The document discusses the concept of mimicry in animals, outlining different types such as Batesian, Müllerian, Wasmannian, Peckhamian, and self-mimicry, which help creatures avoid predation. Mimicry allows palatable species to mimic noxious ones for protection, while others, like the mimic octopus, imitate various creatures to evade predators. The text also highlights how different species evolve to offer the advantage of resemblance, impacting predator-prey dynamics.

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2. Topic:-
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3. 1) Introduction.
2) Mimicry.
3) Types of mimicry
• Batesian mimicry
• Mullerian mimicry
• Wasmannian mimicry
• Peckhamian mimicry
• Self-mimicry
4) Animations
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4. • One way or another, many animals must avoid being
eaten by predators.
• Some animals are bad tasting or dangerous &
predators learn to recognize them by their bright color
patterns & leave them alone.
• Animals which are good tasting & cannot defend
themselves directly must resort to other ways to avoid
being eaten.
• One way is to look like animal which is bad tasting or
dangerous; the predator learns to avoid all those
animals that look like noxious ones.
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5. • Mimicry refers to the similarities between species.
• Mimicry is a form of symbiosis where a species may
mimic the colors, patterns, or even behavior of another
species for one of two reasons.
1) either to be able to get closer to unsuspecting prey.
2) in the case of a harmless species to gain protection
by imitating a predator or poisonous species.
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6. • Mostly in mimetic relationships the advantage is one
sided, i.e. one species (the mimic) gaining
advantage from a resemblance to the other (the
model).
• Comparing mimicry with camouflage or deceptive
behavior, protection by mimicry is the most effective.
• The mimicking species does not have to change its
behavior or stay against a safe background to
disguise itself.
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8. • There are several describe form of mimicry utilized by
both predator & prey;
i. Batesian mimicry
ii. Mullerian mimicry
iii. Wasmannian mimicry
iv. Peckhamian mimicry
v. Self-mimicry
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9. • Batesian mimicry is a type of mimicry in which
palatable animal mimics the bad-tasting or noxious
prey enough so that predators may not distinguish
b/w them.
• After several attempts of distasteful encounters
predators learn to avoid such appearance.
• It is called Batesian mimicry in honor of English
naturalist Henry.W.Bates who published an
explanation of this mimicry in 1862.
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The mimic octopus
“Thaumoctopus mimicus”
has ability to mimic almost all
aquatic creatures in order to
avoid predation.

12. • Mullerian mimicry is a form of protective mimicry in
which two or more distasteful or harmful species,
especially of insects, closely resemble each other and
are therefore avoided equally by all their natural
predators. [After Fritz (Johann Friedrich Theodor)
Müller (1821-1897), German-born Brazilian zoologist.]
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13. • The initial learning experience of the predator often
results in death or damage to the inedible individual
that provided the lesson; there is thus some cost to
the species that teaches the predator of its
inedibility.
• There is little or no inherited recognition by certain
predators.
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14. Subspecies of
Heliconius erato
(left-hand column) and of
H. melpomene on the right.
Both species are toxic and
form a local mimicry ring
from a different area of
Ecuador or northern Peru.
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15. Unpalatable caterpillors of St.
Jacobbutterfly mimic stinging wasps
and venomous coral snakes
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16. • Wasmannian mimicry is a mimicry in which the
mimic resembles its host in order to live within the
same nest or structure.
• For example, several jumping spiders closely
resemble ants.
• This works well in order to get "lost in the crowd"
and thus avoid predators.
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19. • Also known as “ AGGRESSIVE MIMICRY” in which
predator mimics its prey in order to catch it.
• Bolas spiders are type of aggressive mimic.
• They produce chemicals that mimic the
sex pheromones of particular moth species.
• When male moths approach what they perceive to
be a female in order to mate with her, they are
caught by the bolus spider and become prey.
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21. Anglar fish (Antenarius sp.)
displays a lure resembling a
small fish
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22. • Self mimicry is a mimicry in which species have one
body part that mimics another to increase survival
during an attack or helps predators appear
innocuous to allow the prey extra seconds to
escape.
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23. • Some insects have the
markings on their tails.
• Those markings effectively
making the insects appear to
be something that is facing
the opposite direction.
• A confused predator, when
striking at the mimic, most
likely comes up with nothing
more than a piece of wing and
the insects get a chance to
escape.
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24. • There are butterflies that have what look like
antennae on the rear of the wings. If birds peck
at the rear edge of wings, the head is protected
and the butterfly has more time to get
away. The second picture shows a butterfly
with bite marks on its hind wings. These
aren't side effects from a HCA supplement
,either.
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• Planthopper rests on tree trunk heading
downwards. When moves, it moves
backwards. Together with the eye-patterns
on it forewing tips, it gives the impression of
its tail is its head. This orient predators to a
less vulnerable part of the body.

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