Coal is a black sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon and formed from the accumulation and alteration of prehistoric vegetation over millions of years. It exists as several types and is one of the most widely used solid fuels. Coal forms underground from the decomposition of plant matter and is extracted through surface mining or underground mining. It has properties like heat content, moisture, ash and sulfur content that determine its uses. Coal is burned as a fuel for electricity generation and in various industries like steel production. While a valuable energy source, coal also has disadvantages as its extraction and combustion produce air and water pollution and safety issues in mines.

1. Coal
Hutuleac Ionut Andrei
Julián Ramos Ávila

2. Definition
 Coal is a sedimentary rock,
it has a black colour which
is primarily composed
by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen. It burns easily and is
one of the domestic and
industrial fuels.

3. Types of coal
• Types of coal:
• Activated charcoal
• Coal oil
• Coal mineral origin
• Vegetable carbon
• Bituminous coal
It is a rock whose origin comes from the accumulation and
alteration of vegetable matter

5. How was it is formed?
• The coal is caused by
the decomposition of
terrestrial plants,
leaves, wood and bark
that accumulates in
swamps. Dead plants
accumulate at the
bottom of a basin and
are covered with
water. After millions
years later the coal are
produced.

6. PROPIERTIES OF COAL:
•
• Heat power: is the most important, potential heat is
the merchandise subject to sale.
• Humidity: increases the dead weight of the coal,
consumes the fuel side heat and weaken
• The properties of coal:
 Ash: Inorganic mineral matter is a combustion residue.
 Sulphur:Inorganic impurity of coal. It harmful as corrosive
acids are formed in the combustion
 The ash fusion temperature of: poor coals produce molten
ash that cause serious

7. Where is extracted?
• The coal can be obtained in two ways: by the
terrestrial surface mines or underground
mines. When a vein of coal is discovered, is
required to know the volume and depth of
field, since these factor determinate that the
operation of the is economically profitable.
Coal is found in almost all
regions of the world, but today
the only commercially
important deposits are in
Europe, Asia, Australia, South
Africa, North America and
South America.

8. The coal use for
• Electric power generation. The pulverized coal furnaces are the
world's main source of electric power
• • Coke. Coke is the product of pyrolysis of coal in the absence of air.
It is used as a fuel and reducing in different industries, mainly in the
blast furnace
• • Steel. Mixing iron with coal minerals obtained an alloy in which
iron is enriched in carbon, obtaining greater strength and elasticity.
• • Depending on the amount of carbon is obtained:
• sweet iron: less than 0.2% coal.
• • Steel: between 0.2% and 1.2% coal.
• • Casting: more than 1.2% coal.
• • Several industries. Used in factories requiring much energy in its
processes, such as cement and bricks factories.

9. Advantages
• Coal, as an energy has many features and beneficial
properties for use in the world.
• Among them is its heat capacity pricipalmente, which
varies between 2000 and 7000 kcal / kg.
• This gives you the quality of being usable in industry, and
many other domestic activities such as mobilization
through its heat and steam.
• Its main defect is to be a renewable fossil fuel, but long
term what stops us from continuing use coal use in
terrariums, while smaller the particles that we use so
much the better.

10. Disadvantages
• The disadvantages are:
• Coal is very polluting, and
mines which are extracted
Year Total Deaths offer little security to
accidents workers, and accidents are
2000 2863 5798 common.
2001 3082 5670
2002 4344 6995 • The release of pollutants
2003 4143 6434 produced dioxides and
2004 3639 6027 their accumulation causes
2005 3341 5986 acid rain.
2006 2698 4700

11. Mines in the world

12. Pictures of some mines.

13. The
End