This document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It describes epithelial tissue as sheets of cells that cover surfaces and line organs. There are several types classified by cell shape and layer thickness. Connective tissue binds other tissues together and has fibers within a fluid or solid matrix. Examples include loose connective, adipose, blood and fibrous tissues. Muscle tissue contains contractile cells in skeletal, cardiac and smooth configurations. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons that transmit electrical signals through dendrites, cell bodies and axons.

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2. Tissues
 Groups of cells with common structure and function.
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ
systems

3. Categories of
Tissues

4. Epithelial Tissue
 Tightly-joined closely-packed cells.
 One side of epithelium exposed to air or internal fluid, other
side attached to a basement membrane
 Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs
and cavities.
 Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms,
and fluid loss.
 Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of
molecules.

5.  Simple Squamous
– Lining of lungs, blood vessels, urinary
 Stratified Squamous
– Protection – lining of esophagus, vagina,
mouth, skin
 Cuboidal Epithelium
– Kidney tubules
– Duct and small glands
– Surface of ovary
 Columnar Epithelium
 Elongated cells, much longer
than they are wide.
 Simple Columnar Epithelium
 Pseudo stratified ciliated
columnar epithelium Pseudostratified Ciliated
Columnar - trachea

6. Types of Epithelial
TissueCell shape
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Number of cell layers
Simple
Pseudostratified
Columnar
 Squamous epithelium is flattened cells.
 Cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped cells.
 Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells.
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

7. Types of Epithelial
Tissue
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Apical surface
Basal surface
Apical surface
Basal surface
Simple
Stratified

8. Connective
Tissue Characterized by the cells widely separated from each other
in a matrix that is produced by the cells.
 Tissue protects and supports.
 Cell Matrix composed of two regions
– Ground
• Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid
– Fibers
• Non-elastic (White or Collagen)
• Elastic (Yellow fibers)
Types of
Connective
Tissue
A. Loose (Areolar)
Connective Tissue
D. Fibrous Connective Tissue
E. Cartilage
F. Bone

10. Loose Connective
Tissue Contain fibers and fibroblasts
 Fibroblasts produce and secrete the
fibers.
 Loosely arranged in a semi fluid
substance.
 Acts as the framework for
epithelium.
 Forms a protective layer over muscle,
nerves, and blood vessels.
Elastic Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Fibroblast nuclei

11. Adipose Tissue
 Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live
cell contains lipids.
 Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge
of cell membrane.
 Adipose tissue has enlarged fibroblasts storing fats and
reduced intracellular matrix.
 Adipose tissue facilitates energy storage and insulation.

12. Blood connective
tissue Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen.
 White blood cells (leukocytes) function in the immune
system.
 Plasma transports dissolved glucose, wastes, carbon
dioxide and hormones, as well as regulating the water
balance for the blood cells.
 Platelets are cell fragments that function in blood clotting.

13. Blood vessel
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
Blood connective
tissue

14. Fibrous
Connective Tissue Many fibers of collagen occurs in
 Tendons, connect muscle to bone.
 Ligaments connect bone to bone at a joint.
 Contains elastic fibers that allow movement at joints

15. Cartilage Tissue
• Cells are called chondrocytes.
• Cells lie in small chambers called lacunae,
separated by a matrix.
• Also called hyaline cartilage.
• Hyaline Cartilage – nose, trachea, ends of bones
Chondrocytes Matrix

16. Solid connective
tissue Ground of matrix is Solid.
 Has blood supply and nerves running through the
Haversian canal systems.
 Bone has calcium salts in the matrix, giving it
greater strength.
 Bone also serves as a reservoir (or sink) for calcium.

17. Muscle Tissue
 Composed of cells that contract when stimulated
 Helps move the body and specific body parts
 Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
 Muscle fibers are multinucleated, with the nuclei located
just under the plasma membrane.
 Most of the cell is occupied by striated, thread-like
myofibrils.
Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

19. Skeletal (striated)
Muscle These cells function in conjunction with the skeletal
system for voluntary muscle movements.
 Located in muscles that attach to bones.
 Long, cylindrical cells are striated.
 Cells are bundled closely together in parallel arrays.

20. Smooth Muscle
 These cells function in involuntary movements and/or
autonomic responses (such as breathing, secretion,
ejaculation, birth, and certain reflexes).
 Spindle shaped cells that form masses.
 These fibers are components of structures in the digestive
system, reproductive tract, and blood vessels.

21. Cardiac Muscle
 A type of striated muscle found only in the heart.
 The cell has a bifurcated (or forked) shape, usually with
the nucleus near the center of the cell.
 The cells are usually connected to each other by
intercalated disks.

22. Nervous Tissue
 Dendrites receive
information from another
cell and transmit the
message to the cell body.
 The cell body contains the
nucleus, mitochondria and
other organelles typical of
eukaryotic cells.
 The axon conducts
messages away from the
cell body.

23. Flattened,
cuboidal,
columnar
Irregular or
round
Elongated
Cell
appendages
branched
Single 
multilayered
Scattered in
matrix
In sheets or
bundles
Isolated or
networked
Body covering
or lining organs
or cavities
Supports other
organs
Lining internal
organs, make
skeletal
muscles
Concentrated
in brain and
spinal cord +
all over the
body
Cilia, microvilli - - -
Basement
membrane
Varied – protein
fibers + liquid,
gelatinous, firm
to calcified
- -
Minimal Extensive Absent Absent
No direct blood
supply, except
for glands
Cartilage has
no blood supply
Can generate
electrical
signals, force
and movement
Can generate
electrical signal

24. The End
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