two types of mimicry are discussed here that are batesian and mullerian mimicry. these types are well adapted in animal for their survival in environment.
When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry.
The concept of mimicry was first given by H. W. Bates in 1862.
Mimicry is an important feature of organism which protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry often used as self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.
TO FOLLOW THESE SLIDES you will learn about the adaptive radiations involve in evolution .
yo will learn about the parallel adaptations and its types
speciation role in the evolution
factors
key innvations
to imrove the article involving examples
Founder events
Adaptive plasticity
process of adaptive radiation
Factors promote adaptive radiations
Factors underlying adaptive radiations
defined by 0.S OSBORN
ecological space
geological
climatological
Islands
examplrs: 1.Darwin Finches 2.Cichlid fish genome -adaptive evolution, Stanford scientists
3.Anolis Lizards
Factors promote adaptive radiations
1.Generally speaking, adaptive radiations occur when new, unoccupied ecological niches become accessible to a founder population.
This can happen after a mass extinction during which the previous occupiers of those niches died out.
t can also happen when a colonizing species arrives at an island. (For instance the ancestor of the honeycreepers in Hawaii, or of Darwin's "finches" in the Galapagos)
Honey creeper
Change feeding habitat
At least 56 species of Hawaiian honeycreepers known to have existed, although all but 18 of them are now extinct.
Lack of competition. When a species enters an adaptive zone, it is poorly equipped to compete with species that have become adapted to the same niche.
For example, mudskippers are fish that are making a living on land, but they are marine fish and they don't have to compete against frogs and salamanders, which are restricted to fresh water. That is why we don't see freshwater mudskippers.
process of adaptive radiation
Ecological Release Colonization of species.
Taxon cycle
Habitat varying as population expand- species dispersal.
Adaptive plasticity Phenotypic plasticity(behavior change)
Property of an individual or genotype that may be adaptive, maladaptive or neutral with regard to an individual's fitness.
The particular way an individual's (or genotype's) phenotype varies across environments can be described as a reaction norm (Single genotype-phenotypic expression)
Speciation in adaptive radiation Founder events
Habitat is a fundamental niche which refers to the multidimensional space with proximate factors. Habitat provides shelter, food, protection, mates, space for breeding, feeding, resting, roosting, courtship, grooming, sleeping etc.
two types of mimicry are discussed here that are batesian and mullerian mimicry. these types are well adapted in animal for their survival in environment.
When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry.
The concept of mimicry was first given by H. W. Bates in 1862.
Mimicry is an important feature of organism which protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry often used as self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.
TO FOLLOW THESE SLIDES you will learn about the adaptive radiations involve in evolution .
yo will learn about the parallel adaptations and its types
speciation role in the evolution
factors
key innvations
to imrove the article involving examples
Founder events
Adaptive plasticity
process of adaptive radiation
Factors promote adaptive radiations
Factors underlying adaptive radiations
defined by 0.S OSBORN
ecological space
geological
climatological
Islands
examplrs: 1.Darwin Finches 2.Cichlid fish genome -adaptive evolution, Stanford scientists
3.Anolis Lizards
Factors promote adaptive radiations
1.Generally speaking, adaptive radiations occur when new, unoccupied ecological niches become accessible to a founder population.
This can happen after a mass extinction during which the previous occupiers of those niches died out.
t can also happen when a colonizing species arrives at an island. (For instance the ancestor of the honeycreepers in Hawaii, or of Darwin's "finches" in the Galapagos)
Honey creeper
Change feeding habitat
At least 56 species of Hawaiian honeycreepers known to have existed, although all but 18 of them are now extinct.
Lack of competition. When a species enters an adaptive zone, it is poorly equipped to compete with species that have become adapted to the same niche.
For example, mudskippers are fish that are making a living on land, but they are marine fish and they don't have to compete against frogs and salamanders, which are restricted to fresh water. That is why we don't see freshwater mudskippers.
process of adaptive radiation
Ecological Release Colonization of species.
Taxon cycle
Habitat varying as population expand- species dispersal.
Adaptive plasticity Phenotypic plasticity(behavior change)
Property of an individual or genotype that may be adaptive, maladaptive or neutral with regard to an individual's fitness.
The particular way an individual's (or genotype's) phenotype varies across environments can be described as a reaction norm (Single genotype-phenotypic expression)
Speciation in adaptive radiation Founder events
Habitat is a fundamental niche which refers to the multidimensional space with proximate factors. Habitat provides shelter, food, protection, mates, space for breeding, feeding, resting, roosting, courtship, grooming, sleeping etc.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Food selection depends on the energy strategy of the feeder. The food size, quantity and quality varies with species to species and also depends on the ability of feeder, its body size etc.
Feeders are either specialists or opportunists. Food selection depends on competitive principle, learned aversion and food energy budget.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Food selection depends on the energy strategy of the feeder. The food size, quantity and quality varies with species to species and also depends on the ability of feeder, its body size etc.
Feeders are either specialists or opportunists. Food selection depends on competitive principle, learned aversion and food energy budget.
This PowerPoint was one very small part of my Ecology Interactions Unit from the website http://sciencepowerpoint.com/index.html .This unit includes a 3 part 2000+ Slide PowerPoint loaded with activities, project ideas, critical class notes (red slides), review opportunities, challenge questions with answers, 3 PowerPoint review games (125 slides each) and much more. A bundled homework package and detailed unit notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow.
Areas of Focus within The Ecology Interactions Unit: Levels of Biological Organization (Ecology), Parts of the Biosphere, Habitat, Ecological Niche, Types of Competition, Competitive Exclusion Theory, Animal Interactions, Food Webs, Predator Prey Relationships, Camouflage, Population Sampling, Abundance, Relative Abundance, Diversity, Mimicry, Batesian Mimicry, Mullerian Mimicry, Symbiosis, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Plant and Animal Interactions, Coevolution, Animal Strategies to Eat Plants, Plant Defense Mechanisms, Exotic Species, Impacts of Invasive Exotic Species.
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thank you again and best wishes.
Sincerely,
Ryan Murphy M.Ed
www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Render military forces less detectable to enemy forces
Gives a unique effect to the personnel or equipment by making them appear as a part of the natural surroundings
Variation cannot be tolerated therefore most of the manufacturers are buying large single lots of polyester, cotton from one field
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Animal Mimicry Examples – Mocomi.com
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Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
4. • One way or another, many animals must avoid being
eaten by predators.
• Some animals are bad tasting or dangerous &
predators learn to recognize them by their bright color
patterns & leave them alone.
• Animals which are good tasting & cannot defend
themselves directly must resort to other ways to avoid
being eaten.
• One way is to look like animal which is bad tasting or
dangerous; the predator learns to avoid all those
animals that look like noxious ones.
fatima khan 4
5. • Mimicry refers to the similarities between species.
• Mimicry is a form of symbiosis where a species may
mimic the colors, patterns, or even behavior of another
species for one of two reasons.
1) either to be able to get closer to unsuspecting prey.
2) in the case of a harmless species to gain protection
by imitating a predator or poisonous species.
fatima khan 5
6. • Mostly in mimetic relationships the advantage is one
sided, i.e. one species (the mimic) gaining
advantage from a resemblance to the other (the
model).
• Comparing mimicry with camouflage or deceptive
behavior, protection by mimicry is the most effective.
• The mimicking species does not have to change its
behavior or stay against a safe background to
disguise itself.
fatima khan 6
8. • There are several describe form of mimicry utilized by
both predator & prey;
i. Batesian mimicry
ii. Mullerian mimicry
iii. Wasmannian mimicry
iv. Peckhamian mimicry
v. Self-mimicry
fatima khan 8
9. • Batesian mimicry is a type of mimicry in which
palatable animal mimics the bad-tasting or noxious
prey enough so that predators may not distinguish
b/w them.
• After several attempts of distasteful encounters
predators learn to avoid such appearance.
• It is called Batesian mimicry in honor of English
naturalist Henry.W.Bates who published an
explanation of this mimicry in 1862.
fatima khan 9
11. fatima khan 11
The mimic octopus
“Thaumoctopus mimicus”
has ability to mimic almost all
aquatic creatures in order to
avoid predation.
12. • Mullerian mimicry is a form of protective mimicry in
which two or more distasteful or harmful species,
especially of insects, closely resemble each other and
are therefore avoided equally by all their natural
predators. [After Fritz (Johann Friedrich Theodor)
Müller (1821-1897), German-born Brazilian zoologist.]
fatima khan 12
13. • The initial learning experience of the predator often
results in death or damage to the inedible individual
that provided the lesson; there is thus some cost to
the species that teaches the predator of its
inedibility.
• There is little or no inherited recognition by certain
predators.
fatima khan 13
14. Subspecies of
Heliconius erato
(left-hand column) and of
H. melpomene on the right.
Both species are toxic and
form a local mimicry ring
from a different area of
Ecuador or northern Peru.
fatima khan 14
15. Unpalatable caterpillors of St.
Jacobbutterfly mimic stinging wasps
and venomous coral snakes
fatima khan 15
16. • Wasmannian mimicry is a mimicry in which the
mimic resembles its host in order to live within the
same nest or structure.
• For example, several jumping spiders closely
resemble ants.
• This works well in order to get "lost in the crowd"
and thus avoid predators.
fatima khan 16
19. • Also known as “ AGGRESSIVE MIMICRY” in which
predator mimics its prey in order to catch it.
• Bolas spiders are type of aggressive mimic.
• They produce chemicals that mimic the
sex pheromones of particular moth species.
• When male moths approach what they perceive to
be a female in order to mate with her, they are
caught by the bolus spider and become prey.
fatima khan 19
22. • Self mimicry is a mimicry in which species have one
body part that mimics another to increase survival
during an attack or helps predators appear
innocuous to allow the prey extra seconds to
escape.
fatima khan 22
23. • Some insects have the
markings on their tails.
• Those markings effectively
making the insects appear to
be something that is facing
the opposite direction.
• A confused predator, when
striking at the mimic, most
likely comes up with nothing
more than a piece of wing and
the insects get a chance to
escape.
23
24. • There are butterflies that have what look like
antennae on the rear of the wings. If birds peck
at the rear edge of wings, the head is protected
and the butterfly has more time to get
away. The second picture shows a butterfly
with bite marks on its hind wings. These
aren't side effects from a HCA supplement
,either.
fatima khan 24
• Planthopper rests on tree trunk heading
downwards. When moves, it moves
backwards. Together with the eye-patterns
on it forewing tips, it gives the impression of
its tail is its head. This orient predators to a
less vulnerable part of the body.