This document summarizes the four main types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. It describes the classification and characteristics of each tissue type. Connective tissues are further broken down into categories like loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, blood, fibrous tissue, cartilage, and bone. The document also provides detailed descriptions of tissues like areolar connective tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, neurons and neuroglia cells. In summary, it comprehensively outlines the structure and functions of the primary tissue types found in animal bodies.

1. AnimalTissues
Prepared by:
MOKWENA CATHY BUITUMELO

2. AnimalTissues
• Cells form groups to produce specialized tissues that function
together in a specific activity
• Classification:
 Epithelial tissues
 Connective tissues
 Muscular tissue
 Nervous tissues

7. Connective Tissue
Types of ConnectiveTissue
 Loose (Areolar) ConnectiveTissue
 Adipose
 Blood
 Fibrous ConnectiveTissue
 Cartilage
 Bone

9. Loose Connective Tissue
 Contain fibers and fibroblasts
 Fibroblasts produce and secrete the fibers.
 Loosely arranged in a semi fluid substance.
 Acts as the framework for epithelium.
 Forms a protective layer over muscle,
nerves, and blood vessels.
Elastic Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Fibroblast nuclei

10. Adipose Tissue
 Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids.
 Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane.
 Adipose tissue has enlarged fibroblasts storing fats and reduced
intracellular matrix.
 Adipose tissue facilitates energy storage and insulation.

11. Blood connective tissue
 Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen.
 White blood cells (leukocytes) function in the immune system.
 Plasma transports dissolved glucose, wastes, carbon dioxide and
hormones, as well as regulating the water balance for the blood cells.
 Platelets are cell fragments that function in blood clotting.

12. Blood connective tissue
Blood vessel
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

13. Fibrous Connective Tissue
 Many fibers of collagen occurs in
 Tendons, connect muscle to bone.
 Ligaments connect bone to bone at a joint.
 Contains elastic fibers that allow movement at joints

14. Muscular tissues

15. Smooth muscle
• These have long cells which have single nucleus.
• The cells of this muscle is spindle in shape.
• They are also called unstrained because we can not
control them

17. Cardiac muscle
• It is the muscle which is present in heart.
• These muscle are also called involuntary muscle.
• These muscle have cylindrical &branched muscle.

19. Skeletal (striated) Muscle
 These cells function in conjunction with the skeletal system for
voluntary muscle movements.
 Located in muscles that attach to bones.
 Long, cylindrical cells are striated.
 Cells are bundled closely together in parallel arrays.

21. Characteristics Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
Location Attached to
skeleton
Walls of internal
organs
Walls of heart
Cross-striations Present Absent Present
Shape of fibers Cylindrical Spindle-shaped Branched
Number of nuclei Many or
multinucleate
One or
uninucleate
One or
uninucleate
Position of nuclei Peripheral Center Center
Type of control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Speed of
contraction
Most rapid slowest Intermediate

22. NervousTissue

23. Nerve (close-up view)
1. Endometrium
2. Epineurium
3. Axon
4. Schwann cell
nucleus
5. Epineurium

24. 3. Axon (nerve fiber)
1. Myelin sheath
2. Neurilemma
3. Node of Ranvier
4. Schwann cell
5. Axon

25. Nervous tissues
• Neuron
• Cell body
• Processes
a. Axon
b. Dendrites

26. Nervous tissue consists of neurons, which are the cells that
conduct signals, and supporting neuroglia cells such as microglial
cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

28. Flattened,
cuboidal,
columnar
Irregular or round Elongated
Cell appendages
branched
Single 
multilayered
Scattered in
matrix
In sheets or
bundles
Isolated or
networked
Body covering or
lining organs or
cavities
Supports other
organs
Lining internal
organs, make
skeletal muscles
Concentrated in
brain and spinal
cord + all over the
body
Cilia, microvilli - - -
Basement
membrane
Varied – protein
fibers + liquid,
gelatinous, firm to
calcified
- -
Minimal Extensive Absent Absent
No direct blood
supply, except for
glands
Cartilage has no
blood supply
Can generate
electrical signals,
force and
movement
Can generate
electrical signal

29. Cartilage
• Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
• Avascular, lacking blood vessels ---- does not possess the regenerative
capacity
• contains a gelatinous ground substance called chondroitin sulphate
• Embedded within the GS are collagen & elastic fibers
• Together (chondroitin sulphate + fibers) -- flexible, yet very durable and also
resistant to compression forces
• produced by chondroblasts through the process chondrification
• Types
a. Hyaline cartilage – most common type; in fatal skeleton,
cartilaginous fishes
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage

32. Blood

35. References
Bell, A. 1999. Anatomy 503 – Human Histology
http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/histolab2.htm
General Zoology Laboratory Manual, Biology Dept., Univ. of San
Carlos
A/P Lab: A website for Human Anatomy and Physiology
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Index.htm
Ross, M., Romwell, L., and Kaye, G. 1995. Histology: AText and
Atlas.Williams andWilkins, USA.
http://www.slideshare.net/itutor/animal-tissue-
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