The document discusses the parts of an animal cell and their functions. It aims to teach students to identify and draw the major organelles of an animal cell, including the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, cell membrane, ribosomes, vesicles, and cytosol. Understanding the structure and role of each organelle is important for studying biology at a cellular level.
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Students will be able to answer the questions;
1. What is the cell theory?
2. What are the types of microscopes?
3. What are the differences between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
4. What is the cell specialization and organization?
5. How do substances pass through cells?
The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Students will be able to answer the questions;
1. What is the cell theory?
2. What are the types of microscopes?
3. What are the differences between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
4. What is the cell specialization and organization?
5. How do substances pass through cells?
THE CELL-Unlocking the Mysteries of the Cell: A Journey into the Building Blo...Nursing Mastery
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In this visually engaging presentation, we explore the fascinating realms of cell biology, unraveling the mysteries of cellular structure, function, and diversity. Discover the inner workings of cells, from the powerhouse mitochondria to the information hub of the nucleus, and delve into the dynamic processes that sustain life.
Featuring stunning visuals, insightful explanations, and intriguing facts, our presentation is designed to enlighten and inspire audiences of all backgrounds. Whether you're a seasoned biologist, a curious student, or simply intrigued by the wonders of life, join us on this immersive journey into the heart of the cell.
Unlock the secrets of life itself and gain a deeper appreciation for the remarkable complexity and beauty of the cellular world. Don't miss out on this captivating exploration of "the cell" – the foundation of all living organisms.
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Naglalarawan sa panitikan sa Panahon ng mga kastila, Binubuo ng mga sikat na mga literatura at mga kilalang tao sa Panahon ng Kastila..Mga naiambag sa atin ng mga Kastila sa ating Panitikan..
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, the students will be expected to:
i. Identify the different parts of an animal cell and know their
functions.
ii. Draw and label its parts after the discussion.
iii. Give the importance in knowing the different parts of an
animal cell.
3. 1665, Robert Hooke examined thin slices
of cork and other plant materials
contained microscopic compartments; named it cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made further observations of
the cells of plants , animals and microorganisms
Matthias Schleiden –all plants are composed cells
Theodore Schwann– all animals are composed of cells
Rudolf Virchow- proposed the cell theory
1840,Purkinje named the cell contents protoplasm
5. largest structure in the nucleus
consists of nucleolar organizers,
ribosomal RNA, and proteins
Function:
primarily serves as the site of ribosome
synthesis and assembly.
.
6. Notable structure within the cell
The genetic control centre of the cell
-chromatin(network of dark-staining
threads)
Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Function:
directs cell division
control protein synthesis
and many of the metabolic activities of
the cell
7. The border of the cell
About 8 nm thick
A semi-permeable membrane
Composed of proteins and lipids
Unit membrane Model-tripartite
arrangement of the plasma membrane
(protein-lipid-protein)
8. Fluid Mosaic model-
protein molecules penetrated into
the lipid layers and not continuous
in on the surface of lipid
9. Function:
It supports and protects the cell.
Regulates the movement of material in
and out of the cell
Facilitated diffusion- scattering of particles,
from high concentration to lower
concentration
Active transport- process resembling
facilitated diffusion in that it involves
association of molecules to be transported
with a membrane
area of low concentration to high
concentration
Pinocytosis- engulfing of particles
10. A large interconnecting membrane of
tunnels
Continuous with the nuclear envelope
Two types:
1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- network of interconnected flattened
sacs
- is studded with ribosomes
Function:
to make protein( secretory protein),
to make more membrane channelling
products both to the outside of the cell, via
the membrane
11. 2.Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
network of interconnected
tubules
lack of ribomes
Function: Synthesizing and
secreting of certain steroid
hormones, enzymes of
carbohydrate metabolism, and
enzymes of lipid synthesis.
12. Named from Camillo Golgi, n
Italian biologist and physician
A series of from 3 to 20 parallel
flattened sacs closely stacked
together, cisternae
End of the sacs bud off various
vesicles
Function: receives and modifies and
packages the substances
manufactured by ER,
13. Are spherical to rod- shaped
structures from 0.2 to 7µm; a
doubled layer membrane
Cristae( complex folding of inner
membrane)
Mobile structures, capable of
changing their shapes
“powerhouse of the cell”
Function:
produced energy in the form of
ATP
14. Produced by the rough ER and
the Golgi apparatus.
Two Greek words, “breakdown
body”
Are membrane bound, dense-
appearing structures that
contain enzymes( acid
hydrolases)
Function: acts as waste –
disposal units, digesting and
removing foreign material
“suicidal bag”
15. enclosed compartments which
are filled with water containing
inorganic and organic
molecules including enzymes
in solution
Function:
Digestion; storage of chemicals,
cell enlargement; water balance
16. Tiny spherical structure
Bodies in which the amino
acids are bound together
Site of protein synthesis
17. quite near the nucleus
Inside of it is the centriole
Centriole—
pair of small rod –like
structure
there are attached microtubules
in the wall
Function:
active in the process of cell
division( mitosis)
18. an intracellular matrix that
supports cell shape and
function
The matrix is a dynamic
structure composed of three
main proteins
Has three components:
microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments,
Actin filaments are in red,
microtubules are in green,
19. Microtubules- tiny cylindrical
elements of animal cells about 20 to 25
nm in diameter
composed of tubulins
function: provide rigidity and
shape in one area
Tracts for organelle movement within
the cell
Basis of ciliary and flagellar
movement
Microtubules in gel
fixated cell
20. Microfilaments-smaller than
microtubules ranging in
diameter from 4 to 7 nm
Solid helical rods composed of
actin
Function:providing motive
force for cell contraction
amoeboid movement, and
possibly intracellular transport
21. Protoplasm that surrounds
the nucleus
A semi-liquid substance that
composes the foundation of the cell
Within the cytoplasm are a number
of different organelles
22.
23. Biology: Concepts and Connections by Campbell, Mitchelle
and Reece
General Zoology by Storer,Usinger, Stibbens
E-biology: The Next Generation by Santos, Danac and
Ocampo
Biology for non-sience majors by Reyes et. Al
Wikipedia.org
Enchanted Learning.com
Editor's Notes
Englisman hooke, reminded the monastery,cell
Contained many partitions of many cavities
The cell as the basic unit of life
Cells are the basic units of organisms
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only
Protoplasm—used to describe the living substance of the cell, it compasses the whole array of organelles
Most living things can be divided into two. Do you know what they are?
To answer this question, look at these two pictures. Left is a picture of a plant cell and right is of an animal cell.
Nucleolar-certain chromosomes
Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human diseases
Nucleoli are made of proteins and RNA and form around specific chromosomal regions
functions like assembly of signal recognition particles playing a role in the cell's response to stress
Nuclear organizers- certain
Ince in a low power light of microscope, visible
Nuclear envelope has two memebrane
Good transmission electron microscope
Lipid- molecules that are assymetrical-electric charge hydrophilic. Uncharge hydrophobic
According to the fluid mosaic model of S. J. Singer and G. L. Nicolson (1972), which replaced the earlier model of Davson and Danielli, biological membranes can be considered as a two-dimensional liquid in which lipid and protein molecules diffuse more or less easily.[8] Although the lipid bilayers that form the basis of the membranes do indeed form two-dimensional liquids by themselves, the plasma membrane also contains a large quantity of proteins, which provide more structure. Examples of such structures are protein-protein complexes, pickets and fences formed by the actin-based cytoskeleton, and potentially lipid rafts.
Diagram of the arrangement of amphipathic lipid molecules to form a lipid bilayer. The yellow polar head groups separate the grey hydrophobic tails from the aqueous cytosolic and extracellular environments
Frreexe-etch ttechnique--
Secretory protein are– annti body, defensive molecule
Means of communicatio
Cisternae-
Receiving dock for transport vesicles
Warehouse and finishing factory
Fold contain enzymes that are used to convert food energy
The rough er puts enzymes and membranes together, then the golgi apparatus chemically refines the enzymes
A lysosome (derived from the Greek words lysis, meaning "to loosen", and soma, "body") is a membrane-bound cell organelle found in most animal cells (they are absent in red blood cells). Structurally and chemically, they are spherical vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down virtually all kinds of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and cellular debris. They are known to contain more than 50 different enzymes, which are all optimally active at an acidic environment of about pH 4.5 (about the pH of black coffee). Thus lysosomes act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting unwanted materials in the cytoplasm, both from outside of the cell and obsolete components inside the cell. For this function they are popularly referred to as "suicide bags" or "suicide sacs" of the cell.[1][2] Furthermore, lysosomes are responsible for cellular homeostasis for their involvements in secretion, plasma membrane repair, cell signalling and energy metabolism, which are related to health and diseases
Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these.[3] The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies according to the needs of the cell.
Active in the formation of cilia and are self duplicating organelles
Lacks centriole then it cannot undergo the process of cell division
9 evenly spaces
, which are capable of rapid assembly or disassembly dependent on the cell's requirements.[1
microfilaments (made of the protein actin) and microtubules (made of the protein tubulin) .[3][5] By contrast intermediate filaments, which have more than 60 different building block proteins, have been found so far only in animal cells (apart from one non-eukaryotic bacterial intermediate filament crescentin).