Animal Defense against Predators
1. Many animals use chemical defenses like toxins produced in their bodies or obtained from their diets to deter predators. Examples include poison dart frogs, fire salamanders, bombardier beetles, and horned lizards.
2. Camouflage allows animals to blend into their environments and avoid detection from predators. Techniques include cryptic coloration, resembling other objects like sticks, rocks, or seaweed. Polar bears, butterflies, and shrimp all use camouflage.
3. Some animals like turtles and hedgehogs have hard shells or spines as physical defenses. Other defenses include flying fish which can glide to escape and
This presentation includes detailed explanation of Animal communication via different examples present in nature. It includes all the different methods animals use to convey information to their species or the other animals in nature.
When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry.
The concept of mimicry was first given by H. W. Bates in 1862.
Mimicry is an important feature of organism which protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry often used as self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.
This presentation includes detailed explanation of Animal communication via different examples present in nature. It includes all the different methods animals use to convey information to their species or the other animals in nature.
When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry.
The concept of mimicry was first given by H. W. Bates in 1862.
Mimicry is an important feature of organism which protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry often used as self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.
Habitat is a fundamental niche which refers to the multidimensional space with proximate factors. Habitat provides shelter, food, protection, mates, space for breeding, feeding, resting, roosting, courtship, grooming, sleeping etc.
This PPT is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester II.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
Animal behaviour includes all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment. It is defined as a change in the activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.
Habitat is a fundamental niche which refers to the multidimensional space with proximate factors. Habitat provides shelter, food, protection, mates, space for breeding, feeding, resting, roosting, courtship, grooming, sleeping etc.
This PPT is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester II.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
Animal behaviour includes all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment. It is defined as a change in the activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
I have chosen this topic for it is highly relevant in today’s context of the need to conserve snakes.
The objective of the presentation is a simplistic overview of the essential facts about snakes so that the audience understands and appreciates the uniqueness and goodwill of snakes. This a compilation of existing literature on snakes.
It is hoped that the presentation will kindle in the minds of the audience an interest to know more about snakes and an urge to desist from torturing them
This presentation gives a detailed insight into spiders, including what they are, how they live, how they hunt, how they defend themselves etc. Please do enjoy!
snake poisoning with variety of snakes and identification features, conservative treatment.Antitoxin treatment with a note on the drugs used to treat antitoxin reactions, Venom composition and venom classification, types of snakes and features. snake bite treatment at different levels of healthcare systems in India.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 1. Chemical Defense
There are two main ways animals can use
chemicals to defend themselves.
Animals can synthesize toxin using their
own metabolic processes, or they can
accumulate toxin from the food they eat.
4. 1. Chemical Defense
In another
example, the
fire salamander
makes a nerve
poison, which it
can squirt from
glands on its
back.
5. 1. Chemical Defense
The
bombardier beetle
may look innocent
enough, but it is
famous for being able
to spray boiling hot
and chemically toxic
bodily fluids in the
direction of any
would-be predator.
6. 1. Chemical Defense
potato beetle
babies (larvae)
cover
themselves in
their own poop
to avoid being
eaten
7. 1. Chemical Defense
The horned lizard
doesn’t use its horns to
defend itself, as you
might expect. Rather,
when attacked, it
pressures its own sinus
cavities until the blood
vessels in its eyes burst,
and it sprays its
attacker with blood
from its eyes.
8. 1. Chemical Defense
Skunks amazing musk can
be smelled miles away, their
vision is exceptionally weak,
and most skunks can only
see about 10 feet in front
of them. As a result, many
are run over – half of all
skunk deaths, in fact, are
due to humans. The skunk’s
anal musk is so powerful
that if sprayed directly,
the victim will experience
temporary blindness.
9. 2. Camouflage
Animals that camouflage
themselves pretend to
be something they are
not. Either their
coloration, marking
patterns, or entire body
resembles something else
in their environment,
here a leaf, an owl.
10. 2. Camouflage
Here an aptly named
walking stick
pretends to be a
twig, in an attempt
to avoid being seen
by a bird or other
predator. This is
an example of
cryptic coloration.
Photo courtesy of Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles, Cal. Acad. of Sciences.
11. 2. Camouflage
Other bears and human
poachers are the biggest
threats to the majestic
polar bear, but by
blending into the
blindingly white snow of
the Arctic with equally
white fur coats, some
danger can be avoided.
Only a polar bear's nose
and foot pads are
without fur.
12. 2. Camouflage
If you're ever swimming in the
shallow waters off Australia or
New Guinea, look for the ornate
wobbegong -- though you
probably won't be able to see
it! This shark's body flattens
out on the seafloor where its
spots and blotchy lines resemble
rock and coral. Wobbegongs
take camouflage a step further
with a little "beard" under their
chins that looks like seaweed.
13. 2. Camouflage
In this picture, a four-
eyed butterfly fish uses
deceptive markings.
The large spot near the
tail resembles an eye.
When predators attack
the wrong end, the
butterfly fish can swim
away in the other
direction!
14. 2. Camouflage
Some predators also depend on camouflage, but
this time it is in order to avoid being seen by their
prey.
Here, a frogfish resembles
a sponge. Small fish
swimming nearby will be
engulfed in the frogfish’s
enormous mouth!
15. 2. Camouflage
Can you find the
small shrimp hiding
among the stinging
tentacles of a sea
anemone
16. 2. Camouflage
Contrary to popular
belief, chameleons only
change color when in
imminent danger. Their
everyday skin color, a
light khaki, keeps them
hidden from enemies
during those not-so-
dangerous times.
17. 2. Camouflage
Whether their coats are
spotted or black these
elegant and deadly cats
are born with
fashionable camouflage.
Rabbits, young buffalo,
and monkeys don't stand
a chance when a hidden
leopard makes a surprise
attack.
19. 3. Actual Weapons
The simple defense
system of turtles is
its shell. It’s so
effective as a
protector for the
turtles. Predators
cannot penetrate it,
and killer whales and
large sharks are the
only ones that are
brave enough to
attack turtles.
20. 3. Actual Weapons
Hedgehogs have spikes
that are enough to deter
predators. However, it
can also inflict a nasty
prick on its own babies
that’s why hedgehogs
have soft undersides
where its babies can
safely suckle.
21. 3. Actual Weapons
Flying fish can
leap up to a
meter clear of
the waves and
glide through the
air at speeds of
15 km/h on their
outstretched,
rigid fins, leaving
their pursuer
behind.
22. 3. Actual Weapons
Pufferfishes have the ability
to inflate themselves into a
balloon shape by swallowing
water. Their bodies are also
covered with thorny spikes,
which stand out on inflation,
providing a formidable defence
against attack. The organs
and fluids of pufferfishes are
also highly poisonous to
humans, if consumed, a small
amount can kill a person.
23. 3. Mimicry
In mimicry, an organism (the mimic) closely
resembles another organism (the model) in
order to deceive a third, (the operator). The
model and the mimic are not always closely
related, but both usually live in the same area.
This is similar to camouflage, but in mimicry
the model is generally a similar organism rather
than a static part of the background
environment.
24. 3. Mimicry
There are several types of mimicry.
The two most common types are
Batesian mimicry and
Mullerian mimicry.
25. 3. Mimicry
Batesian mimicry occurs when an edible mimic resembles an
unpalatable or poisonous model. In this type of mimicry,
only the mimic benefits.
An example of Batesian
mimicry is the scarlet king
snake, a non-poisonous
mimic of the extremely
venemous coral snake.
Above: scarlet king snake
Right: coral snake
John H. Tashjian
Photo courtesy of John H. Tashjian,
Cal. Acad. of Sciences.
26. 3. Mimicry
Another example of
Batesian mimicry is
the locust borer.
This insect not only
looks like a bee or
wasp, it sounds like
one, too!
27. 3. Mimicry
By contrast, Mullerian mimicry occurs
when two (or more) distasteful or
poisonous organisms resemble each other.
Both species benefit because a predator
who learns to avoid one species will most
likely avoid the other, too.
28. 3. Mimicry
The two invertebrates on the left are different
species
of sea slugs, while the one on the right is a marine
flatworm. All three secrete noxious substances and
are unpalatable. Notice their similar aposematic
coloring.