10/2019 45
46. Cutaneous: sural communicating branch, the
lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf supplies
the lateral side of the back of the leg
Muscular: supply to the short head of biceps
femoris
Articular branches to the knee joint
7/10/2019 46
