This document summarizes the anatomy of the leg. It describes that the leg is divided into four compartments - anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior. Each compartment contains specific muscles innervated by nerves like the tibial nerve and deep/superficial peroneal nerves. The anterior compartment contains muscles that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes like the tibialis anterior. The lateral compartment contains muscles that evert the foot like the peroneus longus and brevis. The posterior compartments contain plantarflexor muscles like the gastrocnemius, soleus and flexor digitorum longus that are supplied by the posterior tibial artery.

1. ANATOMY OF THE LEGBy:Dr: Mohammed Faez

2. The LegIt is the portion between the knee and the ankle.It is comprised of two long bones (tibia –medially and fibula -laterally).

3. The LegThe leg is divided into four compartmentsAnterior compartmentLateral compartment(Superficial) Posterior compartmentDeep posterior compartment

7. Anterior CompartmentAnterior compartment contains the muscles that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes.Contains Anterior Tibial NerveContains Anterior Tibial Artery.

8. Anterior CompartmentBlood supply:Anterior tibial artery.Innervation:Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.

9. Anterior CompartmentThe muscles of the compartment are:Tibialis anteriorExtensor hallucislongusExtensor digitorumlongusFibularistertius (peroneustertius)

10. Anterior CompartmentTA:Tibialis anteriorEDL: Extensor digitorumlongusEHL: Extensor hallucislongusPT:Peroneustertius

11. Anterior CompartmentTibialis anterior (TA) Origin -lateral condyle of tibia, upper half/lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membraneInsertion - medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsalNerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L4-5)Action - ankle dorsiflexion, forefoot inversion

12. Anterior CompartmentExtensor DigitorumLongus (EDL)Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, ant surface of fibula, interosseous membraneInsertion - dorsum of base of middle phalanx, dorsum of base of distal phalanxNerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)Action - extension of toes, dorsiflexion of ankle

13. Anterior CompartmentExtensor HallucisLongus (EHL) Origin - middle ½ of ant fibula, IMInsertion - distal phalanx of the great toeNerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)Action - extend the great toe, dorsiflex ankle

14. Anterior CompartmentFibularis (Peroneus) TertiusOrigin - distal 1/3 ant fibula, interosseous membrane Insertion - dorsum shaft of 5th metatarsalNerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1) Action - forefoot eversion, weak ankle dorsiflexion

15. Lateral CompartmentLateral compartment contains the muscles that Everters of the foot (turns foot outward)Contains the superficial peroneal nerve

16. Lateral CompartmentBlood supply: No major arteries in lateral compartment.Muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (Branch of posterior tibial).Nerve supply:Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

17. Lateral CompartmentMuscles:PeroneusLongusPeroneusBrevis

18. Lateral CompartmentFibularis (Peroneus) Longus (FL)Origin - head, upper 2/3 lateral surface of fibulaIts tendon courses behind lateral malleolus, underneath the fibular trochlea, and lies in the groove in the cuboid bone before going to its place of insertionInsertion - inferolateral surface of medial cuneiform , 1st metatarsal on its inferior surfaceNerve - superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)Action - forefoot eversion, ankle plantar flexion

19. Lateral CompartmentFibularis (Peroneus) Brevis (FB)Origin - lower 2/3 lateral fibulaCourses behind lateral malleolus and underneath the fibular trochleaInsertion - tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsalNerve - superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)Action - forefoot eversion, ankle plantar flexion

20. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentPosterior compartment contains the plantar flexors muscles. Contains:Short saphenous vein Peroneal communicating branch of the common peroneal nerve Medial cutaneous nerve of the calf Sural nerve

21. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentInnervation:Tibial nerve.

22. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentMuscles:GastrocnemiusPlantarisSoleus

23. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentGastrocnemiusOrigin – medial and lateral condyles of femurInsertion –Achilles tendon to calcaneumNerve -Tibial nerveAction – Plantarflexes foot; flexeslegBlood supply: The popliteal artery

24. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentPlantarisOrigin – lateral supracondylar ridge of femurInsertion – calcaneumNerve -Tibial nerveAction – Plantarflexes foot; flexesleg

25. (Superficial) Posterior compartmentSoleusOrigin – Shafts of tibia and fibulaInsertion – Achilles tendon into calcaneumNerve -Tibial nerveAction – Plantar flexor of footblood supply Peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally

26. Deep Posterior CompartmentBlood supply: The posterior tibial arteryInnervation:Tibialnerve.

27. Deep Posterior CompartmentMuscles:PopliteusFlexor digitorumlongusFlexor hallucislongusTibialis posterior

28. Deep Posterior CompartmentPopliteusOrigin - lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscusInsertion – proximal shaft of tibiaNerve -Tibial nerveAction – flex and medially rotate leg

29. Deep Posterior CompartmentFlexor digitorumlongusOrigin - shaft of tibiaInsertion - distal phalanges of toe 2-5 Nerve -Tibial nerveAction – plantarflex and invert foot, flex toe

30. Deep Posterior CompartmentFlexor hallucislongusOrigin - shaft of fibulaInsertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe.Nerve -Tibial nerveAction - plantarflex and invert foot, flex toe

31. Deep Posterior CompartmentTibialis posteriorOrigin – shafts of tibia and fibula & interosseous membraneInsertion - Major tendon insertion passes to tuberosity of navicular. Posterior tendon slips pass to calcaneus, plantar surface of all 3 cuneforms, cuboid and to base of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals.-- Nerve -Tibial nerveAction - plantarflex and invert foot

32. Pop:popliteusTP:tibialis post.PL:peroneuslongusFD: flex. dig. long.PB:peroneusbrevisFHL: flex. hall. long.

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