The document discusses the anatomy of the perineum region in males and females. It describes key structures like the urogenital triangle, anal triangle, levator ani muscle, pelvic fascia, perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches, urogenital diaphragm, and perineal body. It provides details on the layers of fascia in the region, contents of the pouches, functions of the perineal body, and injuries that can occur like lacerations or episiotomies. The document is authored by Dr. Mohamed El fiky, Professor of anatomy and embryology.

1. Perineum
Dr. Mohamed El fiky
Professor of anatomy and embryology

2. Perineum
Dr. Mohamed El fiky
Professor of anatomy and embryology

3. Symphysis pubis
Tip of sacrum
Ischial tubersity Ischial tubersity
Urogenital Triangle
Anal Triangle
Anal Canal Ischio-rectal fossa Mohamed el fiky
Urogenital
triangle
Anal
triangle

4. Levator ani
Anal triangle Urogenital triangle
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5. Tip of sacrum
Ischial tubersity Ischial tubersity
Pelvic fascia
Perineal membraneDeep membranous layer
Urogenital Triangle
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6. Pelvic Fascia
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
The deep or membranous
(Colles’ fascia)
Deep perineal pouch
Superficial fascia has two layers
• The superficial or fatty layer
• The deep or membranous layer (superficial fascia of
perineum or Colles’ fascia)
Anteriorly－ it is continuous with:
• Dartos of the scrotum
• Fascia of the penis
• Membranous layer of superficial fascia of the
abdominal wall known as the fascia of Scarpa
Deep fascia has two layers
• Pelvic fascia : line the levator ani muscle : Superior fascia
of urogenital diaphragm ( external urethral sphincter&
deep transverse perni muscle)
• Perineal membrane : attached to pelvic ourtlet Inferior
fascia of urogenital diaphragm ( external urethral
sphincter& deep transverse perni muscle)
Perineal body
Urogenital region
Mohamed el fiky

7. Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
Uterus
Vagina
Rectum
Superficial
Fatty Layer
Deep
Membranous Layer
Fusion of The Deep membranous Layer
with The Posterior Margin of Perineal Membrane
RectusAbdominis
Perineal Body
Perineal
Membrane
Pelvic Fascia
Pelvic Fascia
Superficial
Deep
The Superficial Perineal Pouch
The Deep Perineal Pouch
The Superficial Perineal Pouch
is
Continuous Anteriorly with
The Anterior Abdominal Wall
Perineal Ligament
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8. Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
(Pelvic fascia)
Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
(Perineal Membrane)
superficial fascia of perineum
(colles’ fascia)
Deep perineal space
Superficial perineal space
Bucks Fascia of the penis
Fascia of Scarpa
Dartos of the scrotum
Superficial fascia
Colles’ fascia
Perineal membrane
Pelvic fascia
Superficial pouch
Deep pouch
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9. Superficial perineal space(Pouch)
Boundaries
• Lies between inferior fascia of urogenital
diaphragm and superficial fascia of perineum
• Anteriorly open and posteriorly closed by
fused perineal membrane with colles’ fascia
• Space open anteriorly (In rupture of
cavernous part of urethra, urine can
extravasate from scrotum upward in front of
symphysis pubis into anterior abdominal wall
deep to membranous fascia of Scarpa) Mohamed el fiky

10. MALE FEMALE
1- Bulb of penis .
2- Crura of penis
3- Superficial perineal muscles.
a- Bulbospongiosus muscle .
b- Ischiocavernosus muscle
c- Transverse perineal muscle .
4- Artery of bulb
5- Perineal artery and its branches :
a- Posterior scrotal vessels
b- Transverse perineal vessels
6- Posterior scrotal nerves
1- Bulb of vestibule
2- Crura of clitoris
3- Superficial perineal muscles :
a- Bulbospongiosus muscle .
b- Ischiocavernsus muscle
c- Transverse perineal muscle .
4- Artery of bulb .
5- Perineal artery and its branches :
a- Posterior labial vessels
b- Transverse perineal vessels
6- Posterior labial nerves .
7- Greater vestibular glands.
Contents of superficial perineal pouch:
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11. Mohamed el fiky
Crura of The Penis
Corpus Spongiosum
Corpus Cavernosum
1- The root of penis
Bulb of The Penis
Corpus Cavernosum
Corpus Spongiosum

12. Bulb of The Penis
Crura of The Penis
Corpus Spongiosum
Corpus Cavernosum
Glans of Penis
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Bulbospongiosus
Muscle
Ischiocavernosus
Muscle
1- Superficial Transverse Perinei
2- Muscles

13. Mohamed el fiky
Crus of clitoris
Opening of vagina
Opening of urethra

14. Structures Piercing The Bulb of Penis
1- Urethra
2- Duct
of
Bulbourethral
Gland
3- Artery of The Bulb
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15. 4- Scrotal Arteries
2- Dorsal artery of penis
3- Deep artery of penis
1- Internal Pudendal Artery
1- Superficial
Dorsal Vein of Penis
2- Deep
Dorsal Vein of Penis
3- Vessels
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16. Dorsal Nerve of Penis
Pudendal Nerve
Posterior Scrotal Nerves
Inferior Rectal Nerve
Perineal Nerve
4- Nerves
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17. Duct of Bulbourethral Gland Bartholin Gland
5- Glands
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18. Urethra
Urethra Vagina
6- Organs
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19. 1- Urethra
2- Artery of The Bulb
3- Internal
Pudendal Artery
4- Dorsal Nerve of Penis
5- Bulbourethra Duct
Perineal Nerve
Perineal Membrane
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4-Deep Dorsal Vein of Penis

20. it is a strong triangular fibrous membrane filling the space between the pubic arches.
Attachments:
On each side it is attached to the pubic arch
Its past. border (base) fuses with the pelvic fascia & colle’s fascia
Its ant. border or apex is thickened to form the transverse perineal lig. The transverse perineal lig. is separated
from the lower border of symphysis pubic by a gap which transmits the deep dorsal v.of penis to reach the
prostatic plexus of veins
Perineal Membrane
Structures piercing the perineal membrane: Mohamed el fiky
nervev

21. Perineal Body
Perineal body, also known as the central tendon of perineum, is
a pyramidal fibromuscular mass situated in the middle of the
junction of urogenital triangle and anal triangle. The location of
perineal body is different in males and females. In males, it is
found between the bulb of the penis and the anus, while in
females, it is found between the vagina and the anus.
Function:
Perineal body is essential for the integrity of the pelvic floor, especially
in females. It provides attachment to the following muscles:
•External anal sphincter muscle
•Bulbospongiosus muscle
•Superficial transverse perineal muscle
•Levator ani muscle (anterior fibers)
•External urinary sphincter
•Deep transverse perineal muscle
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22. Deep perineal space (Pouch)
• Lies between superior and inferior fascia of
urogenital diaphragm (pelvic fasica and
perineal membrane )
• Contents
• Membranous urethra(male),urethra and
vagina(female)
• Deep transverse perineal muscle,
sphincter urethrae
• Bulbourethral gland (male)
• Branches of intenal pudendal
vessels(artery of penis)
• Branches of pudendal nerve(dorsal
nerve of penis)
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23. Urogenital diaphragm
• Urogenital diaphragm is the triangular musculo-fascial diaphragm that is present in the anterior part of the perineum.
It is formed by the sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscles and fills the gap of the pubic arch. The
muscles forming the urogenital diaphragm are enclosed between a superior and an inferior layer of fascia. The
inferior layer is commonly known as the perineal membrane.
• The two layers of fascia covering the urogenital diaphragm fuse anteriorly, leaving a small gap beneath the symphysis
pubis. Posteriorly, the two layers of the fascia fuse with each other and with the membranous layer of the superficial
fascia and perineal body. Towards the lateral sides, both layers of fascia are attached to the pubic arch.
• The closed space contained between the superficial and deep layers of fascia, towards the lateral side, is known as
deep perineal pouch.
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24. Mohamed el fiky

25. Mohamed el fiky

26. Perineal Body
(Central tendon of the perineum)
Perineal Body
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29. Mohamed el fiky

30. Lacerations of Perineal Body
Perineal Body
(Central tendon of the perineum)
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31. Episiotomy
An episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum that is made both to prevent tearing of
perineum and to release pressure on the fetal head with birth
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32. Pudendal nerve block
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