C O A L A N D I T S A V A I L A B I L I T Y 1
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The document discusses coal, how it is formed, types of coal, coal mining methods, and coal usage. Key points: - Coal is a combustible rock formed from compressed plant matter that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. - There are several types of coal defined by their carbon content, including anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. - Coal is mined through underground methods like shaft mining or surface methods like mountaintop removal. - India's coal reserves and production have increased in recent decades to support its growing electricity needs.
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Coal & Its Types
Coal is a non-renewable resource formed from decaying matter under heat and pressure that is primarily used to generate electricity. There are six main types of coal classified by carbon content and other properties: peat, lignite, bituminous, steam coal, anthracite, and graphite. Peat has the lowest carbon content while anthracite has the highest, and the types progress from lower to higher quality as carbon content increases. Each coal type has distinct characteristics that determine their uses, mainly for power generation, heating, or industrial processes like steel production.
Coal ,its formation ,types and Distribution in pakistan
Coal is a complex mixture of organic chemical substances containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in chemical combination, together with smaller amounts of nitrogen and Sulphur.
Coal
The document discusses the formation and types of coal. It begins by explaining how coal forms from plant debris that accumulates in swamps and bogs. Over millions of years of burial and heating, the plant material transforms into peat and then into lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and finally anthracite coal. It then describes the different ranks of coal from lignite to anthracite based on their carbon content and heating value. The document concludes by covering coal production and use in the United States, with a focus on coal mining and its environmental impacts in Illinois.
Coal Classification,composition & basis
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient vegetation. Pakistan has large coal reserves, especially in the Thar Desert which contains over 175 billion tonnes. Coal is classified based on its composition and burning characteristics, ranging from peat to anthracite based on carbon and moisture content. Classification systems also consider proximate analysis of fixed carbon, volatile matter, and calorific value. Coal analysis data can be reported on different bases depending on whether the moisture, ash, or mineral matter contents are excluded.
Coal
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago. It is composed primarily of carbon but also contains other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. There are several types of coal classified by the amount of carbon and heat content, including peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. Coal is extracted through surface mining and underground mining methods. In India, coal occurs primarily in Jammu and Kashmir and is an important fuel used to generate electricity and heat through combustion.
Coal
All of us want an affordable and reliable energy source which we can only get by using coal energy. Although using coal energy is very significant for us and living without it would become impossible, we should always open our minds to the damage the continuous use of coal energy will eventually bring to us and to our environment.
Coal
This document provides information on various solid fuels including wood, charcoal, peat, and coal. It discusses their origins, compositions, characteristics, and significance. Wood is a domestic fuel that is commonly used in tropical countries and consists mainly of cellulose and lignin. Charcoal is superior to wood and is produced through carbonization or heating wood in the absence of air. Peat represents an early stage in coal formation and varies in composition. Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from the partial decay and burial of plant materials over millions of years. The rank of coals ranges from peat to lignite to anthracite as they gain carbon content and heat value over time. Analysis of coal involves determining its moisture,
Origin of coal b.sc.sem. v paper i final
Coal forms from the accumulation and compression of plant materials over millions of years. It ranges in composition from 60-90% carbon. There are four main types - peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite - representing increasing stages of coalification. Peat forms from partial decomposition of plant matter in swamps. Lignite and bituminous coal contain more compressed plant tissue with higher carbon content. Anthracite is almost pure carbon. Coal is an important fuel used worldwide to generate electricity and power industry through combustion and coking.
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Coal & Its Types
Coal is a non-renewable resource formed from decaying matter under heat and pressure that is primarily used to generate electricity. There are six main types of coal classified by carbon content and other properties: peat, lignite, bituminous, steam coal, anthracite, and graphite. Peat has the lowest carbon content while anthracite has the highest, and the types progress from lower to higher quality as carbon content increases. Each coal type has distinct characteristics that determine their uses, mainly for power generation, heating, or industrial processes like steel production.
Coal ,its formation ,types and Distribution in pakistan
Coal is a complex mixture of organic chemical substances containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in chemical combination, together with smaller amounts of nitrogen and Sulphur.
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The document discusses the formation and types of coal. It begins by explaining how coal forms from plant debris that accumulates in swamps and bogs. Over millions of years of burial and heating, the plant material transforms into peat and then into lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and finally anthracite coal. It then describes the different ranks of coal from lignite to anthracite based on their carbon content and heating value. The document concludes by covering coal production and use in the United States, with a focus on coal mining and its environmental impacts in Illinois.
Coal Classification,composition & basis
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient vegetation. Pakistan has large coal reserves, especially in the Thar Desert which contains over 175 billion tonnes. Coal is classified based on its composition and burning characteristics, ranging from peat to anthracite based on carbon and moisture content. Classification systems also consider proximate analysis of fixed carbon, volatile matter, and calorific value. Coal analysis data can be reported on different bases depending on whether the moisture, ash, or mineral matter contents are excluded.
Coal
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago. It is composed primarily of carbon but also contains other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. There are several types of coal classified by the amount of carbon and heat content, including peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. Coal is extracted through surface mining and underground mining methods. In India, coal occurs primarily in Jammu and Kashmir and is an important fuel used to generate electricity and heat through combustion.
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All of us want an affordable and reliable energy source which we can only get by using coal energy. Although using coal energy is very significant for us and living without it would become impossible, we should always open our minds to the damage the continuous use of coal energy will eventually bring to us and to our environment.
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This document provides information on various solid fuels including wood, charcoal, peat, and coal. It discusses their origins, compositions, characteristics, and significance. Wood is a domestic fuel that is commonly used in tropical countries and consists mainly of cellulose and lignin. Charcoal is superior to wood and is produced through carbonization or heating wood in the absence of air. Peat represents an early stage in coal formation and varies in composition. Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from the partial decay and burial of plant materials over millions of years. The rank of coals ranges from peat to lignite to anthracite as they gain carbon content and heat value over time. Analysis of coal involves determining its moisture,
Origin of coal b.sc.sem. v paper i final
Coal forms from the accumulation and compression of plant materials over millions of years. It ranges in composition from 60-90% carbon. There are four main types - peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite - representing increasing stages of coalification. Peat forms from partial decomposition of plant matter in swamps. Lignite and bituminous coal contain more compressed plant tissue with higher carbon content. Anthracite is almost pure carbon. Coal is an important fuel used worldwide to generate electricity and power industry through combustion and coking.
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Coal forms from the sedimentation and metamorphosis of organic matter like plant material over millions of years. There are two main types of coal: sapropelic and humic. Sapropelic coals like boghead coal and cannel coal contain a high percentage of algae. Humic coals include peat, lignite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and anthracite - classified based on the degree of metamorphosis from plant material to a harder, more carbon-rich rock. The different coal types are also distinguished by their color, hardness, heating value, and other physical properties.
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Ppt on rocks
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Cumulate deposits: fractional crystallization processes can concentrate metals (Cr, Fe, PGE, Pt, Ni, Ti, Diamond ))
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The document discusses various topics related to metallurgy and mining, including:
- A brief history of mining from the Stone Age to the Iron Age.
- Different types of mining such as surface mining (open-pit, strip, quarry, alluvial), underground mining (longwall, room and pillar, etc.), and ocean mining.
- Activities that take place before mining such as traditional prospecting using mules and modern prospecting using trained specialists and sophisticated equipment.
- Various materials recovered through mining like metals, coal, salt, diamonds and the figures showing examples.
Ore forming process
The document discusses three main types of ore forming processes: magmatic, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It focuses on magmatic processes, describing early and late magmatic processes like dissemination, segregation, injection, and residual liquid segregation and injection. Immiscible liquid segregation and injection are also discussed. Pegmatite deposits and contact metasomatic deposits near invading magmas are summarized. A variety of ore deposits can form from these magmatic processes depending on temperature and pressure conditions during crystallization and cooling of magma.
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The document provides an overview of the Chhattisgarh Basin in central India. It discusses the basin's lithology, stratigraphy, and division into three groups - the Singhora, Chandrapur, and Raipur Groups. The Singhora Group contains the oldest sediments in the basin. Stromatolites and microfossils provide evidence of life in the Chhattisgarh Basin between 1600-900 million years ago. The basin is an important source of limestone, dolomite, and other economic resources for the region.
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Coal and petroleum are related in their origin from plant matter, but differ in their state and environment of deposition. Both undergo geological processes that change their composition over time through coalification and kerogen formation. Coals can serve as a source rock for natural gas and, depending on their composition and maturity, may generate oil as well. Key indicators of coal rank and maturity include moisture, volatile content, carbon content, and vitrinite reflectance measured microscopically.
Coal classification
Coal can be classified in several ways based on different parameters. Some common classification systems include:
1. Visual classification based on color, structure into categories like lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
2. Proximate analysis classification using parameters like fixed carbon, volatile matter, and fuel ratio to categorize into types.
3. Ultimate analysis classification systems like Regnault-Grüner-Brosquet and Seyler's that classify based on carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen content.
4. National and international standards that use parameters like volatile matter, ash content, calorific value to systematically grade and code different coal types.
Auxiliary fans & vent pipe; Haroon khan
Mine Ventilation topic related to auxiliary ventilation. Only one type of auxiliary ventilation is discussed i.e., auxiliary fans and vent pipe because this method is more efficient as compared to other methods but method selection depends upon your problem and requirement means which method best suited to your needs.
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COAL BRIQUETTING-use of coal fines using suitable binder
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Topic 3 ore forming processes and magmatic mineral deposits
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Amdrei
Coal is a black sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon and formed from the accumulation and alteration of prehistoric vegetation over millions of years. It exists as several types and is one of the most widely used solid fuels. Coal forms underground from the decomposition of plant matter and is extracted through surface mining or underground mining. It has properties like heat content, moisture, ash and sulfur content that determine its uses. Coal is burned as a fuel for electricity generation and in various industries like steel production. While a valuable energy source, coal also has disadvantages as its extraction and combustion produce air and water pollution and safety issues in mines.
properties of coal
This document discusses the properties and classification of coal. It describes the three main types of coal - anthracite, bituminous, and lignite - based on their composition and properties like carbon content and volatility. It also discusses the physical and chemical properties of coal that are important for combustion, including heating value, proximate analysis (fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture, ash), and ultimate analysis (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur content). The proper sizing of coal for different firing systems is also covered.
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The document summarizes hurdles and solutions for energy generation from Thar coal in Pakistan. It discusses that Thar coal reserves are the 6th largest in the world and could generate 100,000 MW of electricity for 30 years. However, Pakistan currently lacks infrastructure and technology to exploit Thar coal. Key challenges include developing transportation infrastructure to remote Thar, establishing coal gasification technologies, and constructing power transmission lines. Several projects have begun to address these challenges and utilize Thar coal for sustainable energy production.
Coal 1
Coal formed from dead vegetation that was buried during the Carboniferous period from 360-300 million years ago. Over millions of years, the dead plant matter was subjected to heat, pressure, and time underground, transforming it through various ranks from peat to lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and finally anthracite coal with the highest carbon content. This coalification process occurred due to the vegetation being buried in an anaerobic environment without oxygen which allowed carbon rings to form.
4.1.3 properties of coals
Coal is classified into three main types - anthracite, bituminous, and lignite - based on carbon content and heat value. Bituminous and sub-bituminous are most common in India. Proximate analysis determines the percentages of fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash in coal, which influence its combustibility. Ultimate analysis identifies the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content. Proper coal storage, handling, and preparation help ensure efficient combustion in boilers.
Less Common Sedimentary Rocks
Chert is a form of quartz that occurs in sedimentary rocks, usually in discontinuous beds or nodules. It can form biologically from siliciclastic rocks or diagenetically from carbonates. Coal forms from plant debris in association with some siliciclastic rocks. It can have banded or non-banded textures reflecting its organic compound content. Coal rank depends on the degree of metamorphism, with increasing rank containing more energy per volume. Evaporites form through chemical precipitation in restricted basins where evaporation exceeds precipitation, leaving behind minerals like gypsum, halite, and sulfates.
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Coal mine
This document discusses coal rank, grade, and type. It provides definitions and classifications for these coal properties.
Coal rank refers to the degree of coalification or thermal maturation of coal, ranging from lignite to anthracite. Coal grade is based on purity and ash content. Coal type is distinguished by the type of plant materials that formed the coal. These properties are independent but can vary spatially. Coal is first classified by rank to determine its utilization. Rank is determined through parameters like carbon content, energy value, and maceral composition that change with the coalification process. Coal plies form a basis for sampling and correlation within a coal seam based on variations in lithotype or partings.
Ultimate Analysis of Coal
Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen. Ultimate analysis is also known as elemental analysis, it is the method to determine the Carbon,Hydrogen,Nitrogen,Sulphur and Oxygen content present in solid fuel.
Coal
this presentation deals with the types, formation, depletion, conservation of coal. it also includes the various advantages and disadvantages of it. other sources of energy are also include.
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The document provides an overview of geology and various geological concepts through definitions and explanations. It discusses the structure of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. It then covers plate tectonics, the geological time scale, minerals, rocks including igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, faults, folds, coal formation and some key geological terms. Diagrams and images are provided to illustrate geological features and concepts.
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u 1 ppt 2.doc
Coal forms over millions of years from the decomposition of plant matter. There are two main theories for how coal forms - in situ, where plants decay where they grew, and drift, where plants are transported before deposition and burial. Coal forms through a series of stages as plant matter is transformed into peat and then into progressively higher ranks of coal like lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite coal. Composition and heating value change as coal rank increases, with carbon content and heating value rising as moisture, oxygen, and hydrogen decrease. Coal analysis involves determining proximate properties like moisture and volatile content or ultimate properties like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content.
mining method.pdf
This document discusses coal mining methods, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes surface mining methods like opencast mining and underground mining techniques. Surface mining is cheaper but has disadvantages like disturbing overburden and creating unstable spoil tips. Underground mining can access deeper seams but is more expensive, inflexible, and dangerous due to risks of gas, dust, fires and roof collapses. The document also outlines the history of coal mining and various techniques used over time.
coal.pdf
Coal is a nonrenewable fossil fuel that was formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants. It is extracted through surface or underground mining then transported and used primarily to generate electricity in the United States. While an important energy source, burning coal also releases pollutants that can harm the environment. Efforts are underway to reduce these emissions and develop clean coal technologies.
Formation, Occurrence, Extraction and Refining of coal and petroleum.
The document discusses the formation, occurrence, extraction, and refining of coal and petroleum. It explains that coal formed from buried plant matter undergoing heat and pressure over millions of years, while petroleum formed from buried marine organisms. Coal occurs in underground seams and is extracted through surface or underground mining. Petroleum occurs between impervious rock layers and is extracted through drilling wells. Refining coal produces gas, tar, and coke, while refining petroleum uses fractional distillation to produce useful fractions like gasoline and kerosene.
COAL Union of Concerned ScientistsContents· How Coal Was.docx
COAL: Union of Concerned Scientists
Contents
· How Coal Was Formed
· How Coal is Mined
· Where Our Coal Comes From
· How Coal is Transported and Processed
· How Coal is Burned
· Environmental and Public Health Impacts of Coal
· The Future of Coal
Many people think coal represents a bygone way of life and that America has moved on to safer and cleaner energy sources. On the contrary, coal provides roughly half the nation’s electricity—far more than any other source of power—and our coal use has nearly tripled since 1960. Our coal use will continue to expand if the power industry succeeds in building the many power plants it has proposed for construction.
Coal’s proponents claim coal power is cheap. While the direct price of electricity from the nation’s aging fleet of coal plants may be low, it doesn’t reflect the staggering and lasting costs of coal-related air and water pollution, mining accidents, permanently altered landscapes, and, most importantly, climate change. Even the newest proposed plants – which would cost far more than existing plants—would have major impacts on air and water quality, and almost the same mining and climate impacts as existing plants.
Technology is evolving that has the potential to substantially reduce coal’s contribution to global warming by capturing carbon emissions before they are emitted. This technology could become an important part of the battle against global warming, but it remains to be seen whether it will work at a commercial scale and at what cost.
Meanwhile, a 2009 UCS study found that we can dramatically reduce our coal use—and all the environmental and social costs associated with it—while saving energy consumers money with policies that aggressively promote energy efficiency and renewable power.
How Coal Was Formed
Coal was formed when dead plant matter submerged in swamp environments was subjected to geological forces of heat and pressure over hundreds of millions of years. As time went by, the plant matter evolved from moist and low-carbon peat, to coal, which is much higher in energy and carbon content. Coal itself has a wide variation in properties, so it is categorized into 4 ranks—lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite—in order of increasing carbon and energy content. Most of the coal burned in U.S. power plants is of the bituminous or subbituminous variety.
Figure 1: The Process of Coal Formation (Source: KGS)
Coal of all types can vary widely in the amount of sulfur contained. These differences are determined by the conditions under which the coal formed. Low-sulfur coal deposits formed in a freshwater environment, while those containing higher proportions of sulfur developed in brackish swamps or marine-influenced environments.[1] In the United States, the sulfur content of coal resources varies along geographic lines, with most of the eastern coal containing high levels of sulfur, and the younger western coal containing much less.
How Coal is Mined
In 2 ...
Coal and Coke.pdf
Coal forms over millions of years from plant remains that are buried, compacted, and chemically altered by heat and pressure. The formation involves initial accumulation of plant matter in swamps to form peat deposits, followed by deeper burial which causes compaction and heating that transforms the peat into lignite and then into higher rank coals like bituminous coal and anthracite as the temperature and pressure increase further. Coal provides a major source of the world's energy due to its abundance compared to oil and gas reserves, though it also produces more carbon emissions when burned.
Chapter 7 - Coal.pptx
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black rock formed from decayed plant matter exposed to heat and pressure over millions of years. It ranges from brown lignite to black anthracite depending on the degree of metamorphosis (coalification). The main methods of mining coal are underground mining (room and pillar, longwall) and surface mining. Coal is crucial as fuel for generating a significant portion of the world's electricity but also presents environmental challenges from air pollutants like sulfur, mercury and carbon dioxide.
Coal mine Presentation (1).pptx
Coal Mines How and where are coal mines found in Chhattisgarh Basically, the coal mine of Vishrampur is shown in this, which is spread in its area of Bishrampur or South of Chhattisgarh.
There is coal mine in south east along with it there is also coal mine in Parsa Amira .
Coal mine is basically of 2 types open casting and underground coal mine. Coal mine of Vishrampur both type.
Both types of coal come under the category of mines, in which first open casting is done, after that the underground coal itself comes in different types of coal mines in different districts of Chhattisgarh. There is a coal mine, it has seen different types of uses such as in the food industry, in the cement industry, in the three industries, in the bauxite industry, in the sugarcane industry, as well as in the iron industry.
Coal There are four types of coal, which are shown in the following way in this article,
so you read and understand this article and how did you like it, definitely write in the comment thank you.
Types of coal, ranking of coal and their properties.pptx
Coal forms over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants buried under sediment. It progresses from peat to lignite to sub-bituminous coal to bituminous coal and finally to anthracite as it is subjected to more heat and pressure over time. Coal is classified and ranked based on its carbon content and other properties, from lowest rank lignite to highest rank anthracite. The ideal conditions in Carboniferous period swamps led to formation of most of the world's coal deposits, which are now a critical source of energy.
Shaikhj.j
This document discusses the formation and types of coal. It explains that coal is formed from plant matter that was buried underground millions of years ago. As plants evolved lignin, their remains did not fully decay and became buried as peat over time. Peat transformed into coal through increased heat and pressure over millions of years. There are different types of coal depending on the conditions during formation and degree of coalification, ranging from lignite to anthracite. Coal petrography involves examining the microscopic structure of coal and identifying its different maceral components like vitrain, clarain, durain and fussain.
Intrusion in jharia
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Chapter 5- earths resources
This document provides information about various energy and mineral resources on Earth. It discusses how fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years and are being used faster than they can be replenished. Renewable resources like solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy are also introduced. The document outlines different processes used to extract and utilize these various resources.
The finite times
Coal is a fossil fuel that was formed from dead plants millions of years ago. There are two main types of coal mining: surface mining, which involves removing top layers of soil and rock to access coal close to the surface; and underground mining, where tunnels are dug and elevators are used to access coal deeper below ground. Once mined, large pieces of coal are crushed into smaller pieces and sent to power plants where it is burned to generate electricity. Coal is a valuable resource as it currently provides 40% of the world's electricity, but it is finite and its extraction and use also causes environmental pollution problems. Better management of coal resources could involve reducing consumption through more efficient energy use and implementing pollution control technologies like scrubbers
Gem ppt-24-coal mining and ecology
This document summarizes the environmental impacts of coal mining. It discusses two main coal mining methods: surface/strip mining and underground mining. Strip mining destroys landscapes, forests, and wildlife habitats by clearing trees and topsoil. Underground mining causes subsidence as mines collapse and lowers water tables. Both methods generate waste, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Coal mining has significant health impacts on local communities from lung diseases and water contamination. India has large coal reserves and coal remains an important energy source, but increased mining raises environmental concerns.
The finite times
Coal forms over millions of years from dead plants and animals buried under water and dirt. The heat and pressure transforms the remains into hard, black coal. Coal is collected through surface mining, which digs large holes to extract coal near the surface, or underground mining using tunnels. Once extracted, coal is cleaned and processed at plants then sold or burned to produce energy, making it an important resource that powers 40% of the world's electricity. However, coal also harms the environment when burned and through the surface mining process.
The finite times
Underground mining and surface mining are used to collect coal. For underground mining, deep tunnels are built and miners use elevators to reach the coal deposits. Once collected, the top layers of soil and rock are replaced. Coal is a hard black or brown rock that can be burned as a fuel source. It provides an important source of electricity but the heavy worldwide usage of over 5.3 billion tons per year means the supply will not last forever and burning coal harms the environment by contributing to global warming. Better management of coal resources could include reducing usage through recycling and using cleaner energy sources from plants equipped with pollution control technology.
Coal resource-overview-of-world-coal-institute--report-2009
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from prehistoric vegetation buried and altered over millions of years. It comes in various types or "ranks" depending on the degree of alteration, ranging from lignite to anthracite. Global coal reserves are estimated at over 984 billion tonnes, enough to last over 190 years at current production rates. Major coal reserves are located in the United States, Russia, China, India, and Australia. Coal is used primarily as an energy source, fueling almost 40% of global electricity generation.
COAL AND PETROLEUM.pptx
Coal and petroleum are two examples of fossil fuels that are formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Coal is a solid fuel that is an important source of energy, while petroleum is a liquid found underground that is refined into fuels like gasoline and diesel. Both coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources that must be conserved, as destructive distillation of coal and fractional distillation of petroleum produce valuable fuels and products, but alternatives should be pursued so these limited resources last as long as possible.
The finite news
Coal is a black mineral formed from ancient plant remains. It is collected through surface mining, which involves removing surface layers to access coal and then replacing them, or underground mining, which uses tunnels and elevators to access deep coal. Coal provides 40% of the world's electricity and is mined in over 100 countries, making many people dependent on the coal industry for jobs. However, burning coal pollutes the air, water and land with gases like carbon dioxide that cause global warming. We could reduce coal use by conserving electricity and transitioning to more sustainable energy sources.
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C O A L A N D I T S A V A I L A B I L I T Y 1
- 8. HOW IS COAL FORMED?
- 11. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF COAL?
- 15. KINDS OF COAL
- 20. CARBON % IN DIFF.. TYPES OF COAL
- 21. TABLE 1: COAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN INDIA, 1990-2002 (IN MILLIONS OF SHORT TONS ) 420.6 413.9 405.0 375.4 362.9 358.5 332.2 331.9 313.6 294.1 283.0 270.5 255.8 Consumption 392.6 n/a 367.9 24.7 385.2 n/a 357.8 27.4 368.9 n/a 342.2 26.7 356.3 n/a 331.5 24.8 343.1 n/a 317.5 25.5 338.1 n/a 312.6 25.4 314.9 n/a 290.0 24.8 320.6 n/a 296.2 24.4 300.8 n/a 279.5 21.3 288.1 n/a 269.8 18.3 279.5 n/a 262.1 17.4 269.9 n/a 252.3 17.6 247.6 n/a 232.0 15.6 Production Anthracite Bituminous Lignite 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990
- 22. COAL RESERVES IN THE WORLD
- 23. COAL RESERVES IN INDIA
- 24. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES AND USES OF COAL
- 27. COAL USED BY DIFF. INDUSTRIES IN INDIA (1992-93) (MILLION TONNES) 163.11 180.07 TOTAL NIL 1.57 CAPTIVE POWER ETC 6 17.4 28.41 36.15 BRICK KILN 5 OTHERS 20 3.31 3 FERTILIZERS 4 4.9 8.05 10.57 CEMENT 3 64.2 104.74 107.62 POWER UTILITIES 2 11.4 18.59 22.73 STEEL & COKE OVEN 1 % OF FUEL ACTUAL DISPATCH ASSESSED DEMAND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SR.NO
- 28. COAL MINING
- 34. HOW DID THE COAL-BEARING ROCKS FORM?
- 38. COAL WASHING
- 45. COAL CRUSHER
- 47. METALLURIGICAL CONTENTS WHILE MINING