This document provides information on the muscles and structures of the gluteal region. It describes the deep fascia, muscles including the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus. It also discusses the tensor fascia lata, piriformis, obturator internus and externus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris muscles. Ligaments like the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous are also described. Key structures passing through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen are identified. The course and branches of the sciatic nerve are summarized.

1. Gluteal region
Dr. Rania sherif
Lecturer of Anatomy, Mansoura university

3. Deep fascia (fascia lata)
Iliotibial tract Saphenous
opening
Attachment
Sup: tubercle of iliac crest
Inf: lat condyle of tibia

5. Muscles
Gluteal ms Lat. hip rotators
Gluteus maximus Piriformis
Gluteus medius Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus &
Gluteus brevis
externus
Sup & inf gemellus
Tensor fascia lata

6. Gluteus medius
Gluteus
Piriformis minimus
Sup gemellus
Inf gemellus
Obturator
internus Quadratus
femoris

7. Middle gluteal
line
minimus
maximus
Inferior
gluteal line
Posterior
gluteal line

8. Gluteus maximum
Origin:
Back of sacrum & coccyx
Back of sacrotuberous ligament
Gluteal surface behind post
gluteal line
Insertion:
Superficial ¾ into iliotibial tract
Deep ¼ into gluteal tuberosity
NS: inferior gluteal n
Action:
Extension of hip joint
Lateral rotation of thigh
Help in extension of knee joint

9. Gluteus medius
Origin:
Gluteal surface () post & middle
gluteal lines
Insertion:
Greater trochanter (lat surface)
NS: superior gluteal n
Gluteus minimus
Origin:
() middle & inferior gluteal lines
Insertion:
Greater trochanter (ant surface)
NS: superior gluteal n
Action:
Abduction & med rotation of thigh
Prevent pelvic drop during walking

10. Superior gluteal n injury

11. Tensor fascia lata
Origin: iliac crest () ASIS &
tubercle
Insertion:
Iliotibial tract
NS: superior gluteal n
Action:
Tense iliotibial tract
Abduction & med rotation of hip

12. Piriformis muscle
Origin:
Middle 3 pieces of sacrum
(ant)
Insertion:
Upper border of greater
trochanter
NS: sacral plexus S1,2

13. Obturator externus
Origin:
Obturator membrane
(outer surface) & adjacent
bones
Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa
NS: obturator nerve

14. Obturator internus
Origin:
Obturator membrane (inner
surface)
Front & sides of pelvis
Insertion:
Medial surface of greater
trochanter
NS: N to obturator
internus

15. Superior gemellus
Origin:
Lesser sciatic notch (upper)
Insertion:
Tendon of obturator internus
NS: N to obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Origin:
Lesser sciatic notch (lower)
Insertion:
Tendon of obturator internus
NS: N to quadratus femoris

16. Quadratus femoris
Origin:
Ischeal tuberosity (lat
border)
Insertion:
Quadrate tubercle
NS: N to quadratus
femoris

17. Sacrotuberous ligament
Attachment:
PSIS, PIIS
Side & back of sacrum & coccyx
Ischeal tuberosity
Ramus of ischium
Function:
Fix sacrum in oblique direction

18. Sacrospinous ligament
Attachment:
Ischeal spine
Lat margin of sacrum &
coccyx

19. Greater sciatic foramen
Structures passing through it:
Superior gluteal vs & nerve
Piriformis ms
Inferior gluteal vs & nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Internal pudendal vs
Pudendal n
Sciatic n
Post cutaneous n of thigh
Nerve to quadratus femoris

20. Lesser sciatic foramen
Structures passing through it:
Tendon of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus
Internal pudendal vs
Pudendal n

21. Sciatic nerve
Origin:
Sacral plexus L4,5, S1,2,3
Course:
Greater sciatic foramen below
piriformis muscle
Deep to gluteus maximus
Midpoint () ischial tuberosity and
greater trochanter.
Branches:
Tibial nerve (medial popliteal)
Common peroneal nerve (lateral
popliteal)
Distribution:
Hamstring ms & adduct magnus
(ischeal part)

22. Safe Area - Intramuscular Injection