Thigh muscles
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This document summarizes the origin, insertion, nerve innervation, functions, and clinical significance of various muscles in the anterior thigh, medial thigh, posterior thigh, gluteal region, and lateral rotators. It describes over 15 muscles including their actions at the hip and knee joints. The sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and medialis all have the function of extending the leg at the knee joint. The adductor longus, brevis and magnus all adduct and medially rotate the thigh. The semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris all flex the leg at the knee joint. Damage to the gluteus maximus can cause
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Thigh muscles
- 1. Muscle Name Origin Insertion Nerve Functions(s) Clinical Significance Anterior Thigh (from medial to lateral) – EXTENSOR Sartorius ASIS Tibia– pes anserinus Femoral Flexesthigh at hip Flexeslegat knee joint Lateral borderof femoral triangle Rectus femoris(Q) ASIS Quadriceps femoris tendon Flexesthigh at hip Extendslegat knee joint Loss/weakness: difficultygettingout of chair Muscle/tendon rupture:painon use and palpable sulcus V Medialus (Q) Femur-medial part of intertrochanteric line Quadriceps femoris tendon Extendslegat knee joint V Intermedius (Q) Femur Quadriceps femoris tendon Extendslegat knee joint V Lateralis(Q) Femur-lateral part of intertrochanteric line Quadriceps femoris tendon Extendslegat knee joint TensorFascia Lata Iliaccrest Iliotibialtract Superior gluteal nerve (L4- L5) Stabilises knee in extension
- 2. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Function(s) Clinical Significance Medial Thigh (from superolateral to inferomedial) – ADDUCTOR Pectinius Pectineal line Oblique line frombase of lesser trochanter Femoral Adductsand flexeshipat thighjoint AddLongus External surface of bodyof pubis Middle one- thirdof femur Obturator Adductsand medially rotatesthigh at hipjoint AddBrevis External surface of bodyof pubis Posterior surface of proximal femur Obturator Adducts thighat hip joint AddMagnus Ischiopubic ramus Posterior surface of proximal femur Obturator/Sciatic Adductsand medially rotatesthigh at hipjoint Gracilis Body of the pubis, inferiorpubic ramus Medial surface of proximal tibia, pes anserinus Obturator Adducts thighat hip joint Flexeslegat knee joint ** Femoralartery passesthrough adductorhiatus(hole) to becomepoplitealartery
- 3. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Function(s) Clinical Significance Posterior Thigh (from medial to lateral) – FLEXOR Semimembranosus Ischial Tuberosity Medial tibial condyle Sciatic Nerve Flexeslegatknee joint Extendsthighat hipjoint Mediallyrotates thighat hip and legat knee Rupture causes painand ecchymosis Semitendinosus Ischial Tuberosity Medial surface of proximal tibia– pes anserinus Flexeslegatknee Extendsthighat hip Mediallyrotates thighat hipand legat knee Bicepsfemoris Ischial Tuberosity Headof fibula Flexeslegatknee joint Extendsand laterallyrotates thighat hip Laterallyrotates legat knee
- 5. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Function(s) Clinical Significance Gluteus G Maximus Ilium, Sacrum, ligaments Femurand IT band Inferior gluteal nerve (L5- S1) Powerfully extendsflexed femurat hip Laterallystabilises hipand knee Laterallyrotates and abductsthigh Preventstrunktipping forwardwhilstwalking Damage = lurch backward G Medius Ilium Lateral surface of greater trochanter Superior gluteal nerve (L4- L5) Abductsfemurat hip Mediallyrotates thigh Holdspelvis secure overstance leg,preventsdrop Trendelenburgsign leantounsupported side if damaged G Minimus Ilium Anterolateral surface of greater trochanter Superior gluteal nerve (L4- L5) Abductsfemurat hip Mediallyrotates thigh Holdspelvis secure overstance leg,preventsdrop
- 6. Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Function(s) Clinical Significance Lateral Rotator Piriformis Sacrum Greater trochanter L4-S2 Laterallyrotates extendedfemur at hip Abductsflexed femurat hip Splitsgreatersciatic foramenintotwo compartmentsà superiorgluteal nerve emergesabove à inferiorandsciatic emerge frombelow. Gemellus superior External ischium Medial greater trochanter Laterallyrotates extendedfemur at hip Abductsflexed femurat hip Obturator internus Medial greater trochanter Laterallyrotates extendedfemur at hip Abductsflexed femurat hip Gemellus inferior Upper aspect ischial tuberosity Medial greater trochanter Laterallyrotates extendedfemur at hip Abductsflexed femurat hip Obturator externus Obturator nerve Quadratus femoris Ischium anteriorto ischial tuberosity Intertrochan tericcrest L4-S2 Laterallyrotates femurat hipjoint