This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the lumbosacral plexus, which is formed from the combination of the lumbar and sacral plexuses. It describes the roots, branches, divisions, and terminal branches that form the various nerves. These include the femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, and sciatic nerves. It also outlines the motor and sensory distributions of the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus to the lower limbs and related structures.
Branches/roots from L4-L5-S1 join and become superior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to abductor muscle of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Branches/roots from L5-S1-S2 join and form inferior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to gluteus maximus, this muscle has 2 function for extension and external rotation of the hip
The main root from L1 formed Ilioinguinal nerve, but it also form iliohypogastric nerve with contributions from the subcostal (T12) nerve
Illiohypogastric has cutaneous branch supply 2 areas : skin on the pubis and lateral of buttock, for motor supply it innervate transverse abdominis (increased intra-abdominal pressure and force diaphargm to force expiratory procces) and internal oblique muscle which primarily responsible for vertebrae collumn flexion
Branches/roots from L4-L5-S1 join and become superior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to abductor muscle of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Branches/roots from L5-S1-S2 join and form inferior gluteal nerve giving motor supply to gluteus maximus, this muscle has 2 function for extension and external rotation of the hip
The main root from L1 formed Ilioinguinal nerve, but it also form iliohypogastric nerve with contributions from the subcostal (T12) nerve
Illiohypogastric has cutaneous branch supply 2 areas : skin on the pubis and lateral of buttock, for motor supply it innervate transverse abdominis (increased intra-abdominal pressure and force diaphargm to force expiratory procces) and internal oblique muscle which primarily responsible for vertebrae collumn flexion
Brachial plexus is one of the tough topic to remember by anyone undergoing MBBS course. This slide gives you in detail about the Origin / Course / Formation / Distribution / Anatomical variations & Applied anatomy & Made so easy to Remember & Draw as well.
After completion of this session, students should be able to discuss, identify, and describe:
The anatomical factors predisposing to nerve injuries.
The anatomy of deformity, weakness and sensory loss following the nerve injury.
The applied anatomy of clinical examination for specific nerves.
Surgical anatomy of treating nerve injuries.
Spinal nerves.pptx by thirumurugan, MSc Nthiru murugan
Spinal nerves
M. Thiru murugan
Spinal nerves
The spinal nerves are the major nerves of the body within the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
These nerves are an integral part of the PNS in that they control motor, sensory, and autonomic functions between the spinal cord and the body.
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, located at the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal levels
8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1 to C8).
12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1 to T12).
5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L1 to L5).
5 pairs of sacral nerves (S1to S5).
1 pair of coccygeal nerves (CO1).
Each of these nerves branch out from the spinal cord, dividing and subdividing to form a network connecting the spinal cord to every part of the body.
Spinal nerves are structures which receives sensory information from receptors of the periphery body, and then transmits this information to the CNS.
Similarly, the spinal nerves transmit motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands of the periphery, so the brain’s instructions can be carried out quickly.
Anatomy of Spinal Nerves
Spinal nerves are relatively large nerves which are distributed evenly along the spinal cord and the spine.
These spinal nerves are large as they are formed by both sensory and motor nerve roots merging together.
These nerve roots emerge from the spinal cord, the sensory roots from the back of the spinal cord, whereas the motor roots emerge from the front.
Each nerve root comprises of approximately 8 nerve rootlets and as they join together, they form the spinal nerves which project off the spinal cord.
The spinal nerves are formed within a few centimeters of the spine on each side.
Some groups of nerves merge to form a large plexus of nerves, whereas some divide into smaller branches without forming a plexus.
Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal column through an opening between nearby vertebrae (known as Intervertebral foramen).
This is the case for all of the spinal nerves except the first pair, which emerge between the occipital bone and the uppermost vertebrae.
Types and Functions of Spinal Nerves:
As spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor fibres, so have both sensory and motor functions.
For sensory functions, the spinal nerves receive sensory messages from the skin, internal organs, and the bones.
These spinal nerves will then send this sensory information to the sensory roots before reaching the sensory fibres at the back of the spinal cord.
For motor functions, the motor roots receive nerve messages via the front of the spinal cord and then transmits these messages to the spinal nerves.
Information will be sent to small nerve branches which will activate the muscles of the limbs and other body parts.
Cervical Nerves:
There are 8 cervical nerves on each side of the spine (C1 to C8), located at the top of the spine, of the cervical vertebrae.
The cervical nerves C1 to C5 can form a cervical plexus through the merging of these nerves. These can divide into smaller nerves
posterior abdominal wall is most important chapter in undergraduate curriculum.After read the above presentation you have to able describe about posterior abdominal wall structures like Muscles ,Bony part and Ligamental part. Then nervous innervation of Lumbarplexus and Autonomic nervous system of posterior abdominal wall including sympathetic chain
Anomalous Innervations in (EMG/NCS) by MurtazaMurtaza Syed
Anomalous Innervation.
These are the sort of normal variants which can be found in any normal subject or can concomitantly be found or superimposed in pathological cases. Identifying these anomalies helps out interpreting and making correct diagnosis and to avoid any misinterpretation.
Late response are the most helpful findings in some of the diseases affecting the peripheral nerves, (e.g GBS, Radiculopathies, ). How to assess these responses while performing Nerve Conduction Studies, is the most technical and theoretical consideration.... Here we go with the same things in the stated slides
what is RNS and what the techniques to perform this test in the lab. Its significance in the evaluation and diagnosis of NMJ disorders like MG, LEMBS etc..
EEG variants, are always to be recognized while interpreting the EEG one must be aware of these. Major and most common EEG is variants are discussed in the stated presentation.
Syed Irshad Murtaza.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. OOuuttlliinnee
• Spinal cord.
• Lumbar plexus anatomy
• Sacral plexus anatomy
• Components of lumbosacral plexus
• Key for the L.S Plexus
• Key to draw L.S Plexus.
• Terminal Branches of L.S plexus.
• Motor and Sensory Distribution.
• Questions.
• References
L.S Plexus by IM
3. SSppiinnaall ccoorrdd
• Lumbar and sacral
enlargement. .. The sites
where the nerves serving the
lower limbs, emerge.
• Conus Medullaris:
• The terminal portion of the
spinal cord
• Cauda equina:
• The collection of nerve roots
at eh inferior end of the
vertebral canal.
• Spinal cord ends at the level
of L2 vertebrae (adults).
• Spinal nerves 31 pairs
L.S Plexus by IM
6. LLuummbboossaaccrraall pplleexxuuss
Lumbosacral plexus is basically combination of two
plexus,
Lumbar Plexus &
Sacral Plexus.
1.LUMBAR PLEXUS:
The lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of first
four lumber nerve roots (L1, L2, L3 (major) & part of L4).
In 50% of cases it receives a contribution from the
ventral rami of last thoracic root (T12).
It lies within the substance of the posterior part of psoas
major muscle, anterior to the transverse processes of
the lumbar vertebrae. The branches emerge to both
lateral and medial sided of psoas major muscles. L.S Plexus by IM
7. • "iliopsoas" are referred to
as the "dorsal hip muscles“
or "inner hip muscles.
L.S Plexus by IM
8. Components ooff lluummbboossaaccrraall pplleexxuuss
• Components of the lumbosacral plexus are as,
• 1. Lumbar plexus L1, L2, L3, L4
• 2. Lumbosacral Trunk L4, L5
• The above roots contribute in lumbar and sacral plexus
both.
• 3. Sacral Plexus S1, S2, S3, S4
• Smaller branches of the lumber plexus innervate the
posterior abdominal wall and psoas muscles (psoas
major, iliacus).
• Main branches innervate the anterior thigh and their
relative muscles.
• Key to remember.
• Root →Branches→Divisions→Terminal Branches
• (RBDT) L.S Plexus by IM
12. RRBBDDTT
• Root: these are constituted by the anterior primary
rami of L1, L2, L3, L4 (T12).
• Branches: L1 root gives an upper and lower branch
• L2 Root gives and upper and lower branch
• L3 does not give any branch
• L4 gives an upper and lower branch
• Division: Lower branch of L2, upper branch of L4 and
ventral rami of L3 nerve roots divide into small anterior
and large posterior division.
• From L2 and L3 each gives two and L4 one posterior
divisions, with single anterior division from all branches
(L2, L3, L4).
• Lower branch of L4 and L5 unite to form lumbosacral
trunk
L.S Plexus by IM
13. Terminal BBrraanncchheess ooff LLuummbbaarr PPlleexxuuss
• L1 unites with a small branch from T12 and splits into an upper and
lower branches.
• The upper larger branch divides into two:
• iliohypogastric (T12, L1) and ilioinguinal nerves (L1).
• The lower smaller branch of L1 unites with a branch from L2 to form
the genitofemoral nerve.
• The remainders of L2, L3 and L4 divide into ventral and dorsal
branches. Ventral (Anterior) divisions of L2, L3, L4 unite to form
obturator nerve.
• The dorsal (posterior) divisions of L2 and L3 divide into small and
larger parts. Smaller parts of dorsal divisions of L2 and L3 unite to
form the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
• Larger parts of dorsal divisions of L2 and L3 unite with L4 to form
femoral nerve.
L.S Plexus by IM
15. FFEEMMOORRAALL NNEERRVVEE
• It is formed by the dorsal or posterior division of the
anterior rami of L2,L3, & L4 roots.
• The femoral nerve is the largest branch of the lumbar
plexus. It mainly supplies the extensors muscles of the
knee (quadriceps) (VL, VI, VM, RF).
• The Saphenous Nerve is a purely sensory nerve
which the largest and longest cutaneous branch of
the femoral nerve.
• Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
emerges from the lateral border of psoas major
which is formed by the posterior divisions of L2 and
L3.
. It gives cutaneous supply to the lateral part of the
L.S Plexus by IM
20. Lumbosacral Trunk & sacral plexus.
• The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk
(L4 ,L5 ), & ventral rami of S1, S2, S3, S4 .
• Contribution of the fourth sacral ventral rami is partial &
the remainder of the last (S5 ) joins the coccygeal plexus.
• Key to remember sacral plexus:
• Root Divisions Terminal Branches (R.D.T/B)
• Roots: These are constituted by the anterior primary
rami of L4 , L5, S1, S2, S3, & S4
• Divisions: The lower branch of L4 ventral rami & ventral
rami of L5 , S1 & S2 give anterior and posterior divisions.
While S3 forms & shares only anterior division .
• Terminal Branches: These anterior and posterior
divisions unite to form the terminal nerve branches.
L.S Plexus by IM
21. TTeerrmmiinnaall BBrraanncchheess
• The posterior division of L4 ,L5 & S1 joins to form Superior Gluteal
Nerve .
• The posterior divisions of L5,S1 & S2 unites to form the Inferior Gluteal
Nerve.
• The posterior divisions of L4 ,L5 ,S1 & S2 joins to form Common fibular
or Peroneal Nerve. It’s the about one-half the size of the tibial
nerve.
• The anterior divisions of L4 ,L5 ,S1,S2 & S3 unites to form Poterior Tibial
Nerve.
• The anterior divisions of S2,S3& S4 unites to form Pudendal Nerve.
• So both these nerves i.e. Tibial and peroneal run in a single
covering of sheath and called as Sciatic Nerve (L4 ,L5,S1,S2 &S3) .
Which is the largest nerve of the body.
• L.S Plexus by IM
22. SScciiaattiicc NNeerrvvee
• Sciatic Nerve
descends along the
back of the thigh and
through the middle of
the popliteal fossa, to
the lower part of the
Popliteus muscle. It
divides just 5cm above
the politial fossa into
Common Peroneal &
Tibial nerves to supply
their relative muscles.
L.S Plexus by IM
23. KKeeyy ttoo DDrraaww ssaaccrraall PPlleexxuuss
111221 Anterior
2332 Posterior
• SIPPP
• S. Superior Glutal Nerve (L4, L4, S1) Posterior
• I. Inferior Glutal Nerve (L5, S1, S2) Posterior
• P. Peroneal (common fibular) Nerve (L4,L5,S1,S2) Posterior
• P. Posterior Tibial Nerve (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3 )Anterior
• P. Pudendal Nerve. (S2, S3, S4) Anterior
26. Sensory DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ttoo tthhee LLeeggss::
• Superficial Peroneal: it’s the cutaneous branch from
the common peroneal nerve which supplies to the
anterio-lateral aspect of leg upto dorsum of the foot.
• Sural nerve formed by the junction of the medial
sural cutaneous (it is the sensory branch of tibial
nerve) with the peroneal anastomotic branch (its
branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve), passes
downward near the lateral margin of the tendo-calcaneous,
lying close to the small saphenous vein,
to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the
calcaneous.
• It supplies to the posterio-lateral aspect of the leg
upto lateral malleolus.
L.S Plexus by IM
27. Nerve Name Origin Supplies
Iliohypogastric T12,L1 Motor supply to internal oblique, transverses
muscles, sensation over lower anterior abdominal
wall
Ilioinguinal L1 Sensation over anterior pubis (mons) and anterior
scrotum or labia
Genitofemoral L1, L2 Genital branch: motor supply to cremastor muscle,
sensation to anterior scrotum; femoral branch:
sensation to anterior thigh
Femoral L2, L3, L4 Motor supply to extensors of the knee, sensation to
anterior thigh
Obturator L2, L3, L4 Motor supply to adductors of the thigh, sensation to
medial thigh
Lumbosacral trunk L4, L5 Joins the sacral nerves to form the lumbosacral
plexus that supplies motor and sensory innervations
to the lower extremities
Posterior femoral
cutaneous
S2, S3 Sensation to perineum, posterior scrotum, and
posterior thigh
Pudendal S2, S3, S4 Motor to levator ani, muscles of the urogenital
diaphragm, anal and striated urethral sphincter,
sensation to the perineum, scrotum, and penis
L.S Plexus by IM
28. Nerve Name Origin Supplies
Nerve to quadratus
femoris
12/08/2014
L4,L5,S1 quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus
Superior gluteal L4,L5,S1 gluteus medius & minimus, tensor fasciae
latae
Inferior gluatel L5,S1,S2 Gluteus maximus
Nerve to obturator
internus
L5,S1,S2 obturator internus, superior gemellus
sciatic sacral plexus
(ventral primary
rami of L4-L5, S1-
S3)
(via its tibial & common peroneal branches)
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps
femoris, part of adductor magnus, muscles of
leg & foot
skin of leg & foot (excluding medial side of
leg & foot)
L.S Plexus by IM
32. RReeffeerreenncceess
• Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders
• By David C. Preston
• Snell's Clinical Anatomy 9th Edi
• By Richard S. Snell
• Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle:
Principles and Practice
• By Jun Kimura
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sural_nerve
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris_muscle
TThhaannkkss ffoorr tthhee ppaattiieennccee
L.S Plexus by IM