The reproductive organs in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth anddevelopment of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world. the organs are broadly divided into:• External genitalia • Internal genitalia 

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Presenteded BY DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLE

2. INTRODUCTION
• The reproductive organs in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth and
development of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world. the organs are broadly divided into:
• EXTERNAL GENITALIA • INTERNAL GENITALIA

3. EXTERNAL GENITALIA
(SYN: VULVA, PUDENDUM)
• the external genital organs include the mons pubis,
labia majora, labia minora, bartholin glands, and
clitoris. the area containing these organs is called
the vulva. THESE ARE ALL VISIBLE ON EXTERNAL
EXAMINATION
the external genital organs have three main functions:
• enabling sperm to enter the body
• protecting the internal genital organs from
infectious organisms
• providing sexual pleasure
The mons pubis this covers the pubic bone.
During puberty, it becomes covered with hair. The mons
pubis contains oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands that
release substances that are involved in sexual attraction
(pheromones).

4. CONTN….
LABIA
– rich in nerve endings and blood vessels
– protects internal organs against pathogens
– functions in sexual arousal
There are 2 type of labia:
1. labia majora (literally, large lips) this enclose and protect the other external genital organs. They are comparable to the scrotum
in males. contains sweat and sebaceous glands, which produce lubricating secretions. During puberty, hair appears on the labia
majora.
2. labia minora (literally, small lips) lie just inside the labia majora and surround the openings to the vagina and
urethra.its lower portion known as fourchette( usually lacerated during childbirth).doesn’t contain no hair follicles or
sweat glands.
During sexual stimulation, its blood vessels become engorged with blood, causing the labia minora to swell and become
more sensitive to stimulation.

5. CLITORIS
• CLITORIS: it is a small cylindrical erectile body,
measuring about 1.5–2 cm situated in the most
anterior
part of the vulva. IT’S RICH VASCULAR, HIGHLY
SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE, TOUCH, AND PRESSURE
SENSATION
it consists of a glans, a body and two crura. the
clitoris consists of two cylindrical corpora cavernosa
(erectile tissue). the glans is covered by squamous
epithelium and is richly supplied with nerves.
the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can
become erect.
the vessels of the clitoris are connected with the
vestibular bulb and are liable to be injured during
childbirth.

6. THE VESTIBULE
• the vestibule is a triangular space
bounded anteriorly by the clitoris,
posteriorly by the fourchette and on
either side by labia minora.
THERE ARE FOUR OPENINGS INTO THE
VESTIBULE:
1.urethral opening,
2.vaginal opening
3.opening of bartholin’s ducts
4.skene’s glands

7. • urethral opening: the opening is situated in the midline just in front of the vaginal orifice about 1–1.5
cm below the pubic arch. the paraurethral ducts open either on the posterior wall of the urethral orifice
or directly into the vestibule.
• the vaginal opening is the entryway for the penis during sexual intercourse and the exit for blood
during menstruation and for the baby during birth.
• opening of bartholin’s ducts: there are two bartholin glands (greater vestibular gland), one on each
side. during sexual excitement, it secretes abundant alkaline mucus which helps in lubrication.
bartholin’s glands are homologous to the bulb of the penis in male.
• skene’s glands are the largest paraurethral glands. skene’s glands are homologous to the prostate in the
male. the two skene’s ducts may open in the vestibule on either side of the external urethral meatus.
CONTN….

8. BLOOD SUPPLY
• ARTERIES – branch of internal pudendal artery
– branch of femoral artery
• VEINS – internal pudendal vein
– vesicle or vaginal venous plexus
– long saphenous vein
superficial inguinal nodes
intermediate groups of inguinal lymph
nodes
external and internal iliac lymph nodes
LYMPHATIC
DRAINAGE
NERVE SUPPLY
The supply is through bilateral spinal somatic nerves:
Anterosuperior part is supplied by the cutaneous
branches from the ilioinguinal and genital branch of
genitofemoral nerve and the Posteroinferior part by the
pudendal branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of
thigh.
Between these two groups, the vulva is supplied by the
labial and perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

9. INTERNAL GENITALIA
• the internal genital organs in female include vagina, uterus, fallopian
tubes and the ovaries. these organs are placed internally and require
special instruments for inspection.
vagina is a tube like, muscular but elastic organ that join the uterine cavity
with the exterior at the vulva.it has about 4 to 5 inches long in an adult
woman, the diameter of the canal is about 2.5 cm, being widest in the
upper part and narrowest at its introitus
it has ph- 4 acidic
it is the passageway for sperm to the egg and for menstrual bleeding.
organ of copulation and forms the birth canal of parturition
posterior wall of vagina is 10 c m long and anterior wall is only 7.5 cm
length
it's upper end of the vagina is known as
the vault
PART OF INTERNAL GENITALIA

10. STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL GENITALIA

11. RELATIONS:
1.ANTERIOR TO THE VAGINA – LIE THE BLADDER AND
THE
URETHRA WHICH ARE CLOSELY CONNECTED TO THE
ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL
2.POSTERIOR TO THE VAGINA – LIE THE POUCH OF
DOUGLAS, THE RECTUM AND THE PERINEAL BODY;
EACH
OCCUPYING ONE THIRD OF THE POSTERIOR VAGINAL
WALL
3.LATERALLY – ON THE UPPER TWO THIRD ARE THE
PELVIC
FASCIA AND THE URETERS, WHICH PASS BESIDE THE
CERVIX
4.SUPERIOR TO THE VAGINA – LIES THE UTREUS

12. BLOOD
SUPPLY
• ARTERIES – CERVICO VAGINAL BRANCH OF UTERINE ARTERY
– VAGINAL ARTERY-ANTERIOR DIVISION OF INTERNAL ILIAC
- INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY
• VEINS – VENOUS RETURN IS BY VAGINAL PLEXUS WHICH
DRAIN INTO INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN VIA UTERINE VEIN
– INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEIN
• SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC FROM
THE PELVIC PLEXUS
• LOWER PART IS SUPPLIED BY THE PUDENDAL
NERVE
SUPERIOR :DRAINS TO EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES . MIDDLE: DRAIN TO INTERNAL ILIAC NODES AND
INFERIOR : DRAINS TO SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODES
LYMPHATIC
DRAINAGE
NERVE SUPPLY
BLOOD SUPPLY

13. UTERUS
• the uterus is a thick-walled, muscular, pear-shaped
organ that located in the middle of the pelvis, behind
the bladder, and in front of the rectum. the uterus is
anchored in position by several ligaments.
• its normal position is anteverted (rotated
forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed
forward)
• the uterus divided into three parts:
1. Body Of The Uterus(CORPUS)
2. Isthmus
3. Cervix

14. CERVIX
• the cervix is the lower part of the uterus, which protrudes into the upper part of the vagina. it can be
seen during a pelvic examination.
• sperm can enter and menstrual blood can exit the uterus through a channel in the cervix (cervical
canal). the length of the cervix is about 2.5 t0 3 cm. the cervical canal is usually narrow, but during
labor, the canal widens to let the baby through.
•
• isthmus is a constricted part measuring about 0.5 cm, situated between the body and the cervix. it is
limited above by the anatomical internal os and below by the histological internal os (aschoff)
• the upper part is the corpus, or body of the uterus.the fundus is the part of the body or corpus above the
area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
ISTHMUS
BODY OF THE UTERUS

15. FUNCTION OF UTERUS
1. the main function of the uterus is to sustain a developing fetus.
2.it prepare for this possibility for each month
3.at termination of pregnancy it expels the uterine contents
ANTERIOR – the uterovesical pouch and the bladder
POSTERIOR – the rectouterine pouch of the douglas
LATERALLY – the broad ligament, the uterine tubes
SUPERIOR – the intestine
INFERIOR – the vagina
RELATIONS

16. LAYER OF UTERUS
• ENDOMETRIUM: inner lining of uterus,
nourishes developing embryo, built up each
month for pregnancy, if not, shed during
menstruation
MYOMETRIUM: muscular, supports fetus,
contracts at birth and to shed the endometrium
during menstruation.
PERIMETRIUM: is a serous membrane that
lines the outside of the uterus.

17. • the two tubes extended from the cornu of the uterus to the ovary.it runs in the upper free
border of
the broad ligament. Its length is 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
its divided into 4 parts:
1. INTERSTITIAL PART:which runs into uterine cavity, passes through the
myometrium between the fundus and body of the uterus. about 1-2cm in length.
2. ISTHMUS:which is the narrow part of the tube adjacent to the uterus. straight and
cord like , about 2 – 3 cm in length
3. AMPULLA:which is the wider part about 5 cm in length. fertilization occurs in the
ampulla.
4. INFUNDIBULUM:it is funnel or trumpet shaped.fimbriae are fingerlike processes,
one
of these is longer than the other and adherent to the ovary. the fimbriae become
swollen almost
erectile at ovulation.

18. FUNCTIONS
• Gamete transport (ovum pickup, ovum transport, sperm transport).
• Final maturation of gamete post ovulate oocyte maturation, sperm
capacitation.
• Fluid environment for early embryonic development.
• Transport of fertilized and unfertilized ovum to the uterus.

19. OVARIES
• oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length respectively. each
weights about 4–8 gm.it is located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes
• STRUCTURE OF THE OVARIES
.Cortex
.Medulla
.Hilum